Association of obesity with physical activity, television viewing, video /computer gaming among school children in Mangalore

Introduction: There is an increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide in children which can be attributed to changes in lifestyle such as sedentary habits, television (TV) viewing, playing computer games, and consumption of snacks while watching television. The present study was done to find the association between obesity and TV viewing, computer game playing, sedentary lifestyle in children and also with a secondary objective to assess the association between blood pressure and TV/computer game viewing, sedentary lifestyle in children. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at 4 high schools and Pre University Colleges (PUC’S) in and around Mangalore during the study period of 4 days from 6 -12 august 2014. 509 students were enrolled. Information was gathered by asking the subjects to fill up a structured questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed based on Body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio for all subjects. Blood pressure was measured for all the subjects. Results: It was found that among males 2.7% of students were obese and in females it was 2.3%. There was a significant association between blood pressure and consumption of snacks while watching TV and also between blood pressure and their habit of consumption / buying of snacks/ fast-food advertised in TV. A significant association was found between central obesity (Waist-hip ratio and Waist-height ratio) and the number of hours of physical activity per week in schools. Conclusion: There is a need to develop preventive intervention like reducing snack consumption while watching TV and increasing the time dedicated to physical activity

MoNuSAC2020:A Multi-Organ Nuclei Segmentation and Classification Challenge

Detecting various types of cells in and around the tumor matrix holds a special significance in characterizing the tumor micro-environment for cancer prognostication and research. Automating the tasks of detecting, segmenting, and classifying nuclei can free up the pathologists' time for higher value tasks and reduce errors due to fatigue and subjectivity. To encourage the computer vision research community to develop and test algorithms for these tasks, we prepared a large and diverse dataset of nucleus boundary annotations and class labels. The dataset has over 46,000 nuclei from 37 hospitals, 71 patients, four organs, and four nucleus types. We also organized a challenge around this dataset as a satellite event at the International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) in April 2020. The challenge saw a wide participation from across the world, and the top methods were able to match inter-human concordance for the challenge metric. In this paper, we summarize the dataset and the key findings of the challenge, including the commonalities and differences between the methods developed by various participants. We have released the MoNuSAC2020 dataset to the public

Knowledge and Attitude about HIV/AIDS among medical students in a private medical college in coastal Karnataka

BACKGROUND The understanding of HIV/AIDS by MBBS students and their attitudes towards managing a retropositive patient will impact their practice in future. OBJECTIVES To study the knowledge and attitude about HIV/AIDS among medical students and to analyse change in knowledge levels based on year of study of MBBS. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional questionnaire based study was conducted in a private medical college in Karnataka among 610 MBBS students. Aspects regarding general and clinical knowledge of HIV/AIDS, attitude towards HIV infected patients were dealt with. RESULTS An increasing trend in the knowledge from 1st to 4th year was seen in the following aspects: knowledge regarding vertical transmission (78% to 93.3%), transmission through breast feeding (31.9% to 85.3%), tuberculosis as the most common opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS (26.9% to 70%), correct time of initiation of post exposure prophylaxis (5% to 46.7%), facility for getting HIV test done confidentially (0.6% to 42.7%). An increasing trend in the negative attitude towards HIV patients was seen from 1st to 4th year when it came to right to refuse surgical treatment to HIV patient (40% to 56%) and an increasing trend in the favourable response towards HIV patients were seen from 1st year to 4th year when it came to their opinion whether HIV patients can be kept in general ward (57.5% to 78%). CONCLUSION From the above study we conclude that the knowledge level on HIV/AIDS improved based on year of study. Discriminatory attitude towards HIV patients still persisted among students of all the years

PHO data set

The study was conducted at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal </p

Dentigerous cyst with an impacted third molar obliterating complete maxillary sinus

Dentigerous cyst is the most commonly occurring odontogenic cyst after radicular cyst and accounts for 15% of all true cysts in the jaws. The cyst is more common in mandible than in maxilla. The dentigerous cyst is commonly associated with impacted mandibular third molars. In maxilla, the incidence is rare. Dentigerous cyst in maxillary sinus in association with an impacted third molar is an uncommon entity. We present a case of dentigerous cyst associated with an impacted third molar, completely obliterating the maxillary sinus in a 28-year-old female

Dentigerous cyst with an impacted third molar obliterating complete maxillary sinus

Dentigerous cyst is the most commonly occurring odontogenic cyst after radicular cyst and accounts for 15% of all true cysts in the jaws. The cyst is more common in mandible than in maxilla. The dentigerous cyst is commonly associated with impacted mandibular third molars. In maxilla, the incidence is rare. Dentigerous cyst in maxillary sinus in association with an impacted third molar is an uncommon entity. We present a case of dentigerous cyst associated with an impacted third molar, completely obliterating the maxillary sinus in a 28-year-old female

Pre-Hypertension among Young Adults (20-30 Years) in Coastal Villages of Udupi District in Southern India: An Alarming Scenario.

INTRODUCTION:According to Joint National Committee-7 (JNC-7) guidelines, a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 120 to 139 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 80 to 89 mm Hg is considered as pre-hypertension. Existing evidence suggest that the cardiovascular morbidities are increasing among pre-hypertensive individuals compared to normal. OBJECTIVE:To assess the magnitude and factors associated with pre-hypertension among young adults (20-30 years) in coastal villages of Udupi Taluk (an area of land with a city or town that serves as its administrative centre and usually a number of villages), Udupi District, Karnataka state, India. DESIGN:Community based cross sectional study. SETTING:6 (out of total 14) coastal villages of Udupi Taluk, Karnataka state, India. SAMPLE:1,152 young adults (age group: 20-30 years) selected by stratified random sampling in 6 coastal villages of Udupi Taluk, Karnataka state, India. METHOD:A semi structured pre-tested questionnaire was used to elicit the details on socio-demographic variables, dietary habits, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, physical activity, family history of hypertension and stress levels. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were recorded according to standard protocols. Serum cholesterol was measured in a sub sample of the study population. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify the independent correlates of pre-hypertension among young adults (20-30 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Prevalence, Odds ratio (OR) and adjusted (adj) OR for pre-hypertension among young adults (20-30 years). RESULTS:The prevalence of pre-hypertension in the study population was 45.2% (95%CI: 42.4-48). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age group of 25-30 years (adj OR: 4.25, 95% CI: 2.99-6.05), white collared (adj OR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.08-4.85) and skilled occupation (adj OR: 3.24, 95% CI: 1.64-6.42), students (adj OR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.22-4.95), using refined cooking oil (adj OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.29-0.95), extra salt in meals (adj OR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.52-3.99), salty food items (adj OR: 6.99, 95% CI: 3.63-13.48), pre-obese (adj OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.03-2.67) and obese (adj OR: 9.16, 95% CI: 2.54, 36.4) were the significant correlates of pre-hypertension. CONCLUSION:In the study population, prevalence of pre-hypertension among young adults (20-30 years) was high (45.2%). Biological (age 25-30 years, pre-obesity and obesity) and behavioral (sedentary occupation, intake of extra salt in meals/salty food and not using refined cooking oil) factors were associated with pre-hypertension. Study emphasizes the need of community based screening of pre-hypertension under National Rural Health Mission. It also provides apt information for the evidence based designing of interventions for lifestyle modifications among high risk young adults in the study area