Editorial

Recebida com entusiasmo pelo avanço científico que representa e pela possibilidade de revolucionar a prevenção do câncer do colo do útero, a vacina anti-HPV precisa ser avaliada com olhar mais cuidadoso. Liberada para comercialização no país pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), em agosto de 2006, a vacina destina-se a quatro entre as dezenas de subtipos do vírus HPV. Os primeiros testes mostram uma elevadíssima eficácia contra os subtipos 16 e 18, associados a 70% dos casos de câncer do colo do útero. No entanto, embora relevante, esta é apenas uma peça de um complexo quebra-cabeça

Dia Nacional de Combate ao Fumo: um Marco para o Controle do Tabagismo no Brasil

Ao longo dos últimos 25 anos, o controle do tabagismo no Brasil tem sido calcado centralmente em medidas educativas e legislativas. E o marco inaugural desse movimento foi a instituição do Dia Nacional de Combate ao Fumo, a primeira contribuição do Congresso Nacional para o controle do tabagismo no Brasil, por meio da Lei Federal nº 7.488, de junho de 1986. Em 2011, ano do 25º aniversário da Lei, nada mais apropriado do que apresentar o tema com uma edição especial da Revista Brasileira de Cancerologia (RBC), exclusivamente voltada ao tabagismo. Aqui, o leitor encontrará 11 artigos originais, sendo dois deles de conteúdo histórico; um de opinião; três de revisão e uma resenha. Revista essa que também será produzida em inglês e distribuída na 15th World Conference on Tobacco or Health, de 20 a 24 de março de 2012, em Cingapura

CULTURA VIVA: NOVOS ATORES NA CENA POLÍTICA BRASILEIRA

O artigo busca apresentar e discutir a emergência de agentes juvenis e de movimentos sócio-culturais que surgem como consequência de políticas culturais implementadas a partir do governo Lula e da gestão de Gilberto Gil no Ministério da Cultura, especialmente do Programa Cultura Viva e dos Pontos de Cultura, tomando como estudo pontual o projeto Ponto de Cultura Niterói Oceânico. Examina a construção de um movimento social de novo tipo que emerge a partir do campo das políticas culturai

Effect of root canal preparation, type of endodontic post and mechanical cycling on root fracture strength

Objective: To evaluate the impact of the type of root canal preparation, intraradicular post and mechanical cycling on the fracture strength of roots. Material and Methods: eighty human single rooted teeth were divided into 8 groups according to the instruments used for root canal preparation (manual or rotary instruments), the type of intraradicular post (fiber posts- FRC and cast post and core- CPC) and the use of mechanical cycling (MC) as follows: Manual and FRC; Manual, FRC and MC; Manual and CPC; Manual, CPC and MC; Rotary and FRC; Rotary, FRC and MC; Rotary and CPC; Rotary, CPC and MC. The filling was performed by lateral compactation. All root canals were prepared for a post with a 10 mm length, using the custom #2 bur of the glass fiber post system. For mechanical cycling, the protocol was applied as follows: an angle of incidence of 45°, 37°C, 88 N, 4 Hz, 2 million pulses. All groups were submitted to fracture strength test in a 45° device with 1 mm/ min cross-head speed until failure occurred. Results: The 3-way ANOVA showed that the root canal preparation strategy (

Governance and Social Network: Analysis in Cooperatives of Small Citrus Producers in the São Paulo State, Brazil

The purpose of this paper is to investigate if the network governance structure adopted by small producers’ citrus cooperatives has allowed the reduction of risks in transactions, ex-ante (adverse selection) and ex-post (moral hazard), and the problems of opportunism downstream and upstream of the production chain. The planned methodological procedure included the structuring and research of two case studies in cooperatives of small orange producers in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, comprising a sample of 35 cooperative members surveyed between the two cooperatives analyzed. The analyzes were supported by the Transaction Cost Economics and Social Network approaches. Results indicate the importance of the cooperatives and their network format, as economic agents, in maintaining small producers in the citrus industry activity, allowing the reduction of risks in transactions and the problems of opportunism, downstream and upstream of the chain. It was verified the academic contribution and theoretical reinforcement brought by this study - through the empirical surveys and results produced - to the theory of hybrid governance formats, which lacks empirical support and greater analytical strengthening on the part of the academy, according to its own authors. It is suggested, for future analysis, the use of the network governance approach aimed at strengthening the class of small producers of other agribusiness cultures, also using the theoretical basis belonging to NIE, TCE and Networks. The continuity of analyzes based on relational governance, with institutional and transactional economics as a basis, represents not only academic documentation and support for small rural producers of different cultures, but also the guarantee of theoretical robustness to a structure that is still incipient in historical terms, which finds in Brazilian agribusiness a fertile ground for its development and materialization

Effect of root canal preparation, type of endodontic post and mechanical cycling on root fracture strength

Objective: To evaluate the impact of the type of root canal preparation, intraradicular post and mechanical cycling on the fracture strength of roots. Material and Methods: eighty human single rooted teeth were divided into 8 groups according to the instruments used for root canal preparation (manual or rotary instruments), the type of intraradicular post (fiber posts- FRC and cast post and core- CPC) and the use of mechanical cycling (MC) as follows: Manual and FRC; Manual, FRC and MC; Manual and CPC; Manual, CPC and MC; Rotary and FRC; Rotary, FRC and MC; Rotary and CPC; Rotary, CPC and MC. The filling was performed by lateral compactation. All root canals were prepared for a post with a 10 mm length, using the custom #2 bur of the glass fiber post system. For mechanical cycling, the protocol was applied as follows: an angle of incidence of 45°, 37°C, 88 N, 4 Hz, 2 million pulses. All groups were submitted to fracture strength test in a 45° device with 1 mm/ min cross-head speed until failure occurred. Results: The 3-way ANOVA showed that the root canal preparation strategy (

Aggregation Index in Representative Soils of the Paraiba State: Brazil in Different Stages of Pedological Development

The stability of soil aggregates is an important physical parameter as it mainly influences the flow of water and air in the soil. In this sence, the research aimed to determine the stability aggregates index in six representative soil classes in the Paraíba State-Brazil at different stages of pedological development. The soil classes analyzed is localized on the Microregions of the Curimataú Occidental (Ferrasol, Planosol, Leptosol, Arenosol) and Brejo Paraibano (Acrisol, Lixisol), on the Paraíba state, Brazil. At depths of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-20 cm was collected three undeformed soil samples were collected per mini trench (one per depth), making a total of 15 samples per soil class and 90 total samples.  In each soil class was analysed: chemical parameters, granulometrics parameters, stability of agregates,  Weighted average diameter via wet sieving (DMPAu) and Weighted average diameter via dry sieving (DMPAs); agregate stability index (IEA). For the conditions that research was developed can conclude that: The IEA values tended to increase with clay contents in all soil classes; Among the less developed soils, the IEA values were better in the  Planosol soil, denoting that there is a probable relationship with the low contents of K, Na and Al; In the more developed soils, the high values of Na and Al may have contributed to the lower IEA in the PVd, while the lower values may have contributed to the higher IEA in Ferrasol and Lixisol soils

Kasugamycin influence on bacterial blight of coffee and on green coffee beans physicochemical quality

Brazil stands out as the world’s largest coffee exporter. However, in the cold and windy regions, such as the southern of Minas Gerais, have been undergoing attack of diseases, including the bacterial blight of coffee caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae, which despite not having the same importance as the coffee leaf rust, is causing damages and losses to the coffee plantation. The control is mainly done through preventive measures such as installation of windbreaks. When bacterial blight of coffee is already installed, the chemical control is used with syrups of copper-based products and antibiotics. The aim of the present study was to verify the efficiency of the antibiotic kasugamycin associated with copper hydroxide in the control of bacterial blight of coffee and raw coffee beans quality. The experimental design was a randomized block with five treatments, four replicates and plots of 10 plants in the field where the treatments consisted of different concentrations of the kasugamycin: 0.0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mL ha-1 added with 1.0 L copper hydroxide. The percent analysis was performed on the raw beans in order to verify their physical and chemical quality. The obtained results demonstrate that the solution is efficient in the control of bacterial blight of coffee as well as in the improvement of vegetative vigor and production, but does not influence the quality of raw coffee bean