A Sheep and Catlle Diet Selection Study on a Fertilized Native Sward in Uruguay

This study was undertaken during winter, spring and summer 1997, located in the basaltic region of Uruguay to evaluate the effects of stocking rate (SR) and N and P fertilizer application on sward characteristics and on sheep and cattle diet selection and grazing behaviour. The treatments applied were: a) control (C; without fertilizer application using a SR of 0.9 stock units (SU)/ha), b) T1 (with N and P fertilizer application using a SR of 0.9 SU/ha), c) T2 (with N and P fertilizer application using a SR of 1.2 SU/ha) and d) T3 (with N and P fertilizer application using a SR of 1.5 SU/ha). In general, compared with C, fertilized treatments resulted in increments in sward surface height (SSH) and sheep bite weight (BW): a) winter (3, 8, 5 and 5 cm., P \u3c 0.01; 79, 142, 139 and 92 mg DM/bite, P \u3c 0.05), b) spring (3, 8, 5 and 6 cm., P \u3c 0.01; 108, 188, 115 and 215 mg DM/bite, P \u3c 0.01), and c) summer (7, 14, 11 and 8 cm., P \u3c 0.01;146, 199, 182 and 131 mg DM/bite, P \u3c 0.05) for C, T1, T2 and T3, respectively. In general, the nutritive value of diet selected by sheep and cattle was higher than that of the pasture on offer, and higher in sheep than in cattle: a) winter (17, 18 and 16% crude protein, CP, P \u3c 0.05; 39, 37 and 41% acid detergent fiber, ADF, P \u3c 0.05), b) spring (11, 14 and 11% CP, P \u3c 0.05; 42, 33 and 37% ADF, P \u3c 0.01), and c) summer (8, 10 and 9% CP, P \u3c 0.05; 50, 40 and 45% ADF, P \u3c 0.01) for pasture on offer, sheep and cattle diets, respectively. This study demonstrated the importance of fertilizing native swards to improve production, structure, nutritive value, and animal carrying capacity and animal performance. It also shows the important role that diet selection plays in determining the nutritive value of the forage eaten by sheep and cattle, and stresses the greater selective ability of sheep over cattle

A Comparative Grazing Study of Sheep and Cattle Diet Selection on Native Pastures in Uruguay

An experiment was carried out during winter, spring and summer 1997, on native pastures of the basaltic region of Uruguay to evaluate the effects of different herbage mass levels (high, medium and low) on sward characteristics and on sheep and cattle diet selection and grazing behaviour. Higher herbage masses resulted in increments in herbage accumulation and sheep bite weight: winter (1880, 1513 and 610 kg DM ha-1, P \u3c 0.01; 199, 148 and 128 mg DM/bite, P \u3c 0.01), and summer (3046, 2175 and 1172 kg DM ha-1, P \u3c 0.01; 214, 175 and 143 mg DM/bite, P \u3c 0.01) for high, medium and low herbage mass levels respectively. The nutritive value of diet selected by sheep and cattle was higher than that of the herbage on offer, and higher in sheep than in cattle: winter (10.2, 15.9 and 12.5% crude protein, CP, P \u3c 0.05; 49.2, 32.4 and 38.1% acid detergent fiber, ADF, P \u3c 0.01, and summer (7.4, 10 and 9.5% CP, P \u3c 0.05; 51.1, 36.8 and 43% ADF, P \u3c 0.01) for herbage on offer, sheep and cattle diets respectively. These contrasting results found in the nutritive value were closely associated with differences in the proportions of the botanical components recorded, particularly the differential contribution of dead material. This experiment quantified the importance of diet selection in determining the nutritive value of the forage eaten by sheep and cattle on the native pastures of the basaltic region of Uruguay and established some relationships between diet selection and grazing management, involving animal selectivity ability differences (sheep versus cattle) and seasonal effects

Patrimonio etnológico e identidades en España: Un estudio comparativo a través de la legislación

[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] artículo es una aproximación a cómo la legislación española construye el patrimonio cultural o histórico y el patrimonio etnológico a través de una ampliación de contenidos y una vinculación a un determinado colectivo de referencia. Para ello, se analizan los discursos de las leyes autonómicas de Patrimonio teniendo también en cuenta la ley de Patrimonio Histórico, de 1985. El análisis realizado permite observar, para el caso español, el carácter diverso y difuso del concepto de patrimonio etnológico y la relevancia de las leyes autonómicas de patrimonio cultural para la sustentación de los regionalismos y nacionalismos en el Estado español, con todas las indefiniciones y solapamientos en las representaciones de identidades colectivas que lo han caracterizado. A un nivel general, se ejemplariza cómo la ampliación histórica del campo semántico del concepto de patrimonio cultural ha conllevado cierto solapamiento e in-diferenciación entre los contenidos del mismo y el concepto de culturaThis article sets out to analyse how Spanish law constructs cultural heritage and ethnological heritage by extending the concept of heritage and by creating a tie to a given reference collective. For our purposes, we will analyse the discourses of the Heritage laws of the different autonomous regions, as well as taking into account Spain’s Historical Heritage Law of 1985. The analysis carried out will allow us to observe, in the case of Spain, the diverse nature and the diffuseness of the concept of ethnological heritage, and the relevance of the Heritage laws of the autonomous regions to the sustaining of regionalism and nationalism within the Spanish State, with their attendant and characteristic overlaps and lack of definition. In general, we will provide examples of how the historical extension of the semantic field of the concept of cultural heritage has led to a certain overlap of, and even a lack of differentiation between, the content of cultural heritage and the concept of culture

Thermal conductivity of hydrate-bearing sediments

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 114 (2009): B11103, doi:10.1029/2008JB006235.A thorough understanding of the thermal conductivity of hydrate-bearing sediments is necessary for evaluating phase transformation processes that would accompany energy production from gas hydrate deposits and for estimating regional heat flow based on the observed depth to the base of the gas hydrate stability zone. The coexistence of multiple phases (gas hydrate, liquid and gas pore fill, and solid sediment grains) and their complex spatial arrangement hinder the a priori prediction of the thermal conductivity of hydrate-bearing sediments. Previous studies have been unable to capture the full parameter space covered by variations in grain size, specific surface, degree of saturation, nature of pore filling material, and effective stress for hydrate-bearing samples. Here we report on systematic measurements of the thermal conductivity of air dry, water- and tetrohydrofuran (THF)-saturated, and THF hydrate–saturated sand and clay samples at vertical effective stress of 0.05 to 1 MPa (corresponding to depths as great as 100 m below seafloor). Results reveal that the bulk thermal conductivity of the samples in every case reflects a complex interplay among particle size, effective stress, porosity, and fluid-versus-hydrate filled pore spaces. The thermal conductivity of THF hydrate–bearing soils increases upon hydrate formation although the thermal conductivities of THF solution and THF hydrate are almost the same. Several mechanisms can contribute to this effect including cryogenic suction during hydrate crystal growth and the ensuing porosity reduction in the surrounding sediment, increased mean effective stress due to hydrate formation under zero lateral strain conditions, and decreased interface thermal impedance as grain-liquid interfaces are transformed into grain-hydrate interfaces.This work was supported by the Chevron Joint Industry Project on Methane Hydrates under contract DE-FC26- 01NT41330 to Georgia Institute of Technology from the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory. J.C.S. received additional support from the Goizueta Foundation. C.R. thanks the Petroleum Research Fund of the American Chemical Society under AC8–31351 for early support of thermal conductivity research on hydrate-bearing sediments at Georgia Institute of Technology

Patrimonio etnológico e identidades en España: un estudio comparativo a través de la legislación

This article sets out to analyse how Spanish law constructs cultural heritage and ethnological heritage by extending the concept of heritage and by creating a tie to a given referencecollective. For our purposes, we will analyse the discourses of the Heritage laws of the different autonomous regions, as well as taking into account Spain’s Historical Heritage Law of 1985.The analysis carried out will allow us to observe, in the case of Spain, the diverse nature and the diffuseness of the concept of ethnological heritage, and the relevance of the Heritage laws of the autonomous regions to the sustaining of regionalism and nationalism within the Spanish State, with their attendant and characteristic overlaps and lack of definition. In general, we will provide examples of how the historical extension of the semantic field of the concept ofcultural heritage has led to a certain overlap of, and even a lack of differentiation between, the content of cultural heritage and the concept of culture.Este artículo es una aproximación a cómo la legislación española construye el patrimonio cultural o histórico y el patrimonio etnológico a través de una ampliación de contenidos y una vinculación a un determinado colectivo de referencia. Para ello, se analizan los discursos de las leyes autonómicas de Patrimonio teniendo también en cuenta la ley de Patrimonio Histórico, de 1985. El análisis realizado permite observar, para el caso español, el carácter diverso y difusodel concepto de patrimonio etnológico y la relevancia de las leyes autonómicas de patrimonio cultural para la sustentación de los regionalismos y nacionalismos en el Estado español, con todas las indefiniciones y solapamientos en las representaciones de identidades colectivas que lo han caracterizado. A un nivel general, se ejemplariza cómo la ampliación histórica del campo semántico del concepto de patrimonio cultural ha conllevado cierto solapamiento ein-diferenciación entre los contenidos del mismo y el concepto de cultura

Effect of adjunctive perampanel on the quality of sleep and daytime somnolence in patients with epilepsy

Epilèpsia; Somnolència diürna; Fàrmacs antiepilèpticsEpilepsia; Somnolencia diurna; Fármacos antiepilépticosEpilepsy; Daytime somnolence; Antiepileptic drugsThis prospective uncontrolled study evaluated the effect of low-dose adjunctive perampanel therapy (4 mg/day for 3 months) on the sleep-wake cycle and daytime somnolence in adult patients (n = 10) with focal seizures. A > 50% reduction in the number of seizures was reported in 80% of the study patients; treatment had no significant effect on any sleep parameters as evident by the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores. Two patients reported dizziness with treatment. In conclusion, low-dose perampanel may improve seizure control without affecting the sleep characteristics or daytime somnolence in patients with epilepsy.This work was supported by Eisai Pharmaceuticals, Spain

Borderline personality traits mediate the relationship between low perceived social support and non-suicidal self-injury in a clinical sample of adolescents

Altres ajuts: Acord transformatiu CRUE-CSICNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a serious public health concern among adolescents, especially in clinical settings. Social support plays a critical role in the onset and maintenance of NSSI in adolescence. NSSI is closely associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD), yet no previous work has analyzed the mediating role of borderline traits in the relationship between perceived social support (PSS) and NSSI. This study aimed to address this gap

Implementation and Performance of the ATLAS Second Level Jet Trigger

ATLAS is one of the four major LHC experiments, designed to cover a wide range of physics topics. In order to cope with a rate of 40 MHz and 25 interactions per bunch crossing, the ATLAS trigger system is divided in three different levels. The first one (LVL1, hardware based) identifies signatures in 2 microseconds that are confirmed by the the following trigger levels (software based). The Second Level Trigger (LVL2) only looks at a region of the space around the LVL1 signature (called Region of Interest or ROI), confirming/rejecting the event in about 10 ms, while the Event Filter (Third Level Trigger, EF) has potential full event access and larger processing times, of the order of 1 s. The jet selection starts at the LVL1 with dedicated processors that search for high ET hadronic energy depositions. At the LVL2, the jet signatures are verified with the execution of a dedicated, fast jet reconstruction algorithm. Given the fact that the main jet's background are jets,the energy calibration at the LVL2 is one of the major dificulties of this trigger, allowing to distinguish low/high energy jets. The algorithm for the calibration has been chosen to be fast and robust, with a good performance. The other major dificulty is the execution time of the algorithm,dominated by the data unpacking time due to the large sizes of the jet ROI. In order to reduce the execution time, three possible granularities have been proposed and are being evaluated: cell based (standard), energy sums calculated at each Fron-End Board (FEB) and the use of the LVL1 Trigger Towers. The FEB and Trigger Tower granularities are also being used/evaluated for the reconstruction of the missing ET triggers at the Event Filter, given the short times available to process the full event. In this presentation, the design and implementation of the jet trigger of ATLAS will be discussed in detail, emphasasing the major dificulties of each selection step. The performance of the jet algorithm, including timing, eficiencies and rates will also be shown, with detailed comparisons of the different unpacking modes

COVID-19: What Iodine Maps From Perfusion CT can reveal—A Prospective Cohort Study.

Indexación:Scopus.Background: Subtraction CT angiography (sCTA) is a technique used to evaluate pulmonary perfusion based on iodine distribution maps. The aim of this study is to assess lung perfusion changes with sCTA seen in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and correlate them with clinical outcomes. Material and methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out with 45 RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients that required hospitalization at three different hospitals, between April and May 2020. In all cases, a basic clinical and demographic profile was obtained. Lung perfusion was assessed using sCTA. Evaluated imaging features included: Pattern predominance of injured lung parenchyma in both lungs (ground-glass opacities, consolidation and mixed pattern) and anatomical extension; predominant type of perfusion abnormality (increased perfusion or hypoperfusion), perfusion abnormality distribution (focal or diffuse), extension of perfusion abnormalities (mild, moderate and severe involvement); presence of vascular dilatation and vascular tortuosity. All participants were followed-up until hospital discharge searching for the development of any of the study endpoints. These endpoints included intensive-care unit (ICU) admission, initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and death. Results: Forty-one patients (55.2 ± 16.5 years, 22 men) with RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and an interpretable iodine map were included. Patients with perfusion anomalies on sCTA in morphologically normal lung parenchyma showed lower Pa/Fi values (294 ± 111.3 vs. 397 ± 37.7, p = 0.035), and higher D-dimer levels (1156 ± 1018 vs. 378 ± 60.2, p < 0.01). The main common patterns seen in lung CT scans were ground-glass opacities, mixed pattern with predominant ground-glass opacities and mixed pattern with predominant consolidation in 56.1%, 24.4% and 19.5% respectively. Perfusion abnormalities were common (36 patients, 87.8%), mainly hypoperfusion in areas of apparently healthy lung. Patients with severe hypoperfusion in areas of apparently healthy lung parenchyma had an increased probability of being admitted to ICU and to initiate IMV (HR of 11.9 (95% CI 1.55–91.9) and HR 7.8 (95% CI 1.05–61.1), respectively). Conclusion: Perfusion abnormalities evidenced in iodine maps obtained by sCTA are associated with increased admission to ICU and initiation of IMV in COVID-19 patients. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2020, The Author(s).https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13054-020-03333-

Macadamia Oil Supplementation Attenuates Inflammation and Adipocyte Hypertrophy in Obese Mice

Excess of saturated fatty acids in the diet has been associated with obesity, leading to systemic disruption of insulin signaling, glucose intolerance, and inflammation. Macadamia oil administration has been shown to improve lipid profile in humans. We evaluated the effect of macadamia oil supplementation on insulin sensitivity, inflammation, lipid profile, and adipocyte size in high-fat diet (HF) induced obesity in mice. C57BL/6 male mice (8 weeks) were divided into four groups: (a) control diet (CD), (b) HF, (c) CD supplemented with macadamia oil by gavage at 2g/Kg of body weight, three times per week, for 12 weeks (CD + MO), and (d) HF diet supplemented with macadamia oil (HF + MO). CD and HF mice were supplemented with water. HF mice showed hypercholesterolemia and decreased insulin sensitivity as also previously shown. HF induced inflammation in adipose tissue and peritoneal macrophages, as well as adipocyte hypertrophy. Macadamia oil supplementation attenuated hypertrophy of adipocytes and inflammation in the adipose tissue and macrophages.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ São Paulo, Dept Biol Celular & Desenvolvimento, BR-05508000 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Dept Educ Fis, Programa Posgrad Ciencia Motricidad, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Ciencias Biomed, Dept Fisiol & Biofis, BR-05508000 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Judas Tadeu, Dept Ciencias Biol, Lab Movimento Humano, BR-05503001 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Fisiol, Disciplina Fisiol Nutr, BR-04023901 São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Fisiol Geral, BR-05508090 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Cruzeiro Sul, Inst Ciencias Atividade Fis & Esporte, Programa Posgrad Ciencia Movimento Humano, BR-01506000 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Fisiol, Disciplina Fisiol Nutr, BR-04023901 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc