Family Values, Social Capital and Contradictions of American Modernity

Contemporary American social and political discourses have integrated concerns about family values into the realm of debates about the associational life of social capital. In these discussions, theoretical and historical confusions about the relations between family and civil society run rampant. In this article, I first bring theoretical clarity to these social structures and the type of relations upon which they are predicated and, second, briefly historicize the relationships between an American idea of family and civil society. By tracing changes in popular understandings of family and civil society, I demonstrate that the modern family values movement spurns its Victorian roots by maintaining the nostalgic language for a life and family of old built around a Christian home, while embracing means and institutions, and even more importantly, a form of family, which belies the nostalgia. The family has now become an institution or association which can be sustained through instrumental interventions; it is no longer to do with the organic relations of sentiment remaining from some long-faded Gemeinschaft. The family and the Christian home ideal, which were at the center of American critiques of modernization, have ceased to be.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

(Bio)ética e Estratégia Saúde da Família: mapeando problemas

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma investigação dirigida ao delineamento dos principais problemas (bio)éticos identificados pelos membros das equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) do município de Viçosa (MG). Trata-se de estudo com abordagem qualitativa, situando-se no campo da pesquisa social. A investigação foi realizada por meio da aplicação de questionário semiestruturado com perguntas abertas e fechadas aos profissionais - médicos, profissionais de enfermagem e agentes comunitários de saúde - que atuam na ESF. Realizouse a apreciação das respostas pela técnica de análise de conteúdo - mais especificamente, sua modalidade temática -, em razão de sua adequação à investigação qualitativa na área da saúde. Participaram da investigação 73 profissionais de 15 equipes da ESF. Observou-se que grande parte dos entrevistados tinha dificuldade para identificar problemas de cunho (bio)ético em seu processo de trabalho. Ainda assim, foi possível categorizar cinco grandes grupos de problemas (bio)éticos vivenciados pelas equipes: os relacionados à desigualdade de acesso aos serviços de saúde; os relacionados à relação ensino-trabalho-comunidade; os relacionados ao sigilo e à confidencialidade; os relacionados aos conflitos entre equipe e usuários; e os relacionados aos conflitos entre membros da equipe. Conclui-se que, mesmo que aparentemente mais sutis - se comparados às questões (bio)éticas que se passam nas instituições hospitalares -, existem situações de conflitos morais atinentes ao âmbito da atenção primária à saúde que corroem o processo de trabalho e o alcance da promoção da integralidade do cuidado

Revisión. Tipos de gestión y producción de las granjas de ganado vacuno lechero relacionados con la presencia de Listeria monocytogenes en la leche y la carne

Human listeriosis is a severe foodborne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes. It is a zoonosis that represents a significant concern for the food industry due to the high mortality rate it causes and the fact that the organism is capable of growing at refrigeration temperatures. Dairy products and ready-to-eat meats are among the foods most often involved in listeriosis outbreaks. Listeria is a common contaminant in the dairy environment, both on the farm and in the processing plant. The main sources of L. monocytogenes in dairy farms are manure and improperly fermented silage. If silage crops are grown on contaminated land, a new cycle of silage contamination and faecal shedding by ruminants that consume such silage may ensue. High loads of L. monocytogenes produced in farm environments may thus represent a primary source for the introduction of this pathogen into the human food supply chain; dairy cows would represent a reservoir for the bacterium, and raw milk and beef would represent the main vehicles for its transmission from dairy farms to humans. Even if contamination originates in post-processing environments, contaminated raw foods may still represent a vehicle for introducing L. monocytogenes into food processing plants.Molecular typing methods have confirmed that common strains of L. monocytogenes are present in dairy farm-associated isolates and isolates from both human epidemic and sporadic cases. Pre-harvest (on-farm) control of listeriosis should be basedmainlyon the control of manure, silage, herd health and milking practices.La listeriosis humana es una grave enfermedad transmitida por alimentos y causada por Listeria monocytogenes. Se trata de una zoonosis que supone una gran preocupación para la industria alimentaria debido a su alta tasa de mortalidad y al hecho de que el microorganismo es capaz de crecer a temperaturas de refrigeración. Listeria es un contaminante habitual en las granjas y plantas de productos lácteos. En las granjas las fuentes principales de L. monocytogenes son el estiércol y los ensilados mal fermentados. Si la cosecha utilizada para producir ensilados procede de campos contaminados, puede comenzar un nuevo ciclo de contaminación de los ensilados y liberación del patógeno en las heces de los animales. El ganado vacuno lechero representa uno de los principales reservorios de este microorganismo y la leche y la carne representarían los principales vehículos para su transmisión desde la granja de producción de leche al ser humano. Incluso cuando la contaminación del alimento procede de etapas posteriores al procesado, los alimentos crudos contaminados también representan uno de los vehículos de entrada de L. monocytogenes en las plantas de procesado de alimentos. Los métodos de tipificación molecular han confirmado que en las granjas de ganado vacuno lechero existen cepas de L. monocytogenes idénticas a las cepas responsables de casos esporádicos y epidémicos de listeriosis humana. El control de la listeriosis en las granjas de producción de leche ha de basarse fundamentalmente en el control del estiércol, los ensilados, la salud de los animales y las prácticas de ordeño

Dairy farm management and production practices associated with the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in raw milk and beef

Human listeriosis is a severe foodborne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes. It is a zoonosis that represents a significant concern for the food industry due to the high mortality rate it causes and the fact that the organism is capable of growing at refrigeration temperatures. Dairy products and ready-to-eat meats are among the foods most often involved in listeriosis outbreaks. Listeria is a common contaminant in the dairy environment, both on the farm and in the processing plant. The main sources of L. monocytogenes in dairy farms are manure and improperly fermented silage. If silage crops are grown on contaminated land, a new cycle of silage contamination and faecal shedding by ruminants that consume such silage may ensue. High loads of L. monocytogenes produced in farm environments may thus represent a primary source for the introduction of this pathogen into the human food supply chain; dairy cows would represent a reservoir for the bacterium, and raw milk and beef would represent the main vehicles for its transmission from dairy farms to humans. Even if contamination originates in post-processing environments, contaminated raw foods may still represent a vehicle for introducing L. monocytogenes into food processing plants. Molecular typing methods have confirmed that common strains of L. monocytogenes are present in dairy farm-associated isolates and isolates from both human epidemic and sporadic cases. Pre-harvest (on-farm) control of listeriosis should be based mainly on the control of manure, silage, herd health and milking practices