Análise metabolômica de linhagens de melanócitos e melanomas de origem humana e murina

Orientador : Prof. Dr. Guilherme L. SassakiCo-orientadores : Profª. Drª. Sheila Maria B. Winnischofer, Dr. Lauro Mera de SouzaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências : Bioquímica. Defesa: Curitiba, 25/02/2013Inclui referênciasResumo: Biomarcadores capazes de diferenciar células tumorigênicas de não tumorigênicas são importantes, mas ainda existem em quantidades restritivas. Neste estudo, análises de RMN 2D do tipo HSQC-ed forneceram fingerprints dos extratos lipídicos obtidos de linhagens de melanoma humano, representando diferentes estágios de tumorigênese (RGP, VGP e MET), e linhagens de melanócitos e de melanoma de origem murina. Em relação às linhagens murinas, técnicas de análise multivariada demonstraram que o uso de agentes mitogênicos, como ésteres de forbol, podem influenciar significativamente o perfil lipidômico da linhagem de melanócitos, tornando-o mais semelhante ao perfil de linhagens de células mais proliferativas. Extratos aquosos também foram estudados e os metabólitos que mais influenciaram na discriminação entre as linhagens foram quantificados, esses dados, em conjunto com os obtidos da fração lipídica, permitiram caracterizar o metaboloma destas linhagens. A composição de ácidos graxos das linhagens celulares, analisada por GC-MS, foi diferenciada principalmente pelas proporções de ácidos graxos C14:0 e C16:0, em maior quantidade na linhagem de melanoma murino, e C18:1, presente em maior proporção na linhagem de melanócitos murina. Porém, a diferenciação das linhagens foi fortemente influenciada pelos metabólitos de baixo peso molecular creatina e creatinina. Análises de expressão gênica confirmaram que a via bioquímica deste metabólito está alterada entre as linhagens celulares. O lipidoma das linhagens de melanoma humano revelou que os ácidos graxos C14:0, C16:1, C18:0 e C20:4 aumentaram sua proporção nas linhagens com maior potencial tumorigênico (VGP e MET). Análises de GC-MS e de componentes principais apontaram derivados de inositol como os principais contribuintes para a diferenciação das linhagens, e análises de RMN 2D confirmaram que os níveis de lipídeos da classe dos fosfatidilinositóis possuem uma relação direta com o potencial tumorigênico das 3 linhagens de células de melanoma humanas analisadas. Os resultados demonstram que perfis lipidômicos podem ser utilizados para diferenciar linhagens de melanócitos de melanoma e também linhagens de melanomas em diferentes estágios de progressão do tumor, e a combinação das técnicas desenvolvidas pode fornecer novos métodos de diagnóstico e classificação deste carcinoma.Abstract: Biomarkers that discriminate tumorigenic from normal cells are important but limited. In the present study, 2D HSQC-ed NMR lipid maps from human melanoma cell lines, having distinct tumorigenic potential (RGP, VGP and MET) and mouse melanocytes and melanoma cell lines were obtained. Regarding the mouse cell lines, we revealed through principal component analysis that the use of mitogenic agents, such as phorbol esters, can markedly influence the lipid profile of the melanocyte cell line, resembling the pattern of the most proliferative cell lines. Aqueous extracts were also characterized, and the metabolites that most indicated discrimination between the cell lines were quantified, allowing to characterize the metabolomic profile of the cell lines. The cell lines had different fatty acid compositions, as confirmed through GC-MS analysis, the melanocyte containing a lower proportion of C14:0 and C16:0, the opposite occurring with C18:1, when compared with the melanoma cell line, but the differentiation was mostly influenced to small-molecule metabolites: creatine and creatinine. Gene expression analysis confirmed that the synthetic pathway of these metabolites was altered between the cell lines. The human melanoma lipidome showed a fatty acid composition with C14:0, C16:1, C18:0 and C20:4 having a higher proportion on the VGP and MET cell lines than in RGP. Multivariate and GC-MS analysis pointed out inositol derivatives as main contributors to the differentiation of the cells, and 2D NMR analysis established that the levels of phosphoinositol derivatives are related to the carcinogenic stage of the 3 cell lines. These results demonstrate that lipidomic profiles were capable to discriminate melanocytes from melanoma cells and even melanomas on distinct tumorigenic stages. The combination of the applied techniques could be an efficient and convenient tool for early diagnosis and screening of melanoma disease

Comparing Text Mining Algorithms for Predicting Irregularities in Public Accounts

Information systems that support public sector daily activities generate large data sets. As a large proportion of the data in these data sets are text, Text Mining can play an important role in deriving potentially useful and previously unknown information. The overall goal of this paper is evaluate the performance and quality of three text mining classification algorithms applied to detect irregularities in public sector records. To evaluate the algorithms, a tool was designed and a case study was carried out at the Court of Accounts of Sergipe. Performance and Quality metrics were evaluated: mean execution time, accuracy, precision, coverage and F-measure. The results show that the multinomial naive bayes algorithm using inverse document frequency was the best approach to find evidences of travel reimbursement irregularities

Rhamnogalacturonan, a chemically-defined polysaccharide, improves intestinal barrier function in DSS-induced colitis in mice and human Caco-2 cells

Natural polysaccharides have emerged as an important class of bioactive compounds due their beneficial biological effects. Here we investigated the protective and healing effects of rhamnogalacturonan (RGal) isolated from Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen leaves in an experimental model of intestinal inflammation in mice and in heterogeneous human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2). The findings demonstrated that RGal treatment for 7 days reduced the severity of DSS-induced colitis by protecting mice from weight loss, macroscopic damage and reduction of colon length. When compared to the DSS group, RGal also protected the colon epithelium and promoted the maintenance of mucosal enterocytes and mucus secreting goblet cells, in addition to conserving collagen homeostasis and increasing cell proliferation. In an in vitro barrier function assay, RGal reduced the cellular permeability after exposure to IL-1β, while decreasing IL-8 secretion and claudin-1 expression and preserving the distribution of occludin. Furthermore, we also observed that RGal accelerated the wound healing in Caco-2 epithelial cell line. In conclusion, RGal ameliorates intestinal barrier function in vivo and in vitro and may represent an attractive and promising molecule for the therapeutic management of ulcerative colitis