Sociodemographic, clinic and health characterization of people with venous ulcers attended at the family health strategy

Objective: characterizing the sociodemographic, health and assistential aspects of people with venous ulcers treated at the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in Maceió-Alagoas and analyzing the quality of care provided. Method: a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach conducted in 36 FHS units with 59 people with venous ulcers through a structured form. Results: people with venous ulcers treated > 1 year (69,5%), female (71,2%) and ≥ 60 years old (67,8%). Most were nonsmoker and nonalcoholic and 100,0% had two or more risk factors and pathological personal antecedents each. Had time of injury > 6 months (64,4%), pain in the ulcer / member (86,4%) and rocker ≤ 30% granulation/epithelialization (78,0%). The quality of care was poor in 57,6% and the aspects that mostly affected were the inadequacy of: professional that was accompanying/performing curative, products in the past 30 days and access to consultation with angiologist. Conclusions: the people with venous ulcers had low socioeconomic status, chronic diseases and unfavorable lesion characteristics contributing to chronicity of the lesions

Leishmaniose cutânea no nordeste do Brasil: uma avaliação crítica dos estudos realizados no Estado de Pernambuco

American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is a complex disease with clinical and epidemiological features that may vary from region to region. In fact, at least seven different Leishmania species, including Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis, Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni, Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi, Leishmania (Viannia) shawi, Leishmania (Viannia) lindenbergi, and Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, have been implicated in the etiology of ACL in Brazil, and numerous phlebotomine sandfly species of the genus Lutzomyia have been regarded as putative or proven vectors. Because ACL is a focal disease, understanding the disease dynamics at the local level is essential for the implementation of more effective control measures. The present paper is a narrative review about the ACL epidemiology in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Furthermore, the need for more effective diagnosis, treatment, control and prevention strategies for the affected populations is highlighted. This paper will provide researchers with a critical appraisal of ACL in Pernambuco. Hopefully, it will also be helpful for public health authorities to improve current control strategies against ACL at the state and country levels

Avaliação da qualidade de vida de pacientes com e sem úlcera venosa

OBJETIVOS: comparar la calidad de vida de pacientes con enfermedad venosa crónica con y sin úlcera e identificar cuales los aspectos más afectados. MÉTODO: estudio con diseño trasversal y muestra de 204 pacientes con enfermedad venosa crónica. La calidad de vida fue evaluada mediante el cuestionario SF-36. Para comparar los scores entre los grupos, fue utilizada la prueba Mann-Whitney, considerando diferencia estadísticamente significativa para pOBJETIVOS: comparar a qualidade de vida de pacientes com doença venosa crônica com e sem úlcera e identificar quais os aspectos mais afetados. MÉTODO: estudo com desenho transversal e amostra de 204 pacientes com doença venosa crônica. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo questionário SF-36. Para comparação dos escores entre os grupos, utilizou-se o teste Mann-Whitney, considerando-se diferença estatisticamente significativa para pOBJECTIVES: to compare the quality of life of patients with chronic venous disease with and without ulcer and to identify the most affected aspects. METHOD: cross-sectional study with a sample of 204 patients with chronic venous disease. The quality of life was assessed with the help of the SF-36 questionnaire. To compare the scores between the groups, the Mann-Whitney test was used, considering a statistically significant difference when

Conhecimento dos adolescentes sobre métodos contraceptivos: pesquisa-ação em uma unidade do programa saúde da família de Natal

It is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, and an action-research type, which aimed to analyze the changes of knowledge about contraceptive methods invested to a teenager group attended in Igapó Family Healthcare Unit, in the city of Natal/RN, after consent and institutional assent of Ethics Committee of Rio Grande do Norte Federal University (Protocol No. 131/07). It were researched 16 teenagers of both sexes, with age ranging from 11 to 16 years. We used two structured questionnaires, one in the initial diagnosis and another during the seven meetings of the focus group, in addition to the field notes and the meetings discussions transcriptions. The data-collection was performed in the period of two months by a team composed by a nurse the research coordinator, a dentist, a nursing assistant, a community-based healthcare worker and a nursing academic. The quantitative and qualitative data were organized, tagged and categorized into spreadsheet in Microsoft Excel, being held a thematic analysis of speeches performed by the study participants. The results were presented as tables, graphics, photos, drawings and word clippings. The educational strategy developed in focus group allowed adolescents to discuss, exchange ideas and opinions on several contraceptive methods, providing expansion in knowledge of all contraceptives discussed, especially those natural and surgical, which were less mentioned at the beginning of the study. Among the advantages of the contraceptive methods listed by teenagers, was highlighted avoiding pregnancy and STDs in use of the barrier method of condom. As for the disadvantages more frequently noted by the survey with the misuse of barrier methods, was highlighted get pregnant, acquire STD's and do not prevent STD's in hormonal, natural and surgical methods. Adolescents showed consistency between the advantages and disadvantages and types of contraceptive methods, showing a widening in knowledge among them. It may be said that, in general, those surveyed had a good understanding about the use of the various contraceptive methods. Thus, the study participants had positively evaluated all the criteria used to qualify the meetings in the focus group. The action strategy of the focus group should be encouraged by professionals who work with teenagers, since they prefer to live in groups, one characteristic of adolescence.Estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, do tipo pesquisa ação, que objetivou analisar a mudança do conhecimento sobre métodos contraceptivos investidos a um grupo de adolescentes atendidos na Unidade Saúde da Família de Igapó no município de Natal/RN, após consentimento institucional e parecer favorável do Comitê de Ética da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (Protocolo nº 131/07). Foram pesquisados 16 adolescentes de ambos os sexos com faixa etária variando de 11 a 16 anos. Foram utilizados dois questionários estruturados, sendo um no diagnóstico inicial e outro durante as sete reuniões do grupo focal, além das anotações de campo e transcrições das discussões das reuniões. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de dois meses por uma equipe composta por uma enfermeira, coordenadora da pesquisa, uma odontóloga, uma auxiliar de enfermagem, uma agente comunitário de saúde e uma acadêmica de enfermagem. Os dados quanti-qualitativos foram organizados, codificados e categorizados em planilha no Excel, sendo realizada análise tipo temática das falas dos participantes do estudo. Os resultados foram apresentados na forma de quadros, gráfico, fotos, desenhos e recortes das falas. A estratégia educativa desenvolvida em grupo focal permitiu aos adolescentes, discutir, trocar idéias e opiniões sobre os diferentes métodos contraceptivos proporcionando ampliação no conhecimento de todos contraceptivos discutidos, principalmente, nos naturais e cirúrgicos, que foram menos referidos no início do estudo. Dentre as vantagens dos métodos contraceptivos elencadas pelos adolescentes destacaram-se evitar DSTs e gravidez no uso do método de barreira camisinha. Já as desvantagens mais freqüentes apontadas pelos pesquisados com o uso incorreto dos métodos de barreira, destacaram-se engravidar e adquirir DST s, não prevenir DST s nos hormonais, naturais e cirúrgicos. Os adolescentes apresentaram coerência entre as vantagens e desvantagens e os tipos de métodos contraceptivos, demonstrando uma ampliação no conhecimento entre os pesquisados. Pode-se afirmar que de um modo geral os pesquisados apresentaram um bom entendimento sobre o uso dos diferentes métodos contraceptivos. No geral os participantes do estudo avaliaram positivamente em todos os critérios utilizados para qualificar as reuniões no grupo focal. A estratégia de ação do grupo focal deve ser incentivada pelos profissionais que atuam junto aos adolescentes, uma vez que estes preferem conviver em grupos, sendo uma característica da adolescência

Associação dos aspectos sociodemográficos, clínicos e assistenciais na qualidade de vida das pessoas com úlcera venosa na atenção primária

Objective: To analyze the association of sociodemographic, clinical and care aspects of quality of life of people with venous ulcers (VU) in primary care. Method: Analytical and cross-sectional study conducted in primary health care with 101 people with VU. Data were collected by structured form of sociodemographic and bio-physiological measures and the Medical Outcomes Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Applied the chi-square test, Friedman, Mann-Whitney U test and Binary Logistic Regression. That was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (RECs No 07556312.0.0000.5537). Results: The study population consisted mostly of women, older, married or in a stable relationship, with low income and education level. Among the elderly, predominated females (p = 0.011), with a partner (p = 0.025), education to primary education (p = 0.016), unemployed (p <0.001), non-alcoholic (p = 0.029), diabetes mellitus ( p = 0.002) and hypertension (p = 0.001). About the health and welfare aspects, there was a tendency of worse outcomes among the elderly, with a prevalence of individuals with inadequate care. The variables age, sleepiness, intensity and presence of pain, injury time, guidance for exercise, guidelines for compression therapy, treatment time and reference and counter-reference contributed to the worse quality of life. Moreover, the variables sleepiness, intensity and presence pain, and guidance for exercise, all together, explain the worst quality of life. Conclusion: The surveyed were mostly elderly, unemployed, with a partner, low income, comorbidity, the injury time was more than one year, recurrence and with presence of pain. It was evident the need for comprehensive care to people with venous ulcers, especially the elderly. The sociodemographic, clinical and care aspects, isolated and together, were associated with the worse quality of life, in particular, sleepiness, pain, guidance for exercise, and reference and counter-reference in the elderly, should be reconsidered in the comprehensive and multidisciplinary care.Objetivo: Analisar a associação dos aspectos sociodemográficos, clínicos e assistenciais na qualidade de vida das pessoas com úlcera venosa (UV) na atenção primária. Método: Estudo analítico e transversal conduzido na atenção primária à saúde com 101 pessoas com UV. Os dados foram coletados por formulário estruturado de medidas sociodemográficas e biofisiológicas e o Medical Outcomes Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Aplicados os testes Qui-quadrado, Friedman, U de Mann-Whitney e Regressão Logística Binária. Obteve aprovação por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (CAAE nº 07556312.0.0000.5537). Resultados: A população estudada era composta em sua maioria por mulheres, idosos, casados ou com união estável, com baixa renda e nível de escolaridade. Entre os idosos, predominaram pessoas do sexo feminino (p=0,011), com companheiro(a) (p=0,025), escolaridade até ensino fundamental (p=0,016), sem profissão (p<0,001), não etilistas (p=0,029), com diabetes mellitus (p=0,002) e hipertensão arterial sistêmica (p=0,001). Quanto aos aspectos de saúde e assistenciais, houve tendência de piores resultados entre os idosos, com predomínio de indivíduos com assistência inadequada. As variáveis faixa etária, sono, intensidade e presença da dor, tempo de lesão, orientação de exercícios regulares, orientações para terapia compressiva, tempo de tratamento e referência e contrareferência colaboraram para pior QV, juntas, as variáveis sono, presença e intensidade da dor e orientação para exercícios físicos explicam pior qualidade de vida. Conclusão: os pesquisados em sua maioria eram idosas, sem ocupação, com companheiro, baixa renda, comorbidades, tempo de lesão superior a um ano, recidivas e dor presente. Evidenciou-se necessidade de cuidado integral às pessoas com úlcera venosa, em especial aos idosos. Os aspectos sociodemográficos, clínicos e assistenciais, isolados e em conjunto, estiveram associados a pior qualidade de vida, em especial, sono, dor, orientação de exercícios e referência e contrarreferência nos idosos, que devem ser reconsiderados na assistência integral e multidisciplinar

Mortalidade acumulativa de larvas de Aedes aegypti tratadas com compostos

OBJETIVO Avaliar a eficácia de composto de óleos essenciais de Azadirachta indica, Melaleuca alternifolia, Carapa guianensis e extrato fermentado de Carica papaya sobre larvas de Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae). MÉTODOS O ensaio larvicida foi realizado em triplicata com 300 larvas para cada grupo experimental utilizando larvas de terceiro estádio, as quais foram expostas por 24h, em 2013. Os grupos foram: controles positivos com larvicida industrial (BTI) nas concentrações de 0,37 ppm (CP1) e 0,06 ppm (CP2); tratado com composto de óleos essenciais e extrato fermentado na concentração de 50,0% (G1); tratado composto e óleos essenciais e extrato fermentado na concentração de 25,0% (G2); tratado com composto de óleos essenciais e um extrato fermentado na concentração de 12,5% (G3); controle negativo com água (CN1) e controle dimetil sulfóxido (CN2). As larvas foram monitoradas a cada 60 min através de visualização direta. RESULTADOS Larvas dos grupos CN1 e CN2 não tiveram mortalidade durante o período de 24h de exposição, mas os grupos CP1 e CP2 apresentaram taxa de mortalidade de 100% em relação a CN1 e CN2. Os tratamentos G1, G2 e G3 exerceram atividade larvicida de 65,0%, 50,0% e 78,0%, respectivamente, quando comparados a CN1 e CN2. CONCLUSÕES A associação entre os três óleos essenciais de Azadirachta indica, Melaleuca alternifolia, Carapa guianensis e extrato fermentado de Carica papaya foi eficiente em todas as concentrações testadas, podendo ser utilizado no controle de larvas de terceiro estádio de A. aegypti linhagem Liverpool.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the larvicidal activity of Azadirachta indica, Melaleuca alternifolia, carapa guianensis essential oils and fermented extract of Carica papaya against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae). METHODS The larvicide test was performed in triplicate with 300 larvae for each experimental group using the third larval stage, which were exposed for 24h. The groups were: positive control with industrial larvicide (BTI) in concentrations of 0.37 ppm (PC1) and 0.06 ppm (PC2); treated with compounds of essential oils and fermented extract, 50.0% concentration (G1); treated with compounds of essential oils and fermented extract, 25.0% concentration (G2); treated with compounds of essential oils and fermented extract, 12.5% concentration (G3); and negative control group using water (NC1) and using dimethyl (NC2). The larvae were monitored every 60 min using direct visualization. RESULTS No mortality occurred in experimental groups NC1 and NC2 in the 24h exposure period, whereas there was 100% mortality in the PC1 and PC2 groups compared to NC1 and NC2. Mortality rates of 65.0%, 50.0% and 78.0% were observed in the groups G1, G2 and G3 respectively, compared with NC1 and NC2. CONCLUSIONS The association between three essential oils from Azadirachta indica, Melaleuca alternifolia, Carapa guianensis and fermented extract of Carica papaya was efficient at all concentrations. Therefore, it can be used in Aedes aegypti Liverpool third larvae stage control programs

Diphyllobothriasis, Brazil

Cases of human diphyllobothriasis have been reported worldwide. Only 1 case in Brazil was diagnosed by our institution from January 1998 to December 2003. By comparison, 18 cases were diagnosed from March 2004 to January 2005. All patients who became infected ate raw fish in sushi or sashimi

Adolescentes e adultas jovens infectadas pelo PapilomaVírus Humano (HPV): vulnerabilidades e sentimentos vivenciados

Objetivo: Conhecer as vulnerabilidades vivenciadas por adolescentes e adultas jovens infectadas pelo Papilomavírus Humano atendidas em um centro de referência em Feira de Santana - Bahia.Método: Estudo qualitativo, realizado entrevista semiestruturada com 20 adolescentes e adultas jovens, no período de novembro de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021. Para análise dos dados, utilizaram-se a Análise de Conteúdo proposta por Bardin e o software Iramuteq.Resultados: A descoberta da infecção realça a incompreensão sobre o adoecimento, o medo, o desespero e a culpa, dimensões individuais e coletivas que apontam para o baixo conhecimento sobre o Papilomavírus Humano.Considerações finais: Faz-se necessário a implementação de políticas públicas para minimizar os riscos, pelo conhecimento e enfrentamento às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, bem como estratégias de promoção da saúde e decisões compartilhadas para o processo de mudança de comportamento em adolescentes e adultas jovens. Palavras-chave: Papillomaviridae. Vulnerabilidade em saúde. Adolescente. Adulto jovem

Sociodemographic, clinic and health characterization of people with venous ulcers attended at the family health strategy

Objetivo: caracterizar os aspectos sociodemográficos, de saúde e assistenciais das pessoas com úlceras venosas atendidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) em Maceió-Alagoas. Método: pesquisa transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizada em 36 unidades da ESF com 59 pessoas com úlceras venosas por meio de formulário estruturado. Resultados: as pessoas com úlceras venosas estavam em tratamento &gt; 1 ano (69,5%), eram do sexo feminino (71,2%) e ≥ 60 anos (67,8%). A maioria era não tabagista e não alcoolista, e 100,00% tinham dois ou mais fatores de risco e antecedentes pessoais patológicos, cada. Possuía tempo de lesão &gt; 6 meses (64,4%), dor na úlcera/membro (86,4%) e leito com ≤ 30% de granulação/epitelização (78,0%). Conclusões: as pessoas com úlcera venosa apresentavam: baixo nível socioeconômico, doenças crônicas e características da lesão desfavoráveis contribuindo para cronicidade das lesões

Effect of Dietary Selenium and Vitamin E Supplementation on Testicular Morphology and Serum Testosterone Concentration in Goats Following Scrotal Insulation

Background: Heat directly applied to the testis has been providing information regarding the damage triggering mechanisms on spermatogenesis and possible treatments to prevent testicular changes. Testis submitted to heat-shock have inhibition of the local antioxidant defense mechanisms against lipid peroxidation and free radicals. Vitamin E and Selenium protect biological membranes against free radicals to prevent membrane lipid peroxidation. The current assay evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation with Selenium and Vitamin E on testicular parenchyma and testosterone levels of goats submitted to heat shock by scrotal insulation.Materials, Methods &amp; Results: The effect of dietary selenium and vitamin E supplementation on testicular parameters and serum testosterone concentration was evaluated in goats subjected to scrotal insulation. The animals were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 6) to receive either a control diet (CO) or a diet supplemented with selenium and vitamin E (SE). The animals received supplementation for 120 days: 60 days prior to scrotal insulation, 18 days during scrotal insulation and 42 days after scrotal insulation. Orchiectomy was performed on three animals from each group, immediately after the end of scrotal insulation. The remaining animals were neutered at the end of the experimental period (120 days). Testicles were routinely processed and embedded in glycol methacrylate, stained with toluidine blue/1% sodium borate and evaluated qualitative and quantitatively. Serum testosterone concentrations were determined by enzyme immunoassay at the time of the orchiectomy. Scrotal circumference was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in goats of the SE group (23.0 ± 1.00 cm) than those of the control group (20.0 ± 1.00 cm) at the end of the scrotal insulation period (Day 18).  At the end of the experimental period (Day 42 post-scrotal insulation (PSI)), the seminiferous tubule diameter and seminiferous epithelium height were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in the SE group than in control. Histological changes associated with testicular degeneration were detected after 18 days of scrotal insulation in the goats of the control group. The animals of SE group had some histological changes of seminiferous tubules but the majority of them had normal association of germ cells. Selenium and vitamin E supplementation did not seem to avoid testicular damage caused by scrotal insulation but accelerated testicular recovery after the removal of insulation. Testosterone serum levels were not changed in the animals submitted to scrotal insulation, with or without dietary supplementation with selenium and vitamin E.Discussion: In the current study, scrotal insulation for 18 days caused testicular degeneration in both groups. However, selenium and vitamin E supplementation were capable of maintaining the scrotal circumference on the 18th day of insulation in the SE group. Previous reports suggested that selenium and vitamin E could protect cell membranes against the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species. However, the histopathological changes and morphometric data observed in the both groups after 18 days of insulation demonstrated that supplementation with these antioxidants did not prevent the damage caused by heat stress.  In turn, at 42 days after the removal of insulation, the tubular diameter and seminiferous epithelium height was greater in animals supplemented with selenium and vitamin E. In addition, the animals that received supplementation had most of seminiferous tubules with cell associations of the seminiferous epithelium cycle. Vitamin E and selenium may reduce testicle sensitivity to heat and thereby shorten the spermatogenesis recovery time by 10 to 20 days. Selenium plus vitamin E added to feed was unable to prevent the degeneration of the testicular parenchyma in these animals. Nonetheless, the supplementation with both antioxidants hastened the recovery of spermatogenesis after the thermal injury