PERFIL NUTRICIONAL DE ESTUDANTES DE UMA ESCOLA ESTADUAL MUNICIPALIZADA DE PATY DO ALFERES: UM ESTUDO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO

No Brasil o que se predominava há alguns anos era a desnutrição, já nos dias atuais o que vem crescendo de uma forma acelerada, é o sobrepeso e a obesidade. No município de Paty do Alferes, há adolescentes apresentando fatores de risco que podem desencadear estes distúrbios, este fato nos despertou para o desenvolvimento deste estudo. Objetivos: Conhecer o perfil nutricional de estudantes adolescentes no município de Paty do Alferes. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória de abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram obtidos através da mensuração de medidas antropométricas e preenchimento de formulário. Sendo analisados mediante o cálculo da freqüência da classificação nutricional: magreza acentuada, magreza, eutrofia, sobrepeso, obesidade e obesidade grave, sendo os resultados apresentados em gráficos e tabelas. Resultado: Participaram do estudo 82 adolescentes, sendo 91,5% na faixa etária de 10 a 15 anos e 54,9% do sexo feminino. Foi observado que 56% dos participantes da pesquisa encontram-se eutróficos, 25% sobrepeso e 15% obesos. Em relação ao padrão alimentar 61% relataram fazer mais de 04 refeições por dia, apresentando elevado consumo de frutas (92% dos entrevistados) e doces (96% dos entrevistados). Quanto a prática da atividade física 63% relataram a prática 01 vez por semana. Conclusão: Conclui-se que embora a maioria dos participantes encontram-se eutróficos, há uma preocupação em relação ao alto consumo de doces, prática insuficiente de atividade física, e ingesta inadequada de legumes, pois sabe-se, que estes maus hábitos são fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de sobrepeso e obesidade

An Overview

Funding Information: Funding: This work was supported by FCT–Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (grants UIDB/04567/2020 and UIDP/04567/2020 to CBIOS, PTDC/BIA-MOL/31104/2017, and PhD grants 2020.07813.BD to Í.G. and 2020.04630.BD to D.C.). C.F.-P. and R.M. are funded by FCT Scientific Employment Stimulus contract with the reference numbers CEEC/CBIOS/NUT/2018 and CEEC/04567/CBIOS/2020, respectively. Authors also acknowledge COFAC/ILIND–Cooperativa De Formação E Animação Cultural CRL/Instituto Lusófono de Investigação e Desenvolvimento (grant COFAC/ILIND/CBIOS/2/2021). Authors also acknowledge the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 804229. iNOVA4Health Research Unit (LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007344), which is co-funded by FCT/Ministério da Ciência e do Ensino Superior, through national funds, and by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement.Kidney diseases constitute a worldwide public health problem, contributing to morbidity and mortality. The present study aimed to provide an overview of the published data regarding the potential beneficial effects of polyphenols on major kidney diseases, namely acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, renal cancer, and drug-induced nephrotoxicity. This study consists of a bibliographical review including in vitro and in vivo studies dealing with the effects of individual compounds. An analysis of the polyphenol metabolome in human urine was also conducted to estimate those compounds that are most likely to be responsible for the kidney protective effects of polyphenols. The biological effects of polyphenols can be highly attributed to the modulation of specific signaling cascades including those involved in oxidative stress responses, anti-inflammation processes, and apoptosis. There is increasing evidence that polyphenols afford great potential in renal disease protection. However, this evidence (especially when in vitro studies are involved) should be considered with caution before its clinical translation, particularly due to the unfavorable pharmacokinetics and extensive metabolization that polyphenols undergo in the human body. Future research should consider polyphenols and their metabolites that indeed reach kidney tissues.publishersversionpublishe

In silico analysis of cytochrome p450 genes involved in the metabolism of diterpenes in Coffea.

Brazil is the largest world producer and exporter of coffee, being also the second largest consumer market. Among the main goals of coffee breeders, studies aiming the improvement of cup quality and plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses have extreme importance. Beverage nutraceutical properties and plant defense mechanisms are directly linked to diterpenes present in the lipid fraction of coffee beans, such as cafestol (Caf ) and caveol (Cav). Many members of P 450 gene family are involved in plant secondary metabolism, including diterpenes synthesis. In order to depict biochemical and genetic aspects of diterpenes byosinthesis, we did an in silico characterization of p450 gene family in Coffea spp., and we also quantified Caf and Cav in coffee fruit tissues for further gene expression studies involving diterpens metabolism. Using keyword and Blast search, 1396 ESTs related to Cyt p450 were selected from the Brazilian Coffee Genome Project (http://www.lge.ibi. unicamp.br/cafe). After assembling, we observed 157 putative unigenes, distributed in 92 contigs and 65 singlets. The contigs were analyzed using BLAST X versus public sequences databases (GenBank and Harvest Coffea), confirming their identity to 91 Cyt P450 genes. Expression profiles were inferred by electronic Northern blot of all contigs, allowing the selection of 7 candidate genes for transcriptional analysis based in fruit cDNA library expression. Caf and Cav were measured using HPLC in two different fruit developmental stages: 90 DAF (Days After Flowering) vs 120 DAF and in fruits (120 DAF) treated with 2?M methyl Jasmonate (MJ). Fruits at 120 DAF had an increase of 42% in Cav and 19% in Caf levels in relation to 90DAF fruits. MJ treatment resulted in samples with an average increase of 18% of Cav and 35% of Caf. RNAs were extracted from these samples for future transcriptional analyses. This study establish a platform for expression analysis of cyt P450 candidate genes in RNA samples from tissues with contrasting accumulation of Cav and Caf. (Texte intégral

Comparative analysis of two complete Corynebacterium ulcerans genomes and detection of candidate virulence factors

Trost E, Al-Dilaimi A, Papavasiliou P, et al. Comparative analysis of two complete Corynebacterium ulcerans genomes and detection of candidate virulence factors. BMC Genomics. 2011;12(1): 383.ABSTRACT: Corynebacterium ulcerans has been detected as a commensal in domestic and wild animals that may serve as reservoirs for zoonotic infections. During the last decade, the frequency and severity of human infections associated with C. ulcerans appear to be increasing in various countries. As the knowledge of genes contributing to the virulence of this bacterium was very limited, the complete genome sequences of two C. ulcerans strains detected in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro were determined and characterized by comparative genomics: C. ulcerans 809 was initially isolated from an elderly woman with fatal pulmonary infection and C. ulcerans BR-AD22 was recovered from a nasal sample of an asymptomatic dog. The circular chromosome of C. ulcerans 809 has a total size of 2,502,095 bp and encodes 2,182 predicted proteins, whereas the genome of C. ulcerans BR-AD22 is 104,279 bp larger and comprises 2,338 protein-coding regions. The minor difference in size of the two genomes is mainly caused by additional prophage-like elements in the C. ulcerans BR-AD22 chromosome. Both genomes show a highly similar order of orthologous coding regions; and both strains share a common set of 2,076 genes, demonstrating their very close relationship. A screening for prominent virulence factors revealed the presence of phospholipase D (Pld), neuraminidase H (NanH), endoglycosidase E (EndoE), and subunits of adhesive pili of the SpaDEF type that are encoded in both C. ulcerans genomes. The rbp gene coding for a putative ribosome-binding protein with striking structural similarity to Shiga-like toxins was additionally detected in the genome of the human isolate C. ulcerans 809. The molecular data deduced from the complete genome sequences provides considerable knowledge of virulence factors in C. ulcerans that is increasingly recognized as an emerging pathogen. This bacterium is apparently equipped with a broad and varying set of virulence factors, including a novel type of a ribosome-binding protein. Whether the respective protein contributes to the severity of human infections (and a fatal outcome) remains to be elucidated by genetic experiments with defined bacterial mutants and host model systems

The “Hypertension Approaches in the Elderly: a Lifestyle study” multicenter, randomized trial (HAEL Study): rationale and methodological protocol

Background: Hypertension is a clinical condition highly prevalent in the elderly, imposing great risks to cardiovascular diseases and loss of quality of life. Current guidelines emphasize the importance of nonpharmacological strategies as a first-line approach to lower blood pressure. Exercise is an efficient lifestyle tool that can benefit a myriad of health-related outcomes, including blood pressure control, in older adults. We herein report the protocol of the HAEL Study, which aims to evaluate the efficacy of a pragmatic combined exercise training compared with a health education program on ambulatory blood pressure and other health-related outcomes in older individuals. Methods: Randomized, single-blinded, multicenter, two-arm, parallel, superiority trial. A total of 184 subjects (92/center), ≥60 years of age, with no recent history of cardiovascular events, will be randomized on a 1:1 ratio to 12-week interventions consisting either of a combined exercise (aerobic and strength) training, three times per week, or an active-control group receiving health education intervention, once a week. Ambulatory (primary outcome) and office blood pressures, cardiorespiratory fitness and endothelial function, together with quality of life, functional fitness and autonomic control will be measured in before and after intervention. Discussion: Our conceptual hypothesis is that combined training intervention will reduce ambulatory blood pressure in comparison with health education group. Using a superiority framework, analysis plan prespecifies an intention-to-treat approach, per protocol criteria, subgroups analysis, and handling of missing data. The trial is recruiting since September 2017. Finally, this study was designed to adhere to data sharing practices. Trial registration: NCT03264443. Registered on 29 August, 2017

Improving the phototoxicity of the zinc phthalocyanine by encapsulation in nanoparticles: preparation, characterization and phototherapy studies

Nanoparticles are widely utilized to overcome drugs insolubility problems and sustain release improving the bioavailability. Zinc phthalocyanine, a hydrophobic photosensitizer with solubility problems, was loaded in PLA nanoparticles. Photosensitizer loaded in polymeric nanoparticles was produced with the following characteristics: size in the 200-300 nm range, negative zeta potential (-15 to -19 mV), low polydispersity index (2 ) or incubation time (2 to 4 h). The phototoxicity of the zinc phthalocyanine was improved by encapsulation in nanoparticles and this nanocarrier is a promising delivery system for photodynamic therapy use.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Recruitment methods and yield rates in a clinical trial of physical exercise for older adults with hypertension—HAEL Study: a study within a trial

Background: Although the prevalence of hypertension is high in older adults, clinical trial recruitment is a challenge. Our main aim was to describe the HAEL Study recruitment methods and yield rates. The secondary objectives were to explore the reasons for exclusion and to describe the characteristics of the enrolled participants. Methods: This is a descriptive study within a trial. The HAEL Study was a Brazilian randomized two-center, parallel trial with an estimated sample of 184 participants. The recruitment strategy was based on four methods: electronic health records, word of mouth, print and electronic flyer, and press media. The yield rate was the ratio of the number of participants who underwent randomization to the total number of volunteers screened, calculated for overall, per recruitment method, by study center and by age group and sex. Additionally, we described the reasons for exclusion in the screening phase, as well as the demographic characteristics of those enrolled. The data are presented in absolute/relative frequencies and mean ± standard deviation. Results: A total of 717 individuals were screened, and 168 were randomized over 32 months. The yield rate was higher for word of mouth (30.1%) in the overall sample. However, press media contributed the most (39.9%) to the absolute number of participants randomized in the trial. The coordinating center and participating center differed in methods with the highest yield ratios and absolute numbers of randomized participants. The main reason for exclusion in the screening phase was due to the physically active status in those intending to participate in the study (61.5%). Out of 220 participants included, 52 were excluded mainly because they did not meet the eligibility criteria (26.9%). Most of the screened volunteers were women (60.2%) age 60–69 years (59.5%), and most of the randomized participants were Caucasian/white (78.0%). Conclusions: Multiple recruitment methods constituted effective strategies. We observed that approximately one of every four individuals screened was allocated to an intervention group. Even so, there were limitations in obtaining a representative sample of older Brazilian adults with hypertension. Data show an underrepresentation of race and age groups

Maximal oxygen uptake is underestimated during incremental testing in hypertensive older adults: findings from the HAEL study

Purpose: The present cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether a maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) verification phase (VER) could improve the accuracy of a previous graded exercise test (GXT) to assess individual VO2max in hypertensive individuals. Methods: Thirtythree older adults with hypertension (24 women) taking part in the Hypertension Approaches in the Elderly Study (NCT03264443) were recruited. Briefly, after performing a treadmill GXT to exhaustion, participants rested for 10 min and underwent a multistage VER to confirm GXT results. Individual VO2max, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), maximal heart rate (HRmax), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured during both GXT and VER tests. Mean values were compared between bouts using paired sample t-tests and VO2max was also compared between GXT and VER on an individual basis. Results: Testing was well tolerated by all participants. Both absolute (p=0.011) and relative (p=0.014) VO2max values were higher in VER than in GXT. RER (p<0.001) and RPE (p=0.002) were lower in VER, whereas HRmax (p=0.286) was not different between the two trials. Individual VO2max comparisons revealed that 54.6% of the participants (18/33) achieved a VO2max value that was ≥3% during VER (mean: 13.5%, range: from +3% to +22.1%, ES=0.062), whereas 87.9% (29/33) of the tests would have been validated as a maximal effort if the classic criteria were employed (i.e. VO2 plateau or at least two secondary criteria). Conclusion: In sedentary older individuals with hypertension, GXT to exhaustion underestimated VO2max in more than half of tested participants, even when established but criticized criteria were used to confirm whether a maximal effort was attained. Employing VER after GXT is a quick approach to assist with the verification of an individual’s VO2max

A visão do envelhecimento, da velhice e do idoso veiculada por livros infanto-juvenis

Este estudo, de abordagem qualitativa e tipo descritivo-exploratório, analisa a visão do envelhecimento veiculada por livros infanto-juvenis. O caminho metodológico foi permeado pela seleção, aquisição e análise, utilizando-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo categorial por temática, de livros nacionais recomendados pelo Programa Nacional Biblioteca da Escola (PNBE), publicados entre 2003 e 2012, tendo em seu enredo a menção ao idoso e/ou à velhice e/ou ao envelhecimento de seres humanos. Identificaram-se duas grandes categorias temáticas, compostas por subcategorias: 1) aspectos biológicos na velhice, com as subcategorias senescência versus senilidade e mitos relacionados aos aspectos físicos dos idosos; e 2) aspectos psicossociais na velhice, com as subcategorias conhecimento e experiência de vida do idoso, intergeracionalidade, autorrealização na velhice, isolamento social, mitos relacionados à velhice e morte na velhice. Os resultados procuram contribuir para uma melhor utilização dos livros infanto-juvenis no processo educativo a respeito do tema envelhecimento, não só em termos de cidadania e civilidade como também em termos de educação em saúde