Processos de ensino e aprendizagem de trigonometria em triângulos quaisquer a partir da Engenharia Didática

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de investigar a produtividade de uma sequência didática relacionada ao tema trigonometria em triângulos quaisquer, junto aos alunos de 2º ano do Ensino Médio, de uma escola da rede pública de Santana-AP. O aporte teórico da investigação envolveu o ensino de Matemática, em particular, o da trigonometria e os princípios da Engenharia Didática. A pesquisa foi realizada através de um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa. Os principais instrumentos utilizados foram observações participativas advindas dos momentos de interação entre a professora pesquisadora e os alunos durante o processo de desenvolvimento da sequência didática e os testes inicial e final. Por meio desses instrumentos, foram registradas e analisadas as dificuldades e os avanços que os discentes apresentaram na construção e aquisição do conhecimento. Aquelas estiveram presentes na resolução de situações que não apresentavam desenhos. Entretanto, verificou-se que a proposta elaborada, usando sequência didática, colaborou, de forma efetiva e produtiva, para o ensino e a aprendizagem relacionada, em particular, à aplicabilidade da trigonometria em triângulos quaisquer. Ademais, constatou-se o envolvimento dos discentes no desenvolvimento das atividades.This essay aims to investigate the productivity of a didactic sequence related to the topic Trigonometry in Any Triangles, with sophomore students from a public high school in Santana, AP. The theoretical framework of the research involved the teaching of Math, in particular trigonometry and principles of Engineering Didactic. The survey was conducted through a study of case with a qualitative approach. The main instruments were participative observations arising from moments of interaction between the researcher teacher and students during the development process of the didactic sequence and initial and final tests. Through these instruments, the difficulties and the progress that students showed in the construction and acquisition of knowledge were recorded and analyzed. Difficulties were observed in the resolution of situations that did not presented drawings. However, it was found that the elaborate proposal, using didactic sequence, cooperated effectively and productively for teaching and learning, particularly related to the applicability of trigonometry in any triangles. Moreover, the involvement of students was observed in the development of activities

Comunicação alternativa: um caminho para a inclusão educacional / Alternative communication: a pathway to educational inclusion

Este trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para a inclusão da pessoa com deficiência na escola, propondo oficinas de Comunicação Alternativa e Ampliada (CAA) para professores de escolas regulares com alunos com deficiência.Metodologicamente, utilizou-se dos preceitos da pesquisa-ação colaborativa. Foram realizadas oficinas em duas escolas públicas do estado de Sergipe, das quais participaram trinta professores da sala comum e da sala de Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE). As oficinas aconteceram no período de novembro de 2015 a junho de 2016. Mais de 40 materiais de CAA de baixo custo/baixa tecnologia foram confeccionados ao longo das oficinas em cada escola mediante a instrumentalização de professores. As oficinas também favoreceram a autonomia dos professores no que se refere à construção dos materiais de CAA, além de trazerem à tona alternativas e ideias para a adaptação de materiais já existentes em um espaço de discussão e aprendizado sobre os possíveis caminhos rumo à inclusão socioeducacional

PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE PACIENTES INTERNADOS POR ACIDENTE VASCULAR CEREBRAL

In recent decades, Brazil has experienced a significant change in its morbidity and mortality profile, with chronic non-communicable diseases taking the lead as the main causes of death. Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is one of these chronic diseases with great impact, being one of the main reasons for hospitalizations and mortality in the country. The main objective of this work is to analyze the epidemiological profile of patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of stroke. This study is a descriptive epidemiological review, ecological and cross-sectional in nature, based on a quantitative approach. We used information obtained from the Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS) of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), focused on hospitalized patients (CVA). A total of 776,433 hospital admissions were observed, highlighting the prevalence of the southeast region leading the numbers of cases with (329,491) and the year 2022 with (206,751). Based on the data mentioned, it is concluded that the vast majority of patients hospitalized due to stroke are men, coming from the southeast region of the country and receiving emergency care. In this regard, it is crucial to increase knowledge and identification of this topic to improve patient management. Furthermore, public policies are necessary to promote early diagnosis and implement effective prevention measures.Nas últimas décadas, o Brasil tem experimentado uma mudança significativa em seu perfil de morbimortalidade, com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis assumindo a liderança como principais causas de óbito. O Acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) é uma dessas doenças crônicas de grande impacto, sendo uma das principais razões para internações e mortalidade no país. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes internados com diagnóstico de acidente vascular cerebral. Este estudo é uma revisão epidemiológica descritiva, de natureza ecológica e transversal, baseada em uma abordagem quantitativa. Utilizou-se informações obtidas do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH/SUS) do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), focadas em pacientes internados (AVC). Observou- se um total de 776.433 internações hospitalares, destaca-se a prevalência da região sudeste liderando os números de casos com (329.491) e o ano de 2022 com (206.751). Com base nos dados mencionados, conclui-se que a grande maioria dos pacientes hospitalizados devido a acidente vascular cerebral são homens, provenientes da região sudeste do país e recebem atendimento de urgência. Nessa vertente, é crucial aumentar o conhecimento e a identificação deste tema para melhorar o manejo dos pacientes. Além disso, políticas públicas são necessárias para promover o diagnóstico precoce e implementar medidas eficazes de prevenção

Flavonoids from the Brazilian plant Croton betulaster inhibit the growth of human glioblastoma cells and induce apoptosis

This study investigated the effects of the flavonoids 5-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavone, casticin, and penduletin, isolated from Croton betulaster Müll Arg., Euphorbiaceae, a plant utilized in popular medicine in Brazil, on the growth and viability of the human glioblastoma cell line GL-15. We observed that 5-hydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavone and casticin were not toxic to GL-15 cells after 24 h of exposure. However, casticin and penduletin inhibited the metabolic activity of glioblastoma cells significantly at a concentration of 10 μM (p ≤ 0.05). Flavonoids casticin and penduletin also induced a significant and dose-dependent growth inhibition beginning at 24 h of exposure, and the most potent flavonoid was penduletin. It was also observed that penduletin and casticin induced an enlargement of the cell body and a reduction of cellular processes, accompanied by changes in the pattern of expression of the cytoskeletal protein vimentin. Signs of apoptosis, such as the externalization of membrane phosphatidyl serine residues, nuclear condensation, and fragmentation, were also detected in cells treated with 50–100 μM flavonoids. Our results indicate that flavonoids extracted from C. betulaster present antitumoral activity to glioblastoma cells, with penduletin proving to be the most potent of the tested flavonoids. Our results also suggest that these molecules may be promising supplementary drugs for glioblastoma treatment

The germline mutational landscape of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Brazil

The detection of germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 is essential to the formulation of clinical management strategies, and in Brazil, there is limited access to these services, mainly due to the costs/availability of genetic testing. Aiming at the identification of recurrent mutations that could be included in a low-cost mutation panel, used as a first screening approach, we compiled the testing reports of 649 probands with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants referred to 28 public and private health care centers distributed across 11 Brazilian States. Overall, 126 and 103 distinct mutations were identified in BRCA1 and BRCA2, respectively. Twenty-six novel variants were reported from both genes, and BRCA2 showed higher mutational heterogeneity. Some recurrent mutations were reported exclusively in certain geographic regions, suggesting a founder effect. Our findings confirm that there is significant molecular heterogeneity in these genes among Brazilian carriers, while also suggesting that this heterogeneity precludes the use of screening protocols that include recurrent mutation testing only. This is the first study to show that profiles of recurrent mutations may be unique to different Brazilian regions. These data should be explored in larger regional cohorts to determine if screening with a panel of recurrent mutations would be effective.This work was supported in part by grants from Barretos Cancer Hospital (FINEP - CT-INFRA, 02/2010), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, 2013/24633-2 and 2103/23277-8), Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Norte (FAPERN), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS), Ministério da Saúde, the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (Avon grant #02-2013-044) and National Institute of Health/National Cancer Institute (grant #RC4 CA153828-01) for the Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network. Support in part was provided by grants from Fundo de Incentivo a Pesquisa e Eventos (FIPE) from Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, BioComputacional 3381/2013, Rede de Pesquisa em Genômica Populacional Humana), Secretaria da Saúde do Estado da Bahia (SESAB), Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular (UFBA), INCT pra Controle do Câncer and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). RMR and PAP are recipients of CNPq Productivity Grants, and Bárbara Alemar received a grant from the same agencyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

From colorectal cancer pattern to the characterization of individuals at risk: Picture for genetic research in Latin America

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in Latin America and the Caribbean, with the highest rates reported for Uruguay, Brazil and Argentina. We provide a global snapshot of the CRC patterns, how screening is performed, and compared/contrasted to the genetic profile of Lynch syndrome (LS) in the region. From the literature, we find that only nine (20%) of the Latin America and the Caribbean countries have developed guidelines for early detection of CRC, and also with a low adherence. We describe a genetic profile of LS, including a total of 2,685 suspected families, where confirmed LS ranged from 8% in Uruguay and Argentina to 60% in Peru. Among confirmed LS, path_MLH1 variants were most commonly identified in Peru (82%), Mexico (80%), Chile (60%), and path_MSH2/EPCAM variants were most frequently identified in Colombia (80%) and Argentina (47%). Path_MSH6 and path_PMS2 variants were less common, but they showed important presence in Brazil (15%) and Chile (10%), respectively. Important differences exist at identifying LS families in Latin American countries, where the spectrum of path_MLH1 and path_MSH2 variants are those most frequently identified. Our findings have an impact on the evaluation of the patients and their relatives at risk for LS, derived from the gene affected. Although the awareness of hereditary cancer and genetic testing has improved in the last decade, it is remains deficient, with 39%–80% of the families not being identified for LS among those who actually met both the clinical criteria for LS and showed MMR deficiency.Fil: Vaccaro, Carlos Alberto. Hospital Italiano; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: López Kostner, Francisco. No especifíca;Fil: Adriana, Della Valle. Hospital Fuerzas Armadas; UruguayFil: Inez Palmero, Edenir. Hospital de cáncer de Barretos, FACISB; BrasilFil: Rossi, Benedito Mauro. Hospital Sirio Libanes; BrasilFil: Antelo, Marina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Lanús; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Solano, Angela Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; ArgentinaFil: Carraro, Dirce Maria. No especifíca;Fil: Forones, Nora Manoukian. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Bohorquez, Mabel. Universidad del Tolima; ColombiaFil: Lino Silva, Leonardo S.. Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia; MéxicoFil: Buleje, Jose. Universidad de San Martín de Porres; PerúFil: Spirandelli, Florencia. No especifíca;Fil: Abe Sandes, Kiyoko. Universidade Federal da Bahia; BrasilFil: Nascimento, Ivana. No especifíca;Fil: Sullcahuaman, Yasser. Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas; Perú. Instituto de Investigación Genomica; PerúFil: Sarroca, Carlos. Hospital Fuerzas Armadas; UruguayFil: Gonzalez, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica - Hospital Italiano. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica.- Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica; ArgentinaFil: Herrando, Alberto Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica - Hospital Italiano. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica.- Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Karin. No especifíca;Fil: Neffa, Florencia. Hospital Fuerzas Armadas; UruguayFil: Galvão, Henrique Camposreis. Barretos Cancer Hospital; BrasilFil: Esperon, Patricia. Hospital Fuerzas Armadas; UruguayFil: Golubicki, Mariano. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Cisterna, Daniel. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Cardoso, Florencia C.. Centro de Educación Medica E Invest.clinicas; ArgentinaFil: Tardin Torrezan, Giovana. No especifíca;Fil: Aguiar Junior, Samuel. No especifíca;Fil: Aparecida Marques Pimenta, Célia. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Nirvana da Cruz Formiga, María. No especifíca;Fil: Santos, Erika. Hospital Sirio Libanes; BrasilFil: Sá, Caroline U.. Hospital Sirio Libanes; BrasilFil: Oliveira, Edite P.. Hospital Sirio Libanes; BrasilFil: Fujita, Ricardo. Universidad de San Martín de Porres; PerúFil: Spirandelli, Enrique. No especifíca;Fil: Jimenez, Geiner. No especifíca;Fil: Santa Cruz Guindalini, Rodrigo. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Gondim Meira Velame de Azevedo, Renata. No especifíca;Fil: Souza Mario Bueno, Larissa. Universidade Federal da Bahia; BrasilFil: dos Santos Nogueira, Sonia Tereza. No especifíca;Fil: Piñero, Tamara Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica - Hospital Italiano. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica.- Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica; Argentin

La renovación de la palabra en el bicentenario de la Argentina : los colores de la mirada lingüística

El libro reúne trabajos en los que se exponen resultados de investigaciones presentadas por investigadores de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, España, Italia y Alemania en el XII Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística (SAL), Bicentenario: la renovación de la palabra, realizado en Mendoza, Argentina, entre el 6 y el 9 de abril de 2010. Las temáticas abordadas en los 167 capítulos muestran las grandes líneas de investigación que se desarrollan fundamentalmente en nuestro país, pero también en los otros países mencionados arriba, y señalan además las áreas que recién se inician, con poca tradición en nuestro país y que deberían fomentarse. Los trabajos aquí publicados se enmarcan dentro de las siguientes disciplinas y/o campos de investigación: Fonología, Sintaxis, Semántica y Pragmática, Lingüística Cognitiva, Análisis del Discurso, Psicolingüística, Adquisición de la Lengua, Sociolingüística y Dialectología, Didáctica de la lengua, Lingüística Aplicada, Lingüística Computacional, Historia de la Lengua y la Lingüística, Lenguas Aborígenes, Filosofía del Lenguaje, Lexicología y Terminología

Biotoxicological Analyses of Trimeroside from Baccharis trimera Using a Battery of In Vitro Test Systems

The use in folk medicine of Baccharis trimera and recent studies on DNA damage by oxidative stress mechanisms have motivated this study. We investigated the biotoxicological effects of trimeroside from this plant. Aqueous extract from aerial parts of B. trimera was fractioned by flash chromatography for further isolation by thin-layer chromatography. The novel nor-monoterpene glycoside, trimeroside, and three flavonoids, cirsimaritin, luteolin and quercetin, were isolated. The genotoxic and mutagenic potential of trimeroside was determined by Salmonella/microsome (TA98 and TA100), comet assay, and cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay (CBMN-cyt) in HepG2 cells. We also screened trimeroside into different human tumoral cell lines by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Mutagenicity was detected in TA100 strain with metabolic activation. Genotoxic effects were not observed in HepG2 by comet assay. However, a decrease in the nuclear index division in the 2.0 mg·mL−1 concentration and an increase of nucleoplasmic bridges in the 1.5 mg·mL−1 concentration were detected by CBMN-cyt assay indicating cytotoxic and mutagenic effects. In SRB assay, trimeroside showed weak antiproliferative activity against the cell lines