Triple‐negative breast carcinomas are a heterogeneous entity that differs between young and old patients

OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency and immunohistochemical profiles of triple-negative breast carcinomas in younger and older women. METHODS AND RESULTS: We selected patients diagnosed with triple-negative breast carcinomas. The groups examined were women who were 35 years old or younger between 1997 and 2007 (n = 74) and, for comparison, women who were 60 years old or older (n = 19, consecutive cases). All formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor samples were reviewed and immunohistochemically stained for ER, PR, HER2, Ki-67 antigen, epidermal growth factor receptor, cytokeratin 5/6, p53, vimentin, CD117, and p63 using tissue microarrays blocks. Triple-negative breast carcinomas corresponded to 34.6% (74/213) of the carcinomas from the younger patients and 16.2% (19/117) of the carcinomas from the older patients (p = 0.002). No significant differences in the frequency of the basal phenotype were observed in the two patient groups based on CK5/6 and/or epidermal growth factor receptor expression (74.3% vs. 68.4%). However, triple-negative breast carcinomas in the older patients presented a higher frequency of CK5/6 expression compared to those of younger patients (42.1% vs. 9.6%; p = 0.005), whereas triplenegative breast carcinomas of younger patients had a higher expression level of epidermal growth factor receptor (71.6% vs. 47.3%). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that there were significant molecular differences between the triple-negative basal-like breast carcinomas that were diagnosed in younger women and those that were diagnosed in older women. These findings may provide a basis for describing the more aggressive phenotype of the triple-negative breast carcinomas observed in younger women

Mesangial Cells Cultured from Pregnant Rats Display Reduced Reactivity to Angiotensin II: the Role of Relaxin, Nitric Oxide and AT2 Receptor

Background/Aims: Pregnancy is characterized by vasodilatation and increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), despite overstimulation of the renin angiotensin system (RAS). the mesangial cells (MCs) influences GFR and when cultured from pregnant rats displays refractoriness to Ang II. We evaluated the role of relaxin (RLX) and its receptor (RXFP1), nitric oxide (NO) and the AT2 receptor in this response. Methods: MCs cultured from kidneys of virgin (V) and pregnant (P) Wistar rats were treated with RLX or AT2 receptor blocker PD123319 or NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME. After 24 hr, intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca]i) was recorded before and after the addition of Ang II. Results: MCs from V group expressed AT2, RLX and RXFP1, whose levels were increased in P cells. Ang II induced a 150% increase in [Ca]i in the V cells and 85% (p<0.05) in the P cells. V cells treated with RLX displayed a similar response to that observed in P cells, suggesting that RLX can modulate the reactivity of the MCs to Ang II. L-NAME and PD123319 did not interfere in this response. Conclusion: Results suggest that RLX is a mediator of the refractoriness of the MCs to Ang II during pregnancy. Copyright (c) 2012 S. Karger AG, BaselFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundacao Oswaldo Ramos (FOR)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Med, Div Renal, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Med, Div Renal, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

“O Mar Está para Peixes?” – an Interactive Platform for Open Source Fishery Data in Rio De Janeiro State

Despite the wide dissemination of information access, open data scarcity in fisheries science is still seen as a challenge. Thus, initiatives such as Sea Around Us and Fish Stats stand out. Particularly in developing countries, fishery data collection systems are precarious and there is a lack of national platforms to make fisheries data available. In Brazil, some states such as São Paulo and Santa Catarina have their own data repositories in web platforms, but there are limitations for dynamic queries. In addition, fisheries management based on the “Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries” (EAF) have been discussed and adopted, and environmental variables have been used as indicators to increase the robustness of fishery models. In this sense, the present work proposes a fishery data compilation platform named O mar está para peixes? (Are there fish in the sea?), which contains fishery data and fishery-related satellite remote sensing data (i.e. sea surface temperature, chlorophyll concentration) for the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The platform is divided in five sections: Fishery, Habitat, Map, Satellite and Download. These sections make data available for dynamic and  personalized consultations, with the option of downloading the data. A standard spreadsheet developed for users to submit their own data is  presented, with the goal of promoting participation and the collective  construction of the platform. This is a new step towards the development of  an EAF in Rio de Janeiro, which will potentially open the pathway for the  integration of public agencies, research institutions, fishing industry and artisanal fishermen

A importância da fala sobre a morte para pacientes oncológicos em fase terminal à luz da psicanálise

Esta pesquisa se propôs a trabalhar a importância da fala sobre a morte para pacientes oncológicos em fase terminal, a partir de uma visão psicanalítica. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, tendo como objetivo analisar a luz da psicanálise a relevância do falar para o paciente oncológico em fase terminal, realizou-se a relação entre a prevalência da pulsão de vida e pulsão de morte no paciente oncológico em fase terminal e o significado que o significante câncer possui para o sujeito. Tornou-se notória a importância da fala para os pacientes oncológicos em fase terminal, levando a refletir sobre a urgência de vida do sujeito, promovendo por meio da fala, a elaboração do luto devido às perdas ocorridas e a retificação subjetiva.&nbsp

Defensive repertory of Pseudoeryx plicatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Defensive behavior is an important mechanism for the survival of organisms, and understanding the different strategies improves our knowledge regarding prey-predator relationships. Herein, based on field observation, we describe a sequence of behaviors displayed by the South American pond snake Pseudoeryx plicatilis from the Pantanal floodplains in midwestern Brazil. The individual displayed a repertoire of five different defensive behaviors, without an evident sequence pattern recognized. Two of the displays are new for the species, and one for the tribe. The new defensive repertory described may suggest animals oriented by vision as main predators of P. plicatilis.Asociación Herpetológica Argentin

Spatio-Temporal Variations of Microphytobenthos in the Botafogo and Siri estuaries (norteast - Brazil)

Variações espaço-temporais da biomassa do microfitobentos foram investigadas nos estuários dos rios Botafogo e Siri em Pernambuco, Brasil. As amostragens foram realizadas em baixa-mar (bimestralmente) de fevereiro a dezembro de 2003. Em cada estuário foram determinadas três estações de amostragem no médio- e no infralitoral. Fortes variações espaciais e temporais foram verificadas nas concentrações tanto de clorofila-a como de feopigmentos. No estuário do Botafogo, a clorofila-a teve 34% do total da sua variação explicada pela análise de regressão múltipla (MRA) baseada nas concentrações de nitrogênio e de fósforo, enquanto no estuário do Siri somente 16% dessa variação foi explicada pela MRA baseada na concentração de nitrogênio. Feopigmentos apresentou 39% de sua variação total explicada pela MRA baseada na concentração de nitrogênio e na salinidade no estuário do Botafogo; enquanto no Siri a MRA explicou 58% da variação total baseada somente na concentração de nitrogênio. Nitrogênio foi discriminado como o fator mais importante para explicar as variações do microfitobentos no estuário do rio Botafogo. Os resultados do presente trabalho ressaltam o papel dos nutrientes e sugerem que ambos estuários apresentam evidências de eutrofização.Spatio-temporal variations of microphytobenthic biomass were investigated in the Botafogo and Siri estuaries, Pernambuco - Brazil. Samples were taken during low water (bi-monthly) from February to December, 2003. Three sampling stations were located in each estuary, in both midlittoral and sublittoral areas. Clear spatial and temporal variations were found for both chlorophyll-a and phaeopigment concentrations. In Botafogo, chlorophyll-a had 34% of total variation explained by MRA from nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, while only 16% of total variation was thus explained from nitrogen concentration in the Siri estuary. Phaeopigments had 39% of total variation explained by MRA from nitrogen concentration and salinity in the Botafogo estuary and 58% of total variation was similarly explained from nitrogen concentration in the Siri estuary. Nitrogen was discriminated by the b coefficients as the most important factor in the explanation of the microphytobenthic pigments variations in the Botafogo estuary. The data of this study emphasize the role of nutrients and suggest that both estuaries show evidence of eutrophication

Eficácia do S-metolachlor associado à ametrina e hexazinona+diuron no controle pré e pós-emergente de plantas daninhas em cana-de-açúcar

The work aimed to evaluate, in sugar cane crop, the selectivity and effectiveness of S-metolachlor herbicide associated to ametryn and [hexazinone+diuron], applied terrestrial and aerial forms, in pre and post emergent weeds control. The experimental design used in experiment 1 (terrestrial application) was randomized complete blocks with 16 treatments and four repetitions, applied in pre and post emergence:  S-metolachlor + ametryn (1920 + 1500;  2400 + 1500 and 2880 + 1500 g a.i. ha-1; S-metolachlor + [ hexazinone+diuron ] (1440 + [ 702+198 ] and 1920 + [ 702+198 ] g a.i. ha-1; [ hexazinone+diuron ] + ametryn ([ 936+264 ] + 1500 g a.i. ha-1; tebuthiuron + ametryn (1000 + 1500 g a.i. ha-1 and checks with and without weeding. In experiment 2 (aerial application), the treatments were constituted by S-metolachlor (2880 g a.i. ha-1), S-metolachlor + ametryn (2400 + 1500 g a.i. ha-1) and checks without application, being herbicides applied in two bands of one hectare for each treatment. All herbicides treatments caused initial phytotoxicity to sugar cane crop (RB 835486), with total recovery at 45 DAA (days after application). Terrestrial application in S-metolachlor + ametryn, S-metolachlor + [hexazinone+diuron], [hexazinone+diuron] + ametryn and tebuthiuron + ametryn pre-emergence was efficient in controlling Digitaria horizontalis, Ipomoea nil and Amaranthus deflexus. In post emergency, treatments were less efficient in controlling D. horizontalis; more efficient in controlling I. nil and equivalents in A. deflexus control. Aerial application of S-metolachlor and S-metolachlor + ametryn was efficient in D. horizontalis e B. plantaginea control, providing higher sugar cane yield than the check without herbicides application.O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar em cana-de-açúcar a seletividade e a eficácia do herbicida S-metolachlor associado à ametrina e [hexazinona+diuron], aplicados via terrestre e via aérea, no controle pré e pós-emergente de plantas daninhas. O delineamento utilizado no experimento 1 (aplicação terrestre) foi o de blocos ao acaso com 16 tratamentos e quatro repetições, aplicados em pré e pós-emergência com: S-metolachlor + ametrina (1920 + 1500; 2400 + 1500 e 2880 + 1500 g i.a. ha-1); S-metolachlor + [hexazinona+diuron] (1440 + [702+198] e 1920 + [702+198] g i.a. ha-1); [hexazinona+diuron] + ametrina ([936+264] + 1500 g i.a. ha-1); tebuthiuron + ametrina (1000 + 1500 g i.a. ha-1) e as testemunhas capinada e sem capina. No experimento 2 (aplicação aérea), os tratamentos foram: S-metolachlor (2880 g i.a. ha-1), S-metolachlor + ametrina (2400 + 1500 g i.a. ha-1) e testemunha sem aplicação, sendo os herbicidas aplicados em duas faixas de um hectare para cada tratamento. Todos os tratamentos herbicidas provocaram fitotoxicidade inicial à cana-de-açúcar (RB 835486), com recuperação total aos 45 DAA (dias após aplicação). A aplicação terrestre em pré-emergência de S-metolachlor + ametrina, S-metolachlor + [hexazinona+diuron], [hexazinona+diuron] + ametrina e tebuthiuron + ametrina foi eficiente no controle de Digitaria horizontalis, Ipomoea nil e Amaranthus deflexus. Em pós-emergência, os tratamentos foram menos eficientes no controle de D. horizontalis; mais eficientes no controle de I. nil e equivalentes no controle de A. deflexus. A aplicação área de S-metolachlor e S-metolachlor + ametrina foi eficiente no controle de D. horizontalis e B. plantaginea, proporcionando produtividade da cana-de-açúcar superior a testemunha sem herbicidas

EFFECT OF THE FINAL CARBONIZATION TEMPERATURE ON THE QUALITY OF FIVE SPECIES OF CERRADO

The objective of the research was to characterize the energetic properties of the charcoal from species from the cerrado sensu stricto, as well as to evaluate the effect of the final carbonization temperature. Five species were selected for study. Ten specimens were obtained from the logs of each species, submitted to two treatments with five replicates each. The basic density of the wood was calculated by the hydrostatic balance method. The charcoal was produced by the pyrolysis process of the wood in a muffle furnace adapted to capture the pyrolignous liquor, in which two heating speeds were used with final temperatures of 500 °C and 550 °C. Through the pyrolysis process, the total gravimetric yield of the coal, yield in condensable gas, and non-condensable gas were obtained. The apparent density, the immediate chemical analysis (ICA) of the charcoal was determined and, finally, its calorific value was calculated. The YC presented acceptable values for the species Terminalia glabrescens (35.43%) and Vatairea macrocarpa (32.59%). The volatile material content of Vatairea macrocarpa (22.53%) presented satisfactory values. Fixed carbon, ash and heat content were also considered acceptable for the species Terminalia glabrescens (74.43%, 0.96% 7457.40 kcal.kg-¹), Vatairea macrocarpa (75.21% 0.55% and 7443.57 kcal.kg-¹) and Xylopia aromatica (74.27%, 0.67% and 7365.56 kcal.kg-¹), presenting high energy potential. The YC, YL and YNNC were influenced by the heating speeds as well as the content of volatile materials. The recommended final carbonization temperature is 550 °C