Avaliação da estrutura genética da população atual de Santa Catarina com diferentes marcadores moleculares para aplicação na genética forense

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Florianópolis, 2014A identificação genética humana está centrada na utilização de um conjunto de marcadores autossômicos denominado microssatélite (Short Tanden Repeats-STRs). Todavia em algumas situações, como indivíduos com alto grau de parentesco, casos de deficiência paterna, amostras biológicas degradadas ou pouca quantidade, têm-se focado na utilização de outras classes de marcadores genéticos: inserções/deleções (InDels), do cromossomo X (X-STRs), do cromossomo Y (Y-STRs) e na região hipervariável 1 do DNA mitocondrial (mtDNA-HVR1). Visando avaliar a extensão da diversidade genética da população de Santa Catarina, indivíduos não aparentados foram genotipados para os marcadores do tipo (1) InDels, incluídos no Investigator DIPplex Kit®, (2) STRs autossômicos, incluídos no Investigator HDplexTM Kit®, (3) miniSTRs, incluídos no Investigator Hexaplex ESS Kit®, (4) STRs do cromossomo X, através do Investigator Argus X-12 Kit®. Foram determinadas as frequências alélicas e heterozigoses observada e esperada (Ho e He), e a eficácia dos parâmetros forenses: Poder de Discriminação (PD), Probabilidade de Coincidência (PC), Índice de Paternidade Típico (TPI), Poder de Exclusão de Paternidade (PE) e Conteúdo da Informação Polimórfica (PIC), sendo que não foi observado nenhum desvio (pAbstract: Human genetic identification is centered on use of microsatellite markers (Short Tanden Repeats-STRs). However, in some situations as individuals with a high degree of kinship, cases of paternal disability, degraded biological samples and in low amounts of samples have been focused on the use of other markers such as: insertions/deletions (InDels), X chromosome markers (X-STRs), Y chromosome markers (Y-STRs) and hypervariable region 1 of mitochondrial DNA (HVR1-mtDNA). Thereby, to evaluate the extent of genetic diversity of the Santa Catarina population, unrelated individuals were genotyped for: (1) InDels markers, included in the DIPplex Investigator DIPplex Kit®, (2) autosomal STRs, included in the Investigator HDplexTM Kit®, (3) miniSTRs, included in the Investigator Hexaplex ESS Kit® and (4) the X chromosome STRs, through the Investigator Argus X -12 Kit®. Allele frequencies, observed and expected heterozygosity (Ho, He) were determined, and the effectiveness of forensic parameters such as Power of Discrimination (PD), Probability of Coincidence (PC), Typical Paternity Index (TPI), Paternity Exclusion Power (PE) and Polymorphic Information Content (PIC). No deviation was observed (p <0.05) for the loci analyzed, except DXS10135 and DXS1079 Investigator Argus X-12 Kit®. All loci showed a high degree of genetic polymorphism. The highest PIC was observed in SE33 (0.948) and the lowest was observed in D6S474 (0.745). Forensic parameters were calculated based on allele frequencies for the Investigator HDplexTM and Investigator Hexaplex ESS® Kits. Combined Discrimination Power (CDP) and Combined Power of Exclusion (PEC) were 0.999999999999999999997752854927 and 0.99999999978062285, respectively. Allele frequencies for the 16 analyzed STR loci were compared with those of other populations from different geographical distributions. Genetic distance (Dsw) showed proximity between the Santa Catarina population, the European populations (France, Italy) and the sampled African population. The second group consisted of populations that do not significantly participated in the formation of Brazilian identity (Japan, Mexico, Colombia) and two isolated populations of Amerindian from Brazil. Allele frequencies and the statistical parameters of the Investigator Argus X-12 Kit® were obtained and the most polymorphic marker was DXS10135 with 23 polymorphic alleles and less polymorphic marker was DXS8378 with 5 alleles. Power of discrimination in Females (PDF) was 0.9999999999999999103669, while the Power of Discrimination in Males (PDM) was 0.999999999688867. Combined Power of Exclusionfor Trios and Duos were 0.99999999867687 and 0.999999589803, respectively. Linkage Disequilibrium tests were performed for all pairs of loci and only DXS7132-DXS10074 remained significant after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.0008). Analysis of genetic distance was used and it was verified that the population of Santa Catarina had similarity with European populations (Germany, Denmark and Portugal) followed by North African populations (Morocco and Somalia) and distant from the populations of Shanghai and Greenland because these populations not participate in the formation of the Santa Catarina identity. Another objective of this project were the genetic characterization of the variability of patrilineal population of Santa Catarina through seventeen STRs located in a non-recombinant region of the Y chromosome, included in the AmpFISTR®YfilerTM Kit. After analysis, 305 haplotypes were identified and 292 of these were unique (96%). Comparing the results obtained in this study with data from Portuguese, Spanish, Italians, Germans, Africans and other Brazilian populations was observed the important contribution of Europeans from the Iberian Peninsula in the composition of the Santa Catarina population. Variability of matrilineal population of Santa Catarina was also characterized by the sequencing of the mtDNA hypervariable region 1 (mtDNA-HVR1). This technique was the standardized and implemented in the Forensic Genetics section of the Instituto Geral de Perícias do Estado de SC (IGP-SC). During the data analysis, 221 haplotypes (n = 342) were identified, these haplotypes were classified into 85 geographic subhaplogrupos. Considering the largest haplogroups, these results showed an important contribution of the European haplogroup H (32.16%). Amerindian haplogroups A, B, C and D represent 25.15% of the population in contrast to the African haplogroup L that totalize 7.02%. Besides the genetic contribution for the understanding of the history of Santa Catarina population, the realization of this thesis resulted in the implementation of new techniques in the Forensic Genetics section of the IGP-SC, including sixty new genetic markers in their analysis and the mitochondrial DNA sequencing to solve the forensic cases of high complexity

Estudo da atividade antiinflamatória dos ligantes do receptor periférico dos benzodiazepínicos: Pk11195 e Ro5-4864

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências BiológicasO tratamento in vivo em camundongos com ligantes do receptor periférico benzodiazepínico (PBR) exerceram efeito inibitório na resposta inflamatória em dois modelos de inflamação aguda. No primeiro modelo o efeito antiinflamatório em de pré-tratamento com os ligantes PBR, PK11195 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinoline carboxamide e Ro5-4864 7-chloro-5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-2-H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2, mostraram que a formação do edema em resposta a carragenina (300 mg/pata) foi inibida por PK11195 e Ro5-4864, em diferentes intervalos de tempo. O estudo do tempo resposta mostrou que a melhor resposta com ambos ligantes foi ótima em animais injetados no tempo de 24h, por esta razão este tempo de pré-tratamento foi escolhido para estudo da dose resposta. A formação do edema de pata em resposta a carragenina (300 mg/pata) foi reduzida por PK11195 e Ro5-4864 em diferentes doses (0,00001-10mg/kg, i.p.) produzindo uma inibição dose dependente na formação do edema de pata em camundongos induzida pela carragenina. PK11195 e Ro5-4864 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) quando administrado 24 h antes da indução do edema, inibiram de forma significativa o edema de pata de camundongos induzido por vários mediadores inflamatórios. No segundo modelo o pré-tratamento com os ligantes (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), 24 h antes da indução da pleurisia induzida pela carragenina, mostrou uma significante inibição no recrutamento das células totais e diferenciais, principalmente a custas de neutrófilos, inibindo também a liberação de Interleucina-13 (IL-13) e Interleucina-6 (IL-6) no líquido pleura

MET Is highly expressed in advanced stages of colorectal cancer and indicates worse prognosis and mortality

The aim of the present study was to evaluate by immunohistochemistry the prognostic meaning of the tumor marker MET (hepatocyte growth factor) in patients submitted to surgical resection due to primary colorectal adenocarcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out that included 286 consecutive patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma, submitted to surgical resection at Barretos Cancer Hospital, from 1993 to 2002. The histopathological expression of the MET tumor marker was evaluated using an anti-protein monoclonal antibody against MET by the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. The expression of the tumor marker was semi-quantitative, and the slide samples were independently analyzed by three pathologists unaware of patient clinical and histopathological data. RESULTS: The tumor marker expression was positive in 236 (79%) out of a total of 286 patients. This expression was statistically significantly different between stages I and IV (p=0.004), for overall survival (p=0.009), and for cancer-related mortality rates (p=0.022). However, no association between the tumor marker and recurrence (p=0.89) or disease-free interval (p=0.91) was observed. CONCLUSION: MET has shown significant expression at advanced stages of the disease, as well as for overall survival and cancer-related mortality rates demonstrating to be a valuable marker for poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients

Oral manifestations of sporotrichosis : a neglected disease

Sporotrichosis is an uncommon subacute or chronic infection caused by Sporothrix spp. In some urban areas of Latin America, sporotrichosis has been considered an emergent cosmopolitan disease of zoonotic transmission by domestic cats. There are four diff

HARD TECHNOLOGY IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT AND THE SUBJECTIVITY OF NURSING WORKERS

Objetivos: identificar a opini&atilde;o dos trabalhadores de enfermagem sobre o uso da tecnologia dura no cotidiano de trabalho e descrever as repercuss&otilde;es do uso da tecnologia dura na dimens&atilde;o subjetiva destes trabalhadores. M&eacute;todos: Pesquisa descritiva e qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados no per&iacute;odo de setembro e outubro de 2010, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e as informa&ccedil;&otilde;es foram tratadas pelo m&eacute;todo de an&aacute;lise tem&aacute;tica de conte&uacute;do. Participaram do estudo 05 enfermeiros e 05 t&eacute;cnicos de enfermagem. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram aspectos positivos e negativos do uso da tecnologia dura e o impacto do uso desta tecnologia no contexto da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Conclus&atilde;o: Conclu&iacute;-se que as repercuss&otilde;es s&atilde;o multifatoriais na subjetividade do trabalhador e objetivamos que este trabalho impulsione novas pesquisas envolvendo a tecnologia dura e a sa&uacute;de do trabalhador. Descritores: Enfermagem do trabalho, Terapia intensiva, Tecnologia

HARD TECHNOLOGY IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT AND THE SUBJECTIVITY OF NURSING WORKERS

Objetivos: identificar a opinião dos trabalhadores de enfermagem sobre o uso da tecnologia dura no cotidiano de trabalho e descrever as repercussões do uso da tecnologia dura na dimensão subjetiva destes trabalhadores. Métodos: Pesquisa descritiva e qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados no período de setembro e outubro de 2010, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e as informações foram tratadas pelo método de análise temática de conteúdo. Participaram do estudo 05 enfermeiros e 05 técnicos de enfermagem. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram aspectos positivos e negativos do uso da tecnologia dura e o impacto do uso desta tecnologia no contexto da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Conclusão: Concluí-se que as repercussões são multifatoriais na subjetividade do trabalhador e objetivamos que este trabalho impulsione novas pesquisas envolvendo a tecnologia dura e a saúde do trabalhador. Descritores: Enfermagem do trabalho, Terapia intensiva, Tecnologia

INFECTION CONTROL IN DENTISTRY: HOW TO CLEAN PHOTOGRAPHIC MIRRORS?

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/223658345221The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of six different methods of disinfection and sterilization of intra-oral photographic mirrors through microbiological testing and to analysis their potential harm to mirrors’ surface. Fourteen occlusal mirrors were divided into seven groups. Group 1 comprised two mirrors as received from manufacturer. The other six groups comprised mirrors disinfected/sterilized by autoclave, immersion in enzymatic detergent, and friction with chlorhexidine detergent, chlorhexidine wipes, common detergent and 70% ethylic alcohol. Microbiological and quality surface analyses were performed. Sterilization in autoclave was microbiologic effective, but caused damage to the mirror surface. Chlorhexidine (in wipes or detergent) and liquid soap were effective disinfectant agents for photographic mirrors decontamination, without harmful effect on its surface. Enzymatic detergent immersion and friction with 70% ethylic alcohol were not effective as disinfectant agents for photographic mirrors decontamination. According to the results, the more effective and safe methods for photographic mirrors disinfection are friction with chlorhexidine and liquid soap