Integrating Phylogenetic and Network Approaches to Study Gene Family Evolution: The Case of the \u3ci\u3eAGAMOUS\u3c/i\u3e Family of Floral Genes

The study of gene family evolution has benefited from the use of phylogenetic tools, which can greatly inform studies of both relationships within gene families and functional divergence. Here, we propose the use of a network-based approach that in combination with phylogenetic methods can provide additional support for models of gene family evolution. We dissect the contributions of each method to the improved understanding of relationships and functions within the well-characterized family of AGAMOUS floral development genes. The results obtained with the two methods largely agreed with one another. In particular, we show how network approaches can provide improved interpretations of branches with low support in a conventional gene tree. The network approach used here may also better reflect known and suspected patterns of functional divergence relative to phylogenetic methods. Overall, we believe that the combined use of phylogenetic and network tools provide a more robust assessment of gene family evolution

Integrating Phylogenetic and Network Approaches to Study Gene Family Evolution: The Case of the \u3ci\u3eAGAMOUS\u3c/i\u3e Family of Floral Genes

The study of gene family evolution has benefited from the use of phylogenetic tools, which can greatly inform studies of both relationships within gene families and functional divergence. Here, we propose the use of a network-based approach that in combination with phylogenetic methods can provide additional support for models of gene family evolution. We dissect the contributions of each method to the improved understanding of relationships and functions within the well-characterized family of AGAMOUS floral development genes. The results obtained with the two methods largely agreed with one another. In particular, we show how network approaches can provide improved interpretations of branches with low support in a conventional gene tree. The network approach used here may also better reflect known and suspected patterns of functional divergence relative to phylogenetic methods. Overall, we believe that the combined use of phylogenetic and network tools provide a more robust assessment of gene family evolution

Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae, Phyllodytes punctatus Caramaschi and Peixoto, 2004: distribution extension and first record out of the type locality

This article provides a new record of Phyllodytes punctatus in Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana, municipality of Areia Branca, Sergipe, northeast Brazil. This point is the first record after the description of the species

Análise da Vulnerabilidade do DSA com Parâmetros Curtos

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo que identifica os pontosvulneráveis do Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) mediante o uso de parâmetros curtos. A segurança afetada com a redução de seus parâmetros será discutida

Integrated Tools for American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Surveillance and Control: Intervention in an Endemic Area in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is a focal disease whose surveillance and control require complex actions. The present study aimed to apply integrated tools related to entomological surveillance, environmental management, and health education practices in an ACL-endemic area in Rio de Janeiro city, RJ, Brazil. The distribution of the disease, the particular characteristics of the localities, and entomological data were used as additional information about ACL determinants. Environmental management actions were evaluated after health education practices. The frequency of ACL vectors Lutzomyia (N.) intermedia and L. migonei inside and outside houses varied according to environment characteristics, probably influenced by the way of life of the popular groups. In this kind of situation environmental management and community mobilization become essential, as they help both specialists and residents create strategies that can interfere in the dynamics of vector’s population and the contact between man and vectors

First record of Siphonops paulensis Boettger, 1892 (Gymnophiona: Siphonopidae) in the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil

Siphonopidae is represented by 25 caecilians species in South America. In Brazil, Siphonops paulensis is found in the states of Maranhão, Rio Grande do Norte, Bahia, Tocantins, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, and in the Distrito Federal. Herein, we report the first record of Siphonops paulensis in the state of Sergipe, Brazil, Simão Dias municipality. This record significantly expands the distribution of the species in northeastern Brazil

Programa de trainee: um fator de atração para novos talentos na EBBA em Teresina (PI) / The trainee program (TMP) for the development of talent in the EBBA in Teresina (PI)

A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo geral, compreender a importância do programa de trainee (PGT) para o desenvolvimento de talentos na EBBA em Teresina-PI. Desse modo, o trabalho trata-se de um estudo de caso, definido como exploratório, descritivo e qualitativo em uma pesquisa de campo. Foi aplicado um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado junto a Gestora de RH da referida empresa e um trainee da organização. Posto isso, a pesquisa verificou o processo de recrutamento externo e seleção dos candidatos ao PGT. Dessa maneira, a pesquisa identificou os fatores que influenciam na escolha dos candidatos a participar do programa de trainee (PGT). Além disso, descrevem-se aqui as vantagens e desvantagens do PGT. Com base nos resultados alcançados ficaram expostos os meios pelos quais os jovens qualificados conseguem entrar no empreendimento para assumirem cargos de liderança na EBBA, destacando-se os tipos de provas e as características que se sobressaem entre candidatos

INFLUENCE OF Urochloa brizantha ON THE GROWTH AND NUTRITIONAL ABSORPTION OF TREE SPECIES

Influence of Urochloa brizantha on the growth and nutritional absorption of tree species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of Urochloa brizantha var. Marandu on the growth and accumulation of macronutrients in the leaves of Cordia trichotoma and Guarea guidonia. Seedlings of tree species were transplanted to 18-liter pots and kept free of U. brizantha for three months. After that period, three treatments were adopted that consisted of the control (T0), two plants of U. brizantha per pot (T2) and four plants of U. brizantha per pot (T4). Growth and nutrient accumulation of tree species were evaluated after 84 days of coexistence with U. brizantha. The increment in diameter, of both tree species, leaf area and shoot dry matter of G. guidonia were significantly affected by the presence of U. brizantha, compared to the control. Significant differences were observed for the accumulation of potassium and magnesium in the leaves of C. trichotoma.

Differentially Regulated Orthologs in Sorghum and the Subgenomes of Maize

Identifying interspecies changes in gene regulation, one of the two primary sources of phenotypic variation, is challenging on a genome-wide scale. The use of paired time-course data on cold-responsive gene expression in maize (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) allowed us to identify differentially regulated orthologs. While the majority of cold-responsive transcriptional regulation of conserved gene pairs is species specific, the initial transcriptional responses to cold appear to be more conserved than later responses. In maize, the promoters of genes with conserved transcriptional responses to cold tend to contain more micrococcal nuclease hypersensitive sites in their promoters, a proxy for open chromatin. Genes with conserved patterns of transcriptional regulation between the two species show lower ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions. Genes involved in lipid metabolism, known to be involved in cold acclimation, tended to show consistent regulation in both species. Genes with species-specific cold responses did not cluster in particular pathways nor were they enriched in particular functional categories. We propose that cold-responsive transcriptional regulation in individual species may not be a reliable marker for function, while a core set of genes involved in perceiving and responding to cold stress are subject to functionally constrained cold-responsive regulation across the grass tribe Andropogoneae