Environmental Implications of pH in a Pervious Concrete Pavement on Highway BR-319, Amazonas, Brazil

http://sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/issn/0973-4929/This research studies the carbonation phenomenon of cement due to the reaction of its components with water. In this chemical reaction occurs the formation of calcium carbonate and the absorption of CO2 in the atmosphere, which contributes to the reduction of the Greenhouse Effect. However, carbonation also causes pathologies such as efflorescence, staining and corrosion of steel in concrete. This research shows the results of experiments with specimens of concrete permeable, made with cement and big aggregates (calcareous stone) in the ratio of 1: 4.4 (cement:stone) and a factor of 0.3 for water / cement. The specimens were kept in contact with water containing different amounts of CO2 - distilled, ionized alkaline, carbonated, and tap water. After the experiments were carried out, an increase in pH, a mean compressive strength of 12.3 MPa and a permeability rate of 1.28 l / h was observed. The results show that the permeable concrete did not present any pathologies resulting from the carbonation during the period of the research, which recommended the same for use in road pavements.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

(Des)vinculações de Planos Municipais de Educação metropolitanos com outros instrumentos de gestão local da educação

Resumo É possível afirmar que são poucos os estudos sobre os Planos Municipais de Educação (PMEs) aprovados no Brasil ao longo do período de vigência do PNE 2001-2010, especialmente os relativos às Regiões Metropolitanas (RMs), cuja necessidade de conhecimento se torna mais evidente em face dos desafios postos pelo PNE 2014-2024 à reformulação desses planos locais. Assim, o presente artigo visa à análise das vinculações previstas em PMEs em relação a outros instrumentos de gestão local da educação, tomando por base empírica os planos pertencentes a dez municípios da RM do estado do Rio de Janeiro, aprovados no período 2001-2012, com vistas ao delineamento de eventuais problemas internos, também relacionados ao planejamento em escala metropolitana. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter exploratório, metodologicamente ancorado na análise de conteúdo de documentos legislativos, cujas conclusões mais gerais apontam, de um lado, nítidas desvinculações em relação ao conjunto de instrumentos de gestão considerados nas análises, e, de outro, ausência de um enfoque regional-metropolitano nesses mesmos planos. Evidencia, ainda, que essas desarticulações locais e regionais constituem importantes reptos a serem superados com vistas à adequação desses planos ao novo PNE, postulando que tais enlaces são passíveis de previsão a partir da compreensão de que um plano de educação não constitui um instrumento independente e suficiente de gestão e, embora se afigure numa espécie de registro de coordenação e sistematização das decisões previstas para a condução das políticas educacionais no município, é parte integrante dessas mesmas políticas e não estranho a elas

Post-intervention Status in Patients With Refractory Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab During REGAIN and Its Open-Label Extension

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether eculizumab helps patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) achieve the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status of minimal manifestations (MM), we assessed patients' status throughout REGAIN (Safety and Efficacy of Eculizumab in AChR+ Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis) and its open-label extension. METHODS: Patients who completed the REGAIN randomized controlled trial and continued into the open-label extension were included in this tertiary endpoint analysis. Patients were assessed for the MGFA post-intervention status of improved, unchanged, worse, MM, and pharmacologic remission at defined time points during REGAIN and through week 130 of the open-label study. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients completed REGAIN and continued into the open-label study (eculizumab/eculizumab: 56; placebo/eculizumab: 61). At week 26 of REGAIN, more eculizumab-treated patients than placebo-treated patients achieved a status of improved (60.7% vs 41.7%) or MM (25.0% vs 13.3%; common OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). After 130 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 88.0% of patients achieved improved status and 57.3% of patients achieved MM status. The safety profile of eculizumab was consistent with its known profile and no new safety signals were detected. CONCLUSION: Eculizumab led to rapid and sustained achievement of MM in patients with AChR+ refractory gMG. These findings support the use of eculizumab in this previously difficult-to-treat patient population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: REGAIN, NCT01997229; REGAIN open-label extension, NCT02301624. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that, after 26 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 25.0% of adults with AChR+ refractory gMG achieved MM, compared with 13.3% who received placebo

Minimal Symptom Expression' in Patients With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody-Positive Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab

The efficacy and tolerability of eculizumab were assessed in REGAIN, a 26-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), and its open-label extension