Implicações técnicas e ecossistêmicas do manejo inadequado da arborização urbana: o caso das podas drásticas em oitis na cidade de Ilha Solteira - SP

Oiti is a large species, recommended for urban afforestation. However, it is often implemented in inappropriate places, which can cause conflicts with some factors in cities and with the population in general. Thus, inadequate pruning is carried out, causing great damage to the plant and to public management. The objective of this work was to analyze the drastic pruning performed on Oiti trees used in urban afforestation in the municipality of Ilha Solteira - SP. Oiti specimens diagnosed with drastic pruning were diagnosed and data related to location, presence of electriclal cables and pruning order were collected from the City Hall. The reasons for pruning were listed, the trees were registered using digital photos, which were compared to images from Google Street View® prior to the pruning. It was concluded that Oiti trees received drastic pruning in several neighborhoods in the city of Ilha Solteira, which were carried out with no justification nor request/consent from the City Hall, resulting in some cases in the death of the tree and consequent loss of urban green.O Oiti é uma espécie de grande porte, recomendada para arborização urbana. Contudo, muitas vezes é implantada em locais inadequados, o que pode ocasionar conflitos com alguns fatores nas cidades e com a população em geral. Assim, podas inadequadas são realizadas, ocasionando grandes prejuízos na planta e para a gestão pública. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as podas drásticas realizadas em árvores de Oiti utilizadas na arborização urbana no município de Ilha Solteira - SP. Foram diagnosticados exemplares de Oiti consideradas com poda drástica e coletados dados referentes à localização, presença de fiação e pedido de poda junto a Prefeitura Municipal. Foram elencados os motivos para a realização da poda, o registro das árvores por fotos digitais, que foram comparadas com imagens do Google Street View® anteriores à realização da poda. Concluiu-se que árvores de Oiti receberam poda drástica em diversos bairros da cidade de Ilha Solteira, sendo estas realizadas sem justificativa e solicitação/anuência da Prefeitura Municipal, resultando em alguns casos na morte da árvore e consequente perda do verde urbano

Observation of the Bs0 ⁣→D∗+D∗−B^0_s\!\to D^{*+}D^{*-} decay

International audienceThe first observation of the ${B}_s^0$→ D$^{∗+}$D$^{∗−}$ decay and the measurement of its branching ratio relative to the B$^{0}$→ D$^{∗+}$D$^{∗−}$ decay are presented. The data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb$^{−1}$ of proton-proton collisions recorded by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV between 2011 and 2018. The decay is observed with more than 10 standard deviations and the time-integrated ratio of branching fractions is determined to be$\frac{\mathcal{B}\left({B}_s^0\to {D}^{\ast +}{D}^{\ast -}\right)}{\mathcal{B}\left({B}^0\to {D}^{\ast +}{D}^{\ast -}\right)}=0.269\pm 0.032\pm 0.011\pm 0.008,$where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third due to the uncertainty of the fragmentation fraction ratio f$_{s}$/f$_{d}$. The ${B}_s^0$→ D$^{*+}$D$^{*−}$ branching fraction is calculated to be$\mathcal{B}\left({B}_s^0\to {D}^{\ast +}{D}^{\ast -}\right)=\left(2.15\pm 0.26\pm 0.09\pm 0.06\pm 0.16\right)\times {10}^{-4},$where the fourth uncertainty is due to the B$^{0}$→ D$^{*+}$D$^{*−}$ branching fraction. These results are calculated using the average ${B}_s^0$ meson lifetime in simulation. Correction factors are reported for scenarios where either a purely heavy or a purely light ${B}_s^0$ eigenstate is considered.[graphic not available: see fulltext

Test of lepton flavour universality using B0→D∗−τ+ντB^0 \to D^{*-}\tau^+\nu_{\tau} decays with hadronic τ\tau channels

The branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to D^{*-}\tau^+\nu_\tau)$ is measured relative to that of the normalisation mode $B^0 \to D^{*-}\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+$ using hadronic $\tau^+ \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^+(\pi^0)\bar{\nu}_\tau$ decays in proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2 fb$^{-1}$. The measured ratio is $\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to D^{*-}\tau^+\nu_\tau)/\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to D^{*-}\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+)= 1.70 \pm 0.10^{+0.11}_{-0.10}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is related to systematic effects. Using established branching fractions for the $B^0 \to D^{*-}\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+$ and $B^0 \to D^{*-} \mu^+\nu_\mu$ modes, the lepton universality test, $\mathcal{R}(D^{*-}) \equiv \mathcal{B}(B^0 \to D^{*-}\tau^+\nu_\tau)/\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to D^{*-} \mu^+\nu_\mu)$ is calculated, $$\mathcal{R}(D^{*-}) = 0.247 \pm 0.015 \pm 0.015 \pm 0.012\, ,$$ where the third uncertainty is due to the uncertainties on the external branching fractions. This result is consistent with the Standard Model prediction and with previous measurements.The branching fraction B(B0→D*-τ+ντ) is measured relative to that of the normalization mode B0→D*-π+π-π+ using hadronic τ+→π+π-π+(π0)ν¯τ decays in proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2  fb-1. The measured ratio is B(B0→D*-τ+ντ)/B(B0→D*-π+π-π+)=1.70±0.10-0.10+0.11, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is related to systematic effects. Using established branching fractions for the B0→D*-π+π-π+ and B0→D*-μ+νμ modes, the lepton universality test R(D*-)≡B(B0→D*-τ+ντ)/B(B0→D*-μ+νμ) is calculated, R(D*-)=0.247±0.015±0.015±0.012, where the third uncertainty is due to the uncertainties on the external branching fractions. This result is consistent with the Standard Model prediction and with previous measurements.The branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to D^{*-}\tau^+\nu_{\tau})$ is measured relative to that of the normalisation mode $B^0 \to D^{*-}\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+$ using hadronic $\tau^+ \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^+(\pi^0)\bar{\nu}_{\tau}$ decays in proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2 fb$^{-1}$. The measured ratio is $\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to D^{*-}\tau^+\nu_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to D^{*-}\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+)= 1.70 \pm 0.10^{+0.11}_{-0.10}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is related to systematic effects. Using established branching fractions for the $B^0 \to D^{*-}\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+$ and $B^0 \to D^{*-} \mu^+\nu_\mu$ modes, the lepton universality test, $\mathcal{R}(D^{*-}) \equiv \mathcal{B}(B^0 \to D^{*-}\tau^+\nu_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to D^{*-} \mu^+\nu_\mu)$ is calculated, $$\mathcal{R}(D^{*-}) = 0.247 \pm 0.015 \pm 0.015 \pm 0.012\, ,$$ where the third uncertainty is due to the uncertainties on the external branching fractions. This result is consistent with the Standard Model prediction and with previous measurements

A study of C ⁣PC\!P violation in the decays B±→[K+K−π+π−]Dh±B^\pm\to[K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^-]_D h^{\pm} (h=K,πh = K, \pi) and B±→[π+π−π+π−]Dh±B^\pm\to[\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-]_D h^{\pm}

The first study of $C\!P$ violation in the decay mode $B^\pm\to[K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^-]_D h^{\pm}$, with $h=K,\pi$, is presented, exploiting a data sample of proton-proton collisions collected by the LHCb experiment that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $9$ fb$^{-1}$. The analysis is performed in bins of phase space, which are optimised for sensitivity to local $C\!P$ asymmetries. $C\!P$-violating observables that are sensitive to the angle $\gamma$ of the Unitarity Triangle are determined. The analysis requires external information on charm-decay parameters, which are currently taken from an amplitude analysis of LHCb data, but can be updated in the future when direct measurements become available. Measurements are also performed of phase-space integrated observables for $B^\pm\to[K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^-]_D h^{\pm}$ and $B^\pm\to[\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-]_D h^{\pm}$ decays.The first study of $C\!P$ violation in the decay mode {{B} ^\pm } \rightarrow [{{K} ^+} {{K} ^-} {{\uppi } ^+} {{\uppi } ^-} ]_{D} h^\pm , with $h=K,\pi$, is presented, exploiting a data sample of proton–proton collisions collected by the LHCb experiment that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $9\text {\,fb} ^{-1}$. The analysis is performed in bins of phase space, which are optimised for sensitivity to local $C\!P$ asymmetries. $C\!P$-violating observables that are sensitive to the angle $\gamma$ of the Unitarity Triangle are determined. The analysis requires external information on charm-decay parameters, which are currently taken from an amplitude analysis of LHCb data, but can be updated in the future when direct measurements become available. Measurements are also performed of phase-space integrated observables for {{B} ^\pm } \rightarrow [{{K} ^+} {{K} ^-} {{\uppi } ^+} {{\uppi } ^-} ]_{D} h^\pm and {{B} ^\pm } \rightarrow [{{\uppi } ^+} {{\uppi } ^-} {{\uppi } ^+} {{\uppi } ^-} ]_{D} h^\pm decays.The first study of $C\!P$ violation in the decay mode $B^\pm\to[K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^-]_D h^\pm$, with $h=K,\pi$, is presented, exploiting a data sample of proton-proton collisions collected by the LHCb experiment that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $9$ fb$^{-1}$. The analysis is performed in bins of phase space, which are optimised for sensitivity to local $C\!P$ asymmetries. $C\!P$-violating observables that are sensitive to the angle $\gamma$ of the Unitarity Triangle are determined. The analysis requires external information on charm-decay parameters, which are currently taken from an amplitude analysis of LHCb data, but can be updated in the future when direct measurements become available. Measurements are also performed of phase-space integrated observables for $B^\pm\to[K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^-]_D h^\pm$ and $B^\pm\to[\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-]_D h^\pm$ decays

Measurement of Υ\Upsilon production in pppp collisions at s=5 TeV\sqrt{s}=5 \ \rm{TeV}

The production cross-sections of Υ mesons, namely Υ(1S), Υ(2S) and Υ(3S), in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5 TeV are measured with a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.13 ± 0.18 pb$^{−1}$ collected by the LHCb detector. The Υ mesons are reconstructed in the decay mode Υ → μ$^{+}$μ$^{−}$. Double differential cross-sections times branching fractions, as functions of the transverse momentum p$_{T}$ and the rapidity y of the Υ mesons, are measured in the range p$_{T}$< 20 GeV/c and 2.0 < y < 4.5. The results integrated over these p$_{T}$ and y ranges are$\sigma \left(\textrm{Y}(1S)\right)\times \mathcal{B}\left(\textrm{Y}(1S)\to {\mu}^{+}{\mu}^{-}\right)=2101\pm 33\pm 83\ \textrm{pb}, \sigma \left(\textrm{Y}(2S)\right)\times \mathcal{B}\left(\textrm{Y}(2S)\to {\mu}^{+}{\mu}^{-}\right)=526\pm 20\pm 21\ \textrm{pb}, \sigma \left(\textrm{Y}(3S)\right)\times \mathcal{B}\left(\textrm{Y}(3S)\to {\mu}^{+}{\mu}^{-}\right)=242\pm 16\pm 10\ \textrm{pb},$where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. The ratios of cross-sections between measurements of two different Υ states and between measurements at different centre-of-mass energies are determined. The nuclear modification factor of Υ(1S) at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5 TeV is updated as well using the directly measured cross-section results from this analysis.[graphic not available: see fulltext]The production cross-sections of $\Upsilon$ mesons, namely $\Upsilon(1S)$, $\Upsilon(2S)$ and $\Upsilon(3S)$, in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=5 \ \rm{TeV}$ are measured with a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9.13\pm{0.18} \ \rm{pb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb detector. The $\Upsilon$ mesons are reconstructed in the decay mode $\Upsilon \to {\mu}^+ {\mu}^-$. Double differential cross-sections times branching fractions, as functions of the transverse momentum $p_{\rm{T}}$ and the rapidity $y$ of the $\Upsilon$ mesons, are measured in the range $p_{\rm{T}} < 20 \ \rm{GeV}/c$ and $2.0<y<4.5$. The results integrated over these $p_{\rm{T}}$ and $y$ ranges are $\sigma(\Upsilon(1S)) \times\mathcal{B}(\Upsilon(1S)\to {\mu}^+ {\mu}^-) = 2101\pm33\pm83 \ \rm{pb},$$\sigma(\Upsilon(2S)) \times\mathcal{B}(\Upsilon(2S)\to {\mu}^+ {\mu}^-) = 526\pm20\pm21 \ \rm{pb},$$\sigma(\Upsilon(3S)) \times\mathcal{B}(\Upsilon(3S)\to {\mu}^+ {\mu}^-) = 242\pm16\pm10 \ \rm{pb},$ where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. The ratios of cross-sections between measurements of two different $\Upsilon$ states and between measurements at different center-of-mass energies are determined. The nuclear modification factor of $\Upsilon(1S)$ at $\sqrt{s}=5 \ \rm{TeV}$ is updated as well using the directly measured cross-section results from this analysis