Lasting temperature effects on the muscle tissue, body growth and fillet texture of adult turbots, Scophthalmus maximus, L.

In the teleosts, several factors can influence the muscle growth patterns of fish by a modulation of the hypertrophy and hyperplasia. The temperature (T) is one of the most important environmental factors. Thus, the T history of fish influences on their potential growth, as it has been observed in Salmon, Salmo salar (Johnston et al., 2003) and other species. The T imprinting can influence on the muscle cellularity throughout the advanced stages of life due to the lasting T effects on myogenic cells precursors (MPC) (Steinbacher et al., 2011). In different teleost species, a correlation between texture and muscle fibre size has been demonstrated (Hatae et al., 1990). Hence, the thermal history can also influence in the flesh texture. In the present work we study the lasting T effects in adult turbots reared at different Ts during the early phases. This species reaches ≈ 1.5 kg at 18-20 months of age and the first sexual maturity takes place at ≈ 24 month

Long-term Effects of the Larval Photoperiod on the Subsequent Growth of Shi Drum Umbrina cirrosa L. Specimens and the Fillet Texture at Commercial Size

Three groups of shi drum Umbrina cirrosa L. were reared with different photoperiod regimes: 24L, 12L:12D and 16L:8D (natural photoperiod) during the larval period and then all of them were transferred to a natural photoperiod. At 11.8 and 20 months of age, the body growth and the muscle parameters reached the highest values in the 24L and 12L:12D groups. The 16L:8D group showed the lowest growth. When comparing 24L with 12L:12D, the highest number of white fibres was found in the 24L group, whereas the greatest fibres size was reached in the 12L:12D group. Commercial size (28-30 cm; 290-340 g) was reached at 20 months of age in the 24L and 12L:12D groups, but at 23 months in the 16L:8D group. When comparing the three groups at the commercial stage, the larval photoperiod effect was still observed, such that the highest fibres number was again found in the 24L group, whereas the greatest fibres size was reached in the 12L:12D group. The highest values of textural hardness were observed in the 16L:8D and 24L groups. A nutritional analysis was carried out in the 16L:8D group, which showed the following percentage values: 2.66, 21.2, 74.4, and 1.46 of fat, protein, moisture and ash, respectively.0,591

Efecto de la triploidía sobre los parámetros musculares y nutricionales del rodaballo (Scophthalmus maximus, L.) después de su maduración sexual

Con el objetivo de una mejor comprensión de la calidad final del rodaballo triploide (Scophtha/mus maximus, L.), la celularidad musculary los parámetros de calidad de la carne fueron estudiados en 7 rodaballos diploides y 7 lriploides de 33 meses de edad, todos ejemplares decultivoy de un tamaño similar. La celularidad del músculo blanco se evaluó por medio del número y diámetro de las fibras musculares. Para determinarla calidad de la carne fueron analizados diversos parámetros físico-químicos (humedad, proteína, grasa y ácidos grasas totales) y se determinaIOO las propiedades mecánicas de la lextura (dureza, elasticidad, masticabilidad, cohe~ividad y gomosidad) con un texturómetro. El mecanismode crecimiento muscular difirió entre los dos grupos, de tal manera que el tamaño de las fibras fue mayor (p<O,OOI)en los triploides , mientrasquela densidad de fibras musculares fue mayor en el grupo de los diploides, lo que demuestra que las diferencias genéticas produjeron dtlerente celularidad muscular en ambos grupos. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en las propiedades texturales ni en los parámetros decalidad de la carne entre diploides y triploides.In order lo a beller understanding of Ihe final qualily of lriploid turbot (Scophthalmus maximus, L.), muscle cellularily and qualily parametersoflhe flesh were studied on 7 diploid and 7 triploid 33 months old farmed turbot of similar size. White muscle cellularily was evaluated by meansofIhe number and diameter of muscle fibers. lo ascertain the flesh qualily, several physlco-cbemlcal parameters (moisture, protein, total fat andfalty acids) were analyzed, and textural mechanical properties (hardness, springiness, chewiness, cohesiveness, gumminess) were determinedwitha texturometer. Muscle growth mechanism differed between both groups, such that muscie fibres size was greater (p<O,OOI)in triploid specimens, wihereas muscle fibre density was higher in diploid group, thus showing mat genetic differences produced different muscie cellularity in bothgroups. No significant differences were found in textural properties and flesh qualily parameters between diploid and triploid groups

Drug overdose deaths in Brazil between 2000 and 2020: an analysis of sociodemographics and intentionality

Objectives: To examine drug overdose records in Brazil from 2000 to 2020, analyzing trends over time in overdoses and overall sociodemographic characteristics of the deceased. Methods: Using data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System (Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade), we identified records from 2000-2020 in which the underlying cause-of-death was one of the following codes: X40-X45 (accidental poisoning), X60-X65 (intentional poisoning), or Y10-Y15 (undetermined intentionality poisoning). The Brazilian dataset included 21,410 deaths. We used joinpoint regression analysis to assess changes in trends over time. Results: People who died of drug overdoses in Brazil between 2000 and 2020 had a mean age of 38.91 years; 38.45% were women, and 44.01% were identified as White. Of the overdose deaths, 44.70% were classified as intentional and 32.12% were classified as unintentional. Among the identified drugs, stimulants were the most common class. However, most records did not report which drug was responsible for death. Conclusion: Sociodemographic trends in overdose deaths in Brazil must guide country-specific policies. Nevertheless, data collection protocols must be improved, particularly regarding the drug used in overdoses

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

COMPARACIÓN ENTRE LUBINA (DICENTRARCHUS LABRAX) SALVAJE Y CULTIVADA: COMPOSICIÓN QUÍMICA Y VARIACIÓN DEL CONTENIDO EN ÁCIDOS GRASOS TRAS EL COCINADO

Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) has a high commercial value, and has been widely farmed in the last ten years. Consumers consider that wild sea bass presents a high quality, so that the first objective of the present study has been to compare the chemical composition of the flesh from wild and farmed sea bass. In addition, from a nutritional point of view, fish meat is considered an important dietary source of protein and long chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5 ω-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 ω-3), because of that the second objective of our work has been to ascertain the fatty acid profile in the flesh of wild and farmed sea bass and to evaluate the changes in these nutrients during steam cooking. 10 specimens of each origin (wild and farmed) of sea bass with an average size of 350g, were selected to determine the proximate composition (protein, fat, moisture and ash), mineral content, total basic volatile nitrogen, muscle pH, and hydroxyproline and collagen concentrations. The fatty acids were determined in the flesh of raw and steam cooked fillets of both types of sea bass using gas chromatography. The obtained results showed statistical differences in those parameters related to environmental and nutritional conditions (total fat and mineral content). The profile of fatty acids showed statistical differences due to type of cultivar since the flesh of farmed sea bass presented the highest content of linoleic acid (the main ω-6). No changes in the fatty acids of wild sea bass flesh after steam coking were observed, however, the flesh of farmed specimens showed significant losses of monounsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid) from the ventral fat probably from adipose tissue located beneath the skin.La lubina (Dicentrarchus labrax) es una especie de elevado valor comercial, cuyo cultivo ha experimentado un considerable incremento en los últimos años. Debido a que el consumidor considera que el producto procedente de la pesca extractiva es de mayor calidad, el primer objetivo planteado en el presente estudio ha sido comparar la composición nutricional de la lubina procedente de pesca extractiva (salvaje) con la de la lubina procedente de la acuicultura (cultivada). Ya que, desde un punto de vista nutricional, el pescado es un importante fuente de proteínas y de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de cadena larga ω-3, especialmente ácido eicosapentanoico (EPA, C20:5 ω-3) y docosahexanoico (DHA, C22:6 ω-3), el segundo objetivo ha sido estudiar las diferencias en el perfil de ácidos grasos de lubinas de ambas procedencias, y evaluar el efecto del cocinado sobre el mismo. Se seleccionaron 10 especimenes de cada tipo de lubina, con un peso medio de 350 g, para la determinación de la composición química proximal (proteínas, grasa, humedad y cenizas), el contenido de minerales, el nitrógeno básico volátil total, el pH muscular y el contenido de hidroxiprolina y colágeno. El perfil de ácidos grasos se analizó en la carne de lubina cruda y cocinada al vapor, mediante cromatografía gaseosa. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en aquellos parámetros que dependen directamente de la alimentación y el medio ambiente (grasa total y minerales). En cuanto al perfil de ácidos grasos se observaron diferencias en el contenido de ácido linoléico (principal ω-6), mostrando la lubina cultivada una concentración significativamente superior. Aunque no encontramos cambios en el perfil de ácidos grasos de la carne de la lubina salvaje después del cocinado al vapor durante cinco minutos, en la lubina cultivada si se observaron diferencias significativas, como consecuencia de la pérdida de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados en la grasa ventral durante la cocción

The Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) birth cohort study: Rationale, design, and methods.

This document is made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by /4.0/ This document is the accepted version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12826Background: Primary prevention strategies for asthma are lacking. Its inception probably starts in utero and/or during the early postnatal period as the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) paradigm suggests. Objectives: The main objective of Nutrition in Early Life and Asthma (NELA) cohort study is to unravel whether the following factors contribute causally to the developmental origins of asthma: (1) maternal obesity/adiposity and foetal growth; (2) maternal and child nutrition; (3) outdoor air pollution; (4) endocrine disruptors; and (5) maternal psychological stress. Maternal and offspring biological samples are used to assess changes in offspring microbiome, immune system, epigenome and volatilome as potential mechanisms influencing disease susceptibility. Population: Randomly selected pregnant women from three health areas of Murcia, a south-eastern Mediterranean region of Spain, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were invited to participate at the time of the follow-up visit for routine foetal anatomy scan at 19–22 weeks of gestation, at the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit of the “Virgen de la Arrixaca” University Clinical Hospital over a 36-month period, from March 2015 to April 2018. Design: Prospective, population-based, maternal-child, birth cohort study. Methods: Questionnaires on exposures and outcome variables were administered to mothers at 20–24 gestation week; 32–36 gestation week; and delivery. Children were surveyed at birth, 3 and 18 months of age and currently at 5 years. Furthermore, physical examinations were performed; and different measurements and biological samples were obtained at these time points. Preliminary results: Among the 1350 women invited to participate, 738 (54%) were finally enrolled in the study and 720 of their children were eligible at birth. The adherence was high with 612 children (83%) attending the 3 months’ visit and 532 children (72%) attending the 18 months’ visit. Conclusion: The NELA cohort will add original and unique knowledge to the developmental origins of asthma