Expressões da Violência na Escola: Rupturas e desafios em debate

This research aimed to analyse how children represent the violence in school and the impact of this experience of violence in relations that arise in the school context. To achieve this study we used data from a qualitative research (Lüdke and André 1986) conducted previously in a public elementary school located in Campinas, São Paulo. The analysis of the empirical material reasoned in historical and cultural perspective in psychology (Vigotski 1999) showed mainly two aspects: the children use different languages (graphic productions: drawings and writing, gestures, symbolic play, silence) to dramatize the physical/symbolic violence that they live in social/family context;...Keywords: Violence; Language; Schools; Children; Qualitative Research.Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar o modo como as crianças representam a violência na escola, assim como o impacto da experiência de violência nas relações que se instauram no contexto escolar. Para concretizar esse estudo utilizou-se os dados de uma pesquisa qualitativa (Lüdke e André 1986) realizada anteriormente em uma escola pública de ensino fundamental, localizada em Campinas, São Paulo. As análises do material empírico, ancoradas na perspectiva histórico-cultural em Psicologia (Vigotski 1999), evidenciaram fundamentalmente dois aspectos: as crianças recorrem a diferentes modos de linguagem (produções gráficas: desenhos e escrita; gestos;...Palavras-Chave: Violência; Linguagem; Escola; Crianças; Pesquisa Qualitativa

Psicología y Educación: ontología y epistemología en las parcelas de una relación paradójica.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre la psicología y la educación en el contexto educativo brasileño. El proceso de investigación consolidado através de una búsqueda bibliográfica se basa en los supuestos del enfoque metodológico cualitativo (Lüdke & André, 1986). Esta investigación propone como marco analítico la psicología histórico-culturales (Vigotski, 1997) que se basa en las proposiciones del materialismo dialéctico e histórico de Marx y Engels (2007). Los resultados de la encuesta muestran que la superación de las diferentes formas de alienación que los individuos son inevitablemente sujeto en el núcleo de las relaciones sociales capitalistas solamente se realizará con la democratización del acceso a la cultura material e intelectual del mundo, así como la síntesis (Marx & Engels, 2007) entre la psicología y la educación, ya que muestra como una posibilidad permitida en la lucha contra el universo ideológico de la hegemonía neoliberal que las sanciones de la sociedad actual

Entre Fios e Desafios: Indústria da Moda, Linguagem e Trabalho Escravo na Sociedade Imperialista

Este trabalho objetiva analisar a significação do conceito de slow fashion, presente nos interstícios da linguagem da moda e disseminado nas mídias sociais, no intuito de desvendar os pressupostos ideológicos contidos no uso deste termo como forma de combater o trabalho escravo na sociedade Imperialista. Para concretizar este estudo realizou-se uma pesquisa ancorada no referencial teórico de Vigotski (2007, 2009) e de Ortiz (2009, 2011). As análises dos dados revelam que não basta refletir sobre a descartabilidade da moda e aderir ao slow fashion como principal linha de ação para lutar contra o trabalho escravo nas cadeias produtivas da indústria da moda. A questão que prioritariamente se coloca é como perscrutar e enfrentar as imposições de um sistema econômico que se reestrutura de modo contínuo, no intuito de reinar soberano, reengendrando novas formas de organização de trabalho extremamente injustas, desiguais e desumanas

A precarização do trabalho docente no Ensino Superior: dos impasses às possibilidades de mudanças

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar o impacto do sistema de acumulação flexível e das concepções neoliberais no trabalho docente, aprofundando o estudo sobre a (re)significação dos papéis sociais de professor construídos/negociados nas relações que se instauram na docência do ensino superior. Para efetivar esse estudo, foram realizadas observações em uma universidade particular situada em um município da região de Campinas. As análises do material empírico, a partir dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos de Antunes e Vigotski, mostraram que nos conflitos e tensões da cotidianidade do trabalho docente emergem complexos movimentos de fuga, mas também de enfrentamento e ruptura que promovem o dissenso resgatando o compromisso social coletivo e o devido reconhecimento dos direitos fundamentais de todo e qualquer ser humano à cidadania.Palavras-chave: acumulação flexível, trabalho docente, ensino superior, papéis sociais.This article aims to examine the impact of the system of flexible accumulation and neoliberal ideas in the teacher’s work deepening the study about the signification of the social roles of teacher constructed / negotiated in relations which establish in the teaching of higher education. To carry out this study, observations were made at a private university located in a municipality in the region of Campinas. The analyses of empirical material from the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Antunes and Vygotsky, showed that in the conflicts and tensions of the routine of teacher’s work emerge complex movements of escape, but also of confrontation and disruption, advancing the dissent, rescuing the collective social commitment and rightful recognition of the fundamental rights of every human being the citizenship.Key-words: flexible accumulation, teacher’s work, higher education, social roles

Literatura Infantil e Cultura: Trajetórias para a Inclusão Social

Na sociedade atual, a temática da inclusão social configura-se como uma questão prioritária a ser enfrentada pela educação escolar e não escolar. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho propõe orquestrar práticas de inclusão social através da literatura infantil em uma instituição de educação não escolar, localizada na região periférica do município de Goiânia, a qual atende crianças e jovens das classes de baixa renda. O trabalho concretizou-se através de um Projeto de Extensão, o qual foi construído na perspectiva da pesquisa-ação, a partir do referencial teórico de Zilberman (2003, 2005), Vigotski (2000, 2009) e Ortiz (2011). Conclui-se, neste trabalho, que a literatura infantil se coloca como uma possibilidade concreta de transformação social em um contexto plural, multíplice e global, permitindo às crianças e aos jovens vivenciarem e respeitarem a diversidade existente tanto na sua cultura como na cultura de outros povos

Guidelines for the management and treatment of periodic fever syndromes Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (cryopyrinopathies – CAPS)

AbstractObjectiveTo establish guidelines based on cientific evidences for the management of cryopyrin associated periodic syndromes.Description of the evidence collection methodThe Guideline was prepared from 4 clinical questions that were structured through PICO (Patient, Intervention or indicator, Comparison and Outcome), to search in key primary scientific information databases. After defining the potential studies to support the recommendations, these were graduated considering their strength of evidence and grade of recommendation.Results1215 articles were retrieved and evaluated by title and abstract; from these, 42 articles were selected to support the recommendations.Recommendations1. The diagnosis of CAPS is based on clinical history and clinical manifestations, and later confirmed by genetic study. CAPS may manifest itself in three phenotypes: FCAS (mild form), MWS (intermediate form) and CINCA (severe form). Neurological, ophthalmic, otorhinolaryngological and radiological assessments may be highly valuable in distinguishing between syndromes; 2. The genetic diagnosis with NLRP3 gene analysis must be conducted in suspected cases of CAPS, i.e., individuals presenting before 20 years of age, recurrent episodes of inflammation expressed by a mild fever and urticaria; 3. Laboratory abnormalities include leukocytosis and elevated serum levels of inflammatory proteins; and 4. Targeted therapies directed against interleukin-1 lead to rapid remission of symptoms in most patients. However, there are important limitations on the long-term safety. None of the three anti-IL-1β inhibitors prevents progression of bone lesions

Integrated genomic characterization of oesophageal carcinoma

Oesophageal cancers are prominent worldwide; however, there are few targeted therapies and survival rates for these cancers remain dismal. Here we performed a comprehensive molecular analysis of 164 carcinomas of the oesophagus derived from Western and Eastern populations. Beyond known histopathological and epidemiologic distinctions, molecular features differentiated oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas from oesophageal adenocarcinomas. Oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas resembled squamous carcinomas of other organs more than they did oesophageal adenocarcinomas. Our analyses identified three molecular subclasses of oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas, but none showed evidence for an aetiological role of human papillomavirus. Squamous cell carcinomas showed frequent genomic amplifications of CCND1 and SOX2 and/or TP63, whereas ERBB2, VEGFA and GATA4 and GATA6 were more commonly amplified in adenocarcinomas. Oesophageal adenocarcinomas strongly resembled the chromosomally unstable variant of gastric adenocarcinoma, suggesting that these cancers could be considered a single disease entity. However, some molecular features, including DNA hypermethylation, occurred disproportionally in oesophageal adenocarcinomas. These data provide a framework to facilitate more rational categorization of these tumours and a foundation for new therapies

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt