71 research outputs found
Dietary iron concentration may influence aging process by altering oxidative stress in tissues of adult rats
Iron is an essential element. However, in its free form, iron participates in redox-reactions, leading to the production of free
radicals that increase oxidative stress and the risk of damaging processes. Living organisms have an efficient mechanism
that regulates iron absorption according to their iron content to protect against oxidative damage. The effects of restricted
and enriched-iron diets on oxidative stress and aging biomarkers were investigated. Adult Wistar rats were fed diets
containing 10, 35 or 350 mg/kg iron (adult restricted-iron, adult control-iron and adult enriched-iron groups, respectively)
for 78 days. Rats aged two months were included as a young control group. Young control group showed higher
hemoglobin and hematocrit values, lower levels of iron and lower levels of MDA or carbonyl in the major studied tissues
than the adult control group. Restricted-iron diet reduced iron concentrations in skeletal muscle and oxidative damage in
the majority of tissues and also increased weight loss. Enriched-iron diet increased hematocrit values, serum iron, gammaglutamyl
transferase, iron concentrations and oxidative stress in the majority of tissues. As expected, young rats showed
higher mRNA levels of heart and hepatic L-Ferritin (Ftl) and kidneys SMP30 as well as lower mRNA levels of hepatic Hamp
and interleukin-1 beta (Il1b) and also lower levels of liver protein ferritin. Restricted-iron adult rats showed an increase in
heart Ftl mRNA and the enriched-iron adult rats showed an increase in liver nuclear factor erythroid derived 2 like 2 (Nfe2l2)
and Il1b mRNAs and in gut divalent metal transporter-1 mRNA (Slc11a2) relative to the control adult group. These results
suggest that iron supplementation in adult rats may accelerate aging process by increasing oxidative stress while iron
restriction may retards it. However, iron restriction may also impair other physiological processes that are not associated
with aging
Mineral bioavailability in vegetarian and omnivorous meals served in a university restaurant
Objetivo: Avaliar a biodisponibilidade de cálcio, ferro e zinco nas dietas vegetarianas e onívoras, servidas no Restaurante
Universitário da Universidade de Brasília.
Métodos: Foram coletadas três amostras de cada refeição, durante 5 dias, para determinação do conteúdo de fitato.
O conteúdo em cálcio ferro e zinco foi estimado a partir de tabelas de composição de alimentos. A razão molar entre o ácido fítico e o mineral dietéticos foi utilizada como critério para avaliar a biodisponibilidade.
Resultados: As concentrações médias de ácido fítico, cálcio e ferro foram significantemente maiores na dieta vegetariana (p=0,0002; p=0,0015 e p=0,0227, respectivamente), enquanto a concentração de Zinco foi maior na dieta onívora (p=0,0205). Ambas as dietas apresentaram razões molares ácido fítico: cálcio e ácido fítico: ferro
inferiores aos valores críticos (1,56 e 14, respectivamente), sugerindo que o fitato não deve comprometer a biodisponibilidade do cálcio ou do ferro nessas refeições. A razão molar ácido fítico: zinco, na dieta vegetariana, foi de 9,3 e na onívora de 4,9, caracterizando-as como refeições de média e alta biodisponibilidade para o
zinco, respectivamente. O feijão e a soja eram os componentes dietéticos mais ricos em fitato nas duas refeições.
Conclusão: Devido aos teores de cálcio e ferro nas duas refeições, a presença de fitato não deve representar risco de
deficiência desses minerais para indivíduos que se alimentam diariamente no Restaurante Universitário da Universidade de Brasília. Entretanto, devido ao baixo teor de zinco nas refeições, a presença do fitato pode
representar um risco de deficiência desse mineral, principalmente, para homens vegetarianos.Objective: To assess the bioavailability of calcium, iron and zinc in vegetarian and omnivorous meals served in the
university restaurant of the Universidade de Brasília. Methods: Three samples of each meal were collected during 5 days to determine the concentration of phytate. Calcium,
iron and zinc contents were estimated by using food composition tables. The molar ratio between phytic acid
and the dietary mineral was used as a criterion to evaluate mineral bioavailability. Results: The mean concentrations of phytate, calcium and iron were significantly higher in the vegetarian
meal (p=0.0002; p=0.0015 e p=0.0227, respectively), while zinc concentration was higher in the omnivorous meal (p=0.0205). Both meals presented molar ratios of phytate to calcium and phytate to iron below the
critical values (1.56 and 14, respectively) suggesting that phytate in these meals should not impair calcium and iron bioavailability. The molar ratio of phytic acid to zinc in the vegetarian meal was 9.4, while in the omnivorous meal it was 4.3, characterizing them as medium and high bioavailability meals for zinc, respectively. Beans and
soy were the highest sources of phytate in both meals. Conclusion: Due to the calcium and iron contents in both meals served in the university restaurant of the Universidade de
Brasília, phytate content should not induce calcium and iron deficiency in individuals that consume these meals daily. However, given the low zinc content in the meals, phytate content may represent a risk for the
development of zinc deficiency, especially in vegetarian men
Análise eletroforética para detectar e quantificar soro de leite adicional em leite e bebidas lácteas
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE system, was adjusted to detect the presence of additional whey in dairy beverages distributed in a Brazilian Government School Meals Program. Aqueous solutions of samples in 8 M urea were submitted to a polyacrylamide gel gradient (10% to 18%). Gel scans from electrophoresis patterns of previously adulterated milk samples showed that caseins peak areas decreased while peak areas of b -lactoglobulin plus a -lactalbumin increased as the percentage of raw milk powder replaced by whey powder increased. The relative densitometer areas of caseins or b -lactoglobulin plus a -lactalbumin plotted against the percentage of whey added to the raw milk showed a linear correlation coefficient square higher than 0.97. The caseins plot was used to determine the percentage of additional whey in 116 dairy beverages, chocolate or coffee flavor. Considering that the lowest relative caseins concentration found in commercial milk powder samples by the present method was 72%, the dairy beverages containing caseins percentages equal to or higher than this value were considered free of additional whey. Based on this criterion, about 49% of the coffee-flavor dairy beverages and 29% of the chocolate-flavor beverages, among all the samples analyzed were adulterated with whey protein to reach the total protein contents specified on their labels. The present method showed a sensitivity of 5% to additional whey.A adulteração de bebidas lácteas, distribuídas no Programa Nacional da Merenda Escolar, pela adição de soro, foi investigada através da análise eletroforética em sistema de SDS-PAGE. Soluções aquosas de amostras em uréia 8M, foram submetidas a um gradiente de 10% a 18% de gel de poliacrilamida. Após a eletroforese, o gel corado com "Comassie Blue" foi submetido à densitometria para identificação e quantificação das proteínas lácteas. A partir de amostras de leite em pó, previamente adulteradas com diferentes proporções de soro em pó (0 a 100%) foi observada alta correlação linear entre a concentração relativa de soro adicionado ao leite e as concentrações de proteínas lácteas. Esta correlação foi inversamente proporcional ao percentual de caseínas (r2 = 0,987) e diretamente proporcional à soma dos percentuais de b -lactoglobulina e a -lactalbumina (r2 = 0,979) apresentados nos densitogramas. A partir da curva padrão de caseínas versus soro adicionado foi estimada a magnitude das adulterações encontradas nas bebidas lácteas sabor chocolate e café do programa da merenda escolar. Tendo em vista que, amostras de leite em pó comerciais analisadas através deste método apresentaram uma concentração mínima de 72% de caseínas, as bebidas lácteas, contendo percentual igual ou superior a este valor, foram consideradas livres de soro adicional. Baseado neste critério, cerca de 49 % das bebidas lácteas, sabor café, e 29 % sabor chocolate, de um total de 58 amostras analisadas por sabor, apresentaram adulteração. O método proposto apresenta uma sensibilidade de 5% de soro adicionado
Brazilian savanna fruits contain higher bioactive compounds content and higher antioxidant activity relative to the conventional red delicious apple
The bioactive compounds content and the antioxidant activity (AA) of twelve fruits native to the Cerrado were compared with the Red Delicious apple by means of the antiradical efficiency (using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil assay/DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the b-carotene/linoleic system. The antiradical efficiency (AE) and the kinetic parameters (Efficient concentration/EC50 and time needed to reach the steady state to EC50 concentration/TEC50) of the DPPH curve were also evaluated for comparison with the Trolox equivalent (TE) values. A strong, significant and positive correlation was observed between the TE and AE values, whereas a weak and negative correlation was observed between TE and EC50, suggesting that the values of AE and TE are more useful for the determination of antiradical activity in fruits than the widely used EC50. The total phenolic content found in the fruits corresponded positively to their antioxidant activity. The high content of bioactive compounds (flavanols, anthocyanins or vitamin C) relative to the apple values found in araticum, cagaita, cajuzinho, jurubeba, lobeira, magaba and tucum corresponded to the high antioxidant activity of these fruits. Flavanols and anthocyanins may be the main bioactive components in these Cerrado fruits. The daily consumption of at least seven of the twelve Cerrado fruits studied, particularly, araticum, cagaita, lobeira and tucum, may confer protection against oxidative stress, and thus, they may prevent chronic diseases and premature aging. The findings of this study should stimulate demand, consumption and cultivation of Cerrado fruits and result in sustainable development of the region where this biome dominates
Associação dos marcadores do estado oxidativo e inflamatório com a desnutrição em pacientes hemodialisados com ferritina menor do que 500 ng/mL
Introduction: Enhanced inflammatory-oxidative
status is well established in chronic
kidney disease. Objective: The objective
of this study was to evaluate the oxidative-
inflammatory status and iron indices
in patients undergoing maintenance
hemodialysis (HD) with serum ferritin
lower than 500ng/mL, and to correlate
them with nutritional status. Method: In
a cross-sectional survey 35 HD patients
(23 with normal nutritional status, 12
with Protein-Energy-Wasting syndrome,
PEW), and healthy volunteers (n = 35)
were studied. Serum concentration of
iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation, malondialdehyde
(MDA), protein carbonyl
(PC), high-sensitive serum C - reactive
protein (hs-CRP) and blood counts were
determined. The nutritional status was
determined by anthropometric and biochemical
criteria. Results: HD patients
showed low values of hemoglobin and
higher values of ferritin, MDA and PC
when compared with healthy volunteers.
HD subjects with PEW had higher values
of PC and hs-PCR as compared to HD
patients with normal nutritional status.
A multiple logistic regression analysis
showed that the independent variables
PC (Wald Statistic 4.25, p = 0.039) and
hs-CRP (Wald Statistic 4.83, p = 0.028)
where related with the patients' nutritional
condition. Conclusion: In HD patients
with serum ferritin below 500 ng/mL was
observed one association of the markers
of oxidative stress and inflammation with
poor nutritional status independently of
serum ferritin, gender and age. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMOIntrodução: Na doença renal crônica, a
presença de um estado inflamatório-oxidativo
aumentado está bem estabelecida.
Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi
avaliar o estado oxidativo e inflamatório
e o perfil do ferro em pacientes submetidos
à hemodiálise crônica de manutenção,
com ferritina menor do que 500 ng/mL, e
correlacioná-los com o estado nutricional.
Método: Em estudo transversal, em 35 pacientes
sob hemodiálise (23 com estado nutricional
normal, 12 com desnutrição energético-
proteica (DEP) e 35 voluntários sadios
foram determinados os índices hematimétricos
e as concentrações séricas do ferro, da
ferritina e avaliada a saturação de transferrina.
O estado oxidativo foi determinado por
meio das concentrações séricas do malondialdeído
(MDA) e da proteína carbonil (PC).
Nos indivíduos sob hemodiálise o estado
inflamatório foi avaliado por meio da proteína
C reativa ultrassensível determinada
no soro (hs-PCR). O estado nutricional foi
determinado por critérios antropométricos
e bioquímicos. Resultados: Os pacientes da
hemodiálise mostraram anemia e um estado
oxidativo mais elevado do que os voluntários
sadios. Os pacientes hemodialisados com
DPE mostraram ferritina e um estado inflamatório-
oxidativo mais elevado se comparados
aos com boa condição nutricional.
Em análise de regressão logística múltipla,
os níveis séricos de PC e hs-CRP foram correlacionados
com o estado nutricional. PC
(Estatística Wald 4.25, p = 0,039), CRP (Estatística
Wald 4.83, p = 0,028). Conclusão:
Em indivíduos submetidos à hemodiálise,
com ferritina menor do que 500 ng/mL. Observou-
se uma associação entre os marcadores
de estresse oxidativo e inflamatório com
o estado nutricional, independentemente da
idade, gênero e dos índices do ferro
Use of Si-Phytoliths in depollution of mining areas in the Cerrado-Caatinga region, MG, Brazil
International audienceTreating of metal contaminated areas became a very important problem with increasing industrial and agricultural activities. Many of the used methods are very expensive, need intensive human interaction or have a very negative influence on the cleaned regions. The use of Si-Phytolites is a simple, low cost and a very effective way to obtain good results in low contaminated or as the final process in highly contaminated places. The method is based on the fact that a lot of plants produce Si-Phytolits and trap significant quantities of heavy metals in these amorphous to microcrystalline structures. The solubility of the Si-Phytolits under Brazilian soil conditions is lower than that of the heavy elements brought directly in the soil by the wash or fall out, or by degrading of organic parts of the plants at the upper part of surface. In this way, it is possible to retain liberation to the environment from short to longer periods and attend environmental laws and norms.Initial tests with different plants like Ricinus comunis L., Andropogon arundinaceus Willd., Zea Mays L., Brachiaria sp. L. and Saccharum officinarum L. planted on substrates with metal concentrations (Al, Fe, Mn, Ti, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ba, Hg, S) have shown that the plants absorbed elements and quantities in the different parts like leaves, roots, stems, flowers and fruits. This allows a selective use due to contamination varieties and a possible economic use of parts of the plants and an effective planning of the decontamination conditions
Increasing quantities of phytic acid in the diet did not affect casein digestibility and weight gain in rats
O crescente consumo de alimentos de origem vegetal, sejam como fontes protéicas com baixo teor de gordura
ou como fontes de fibras, tem acrescido à dieta humana o ácido fítico. Devido à sua carga altamente negativa,
o ácido fítico tem sido visto como componente de ação antinutricional capaz de quelar minerais bivalentes,
proteínas e amido, podendo comprometer a biodisponibilidade destes nutrientes. No presente estudo
investigou-se a influência da adição de ácido fítico à dieta de caseína, em concentrações iguais ou até oito
vezes superiores àquelas encontradas no feijão-comum Phaseolus vulgaris, cultivar IAC-Carioca (14,7mg de
ácido fítico/g feijão cru), durante período experimental de dez dias, sobre os índices nutricionais Ganho de
Peso, Quociente de Eficiência da Dieta, Quociente de Eficiência Protéica Líquida, Digestibilidade Aparente e
Digestibilidade Verdadeira. Trinta e seis ratos machos SPF da linhagem Wistar, recém-desmamados, divididos
em grupos experimentais com seis ratos cada, foram alimentados com dieta purificada AIN-93G isenta de
ácido fítico (Controle) e dietas teste AIN-93G acrescidas de 218, 436, 872 e 1744mg de ácido fítico/kg de
dieta (Tratamentos). Os ganhos de peso (g) e os índices de qualidade dietética e protéica não apresentaram
diferença estatística (p>0,05), e os valores médios entre os grupos foram: Ganho de Peso: 59,5 + 5,0g;
Quociente de Eficiência da Dieta: 0,39 + 0,01; Quociente de Eficiência Protéica Líquida: 3,64 + 0,12; Digestibilidade Aparente: 92,7 + 1,1% e Digestibilidade Verdadeira: 94,4 + 0,9%. Os resultados demonstraram
que nas condições experimentais utilizadas, o ácido fítico não foi capaz de alterar o valor nutritivo da caseína. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe recent increasing consumption of vegetal origin foods, in order to obtain protein or fiber sources with low
fat, has led to the presence of various amounts of phytic acid in the diet. The phytic acid has a strong negative
charge and is capable of interacting with divalent minerals, protein and starch, reducing their bioavailability.
In the present study, increasing quantities of phytic acid were added to the purified diet AIN-93G, more
specifically 0 (Control), 218, 436, 872 and 1744 mg/kg of diet, which correspond (except the control diet) to
the concentration of 14.7mg of phytic of acid/g of raw bean, found in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris,
cultivar. IAC-Carioca), representing a one to eightfold increase, respectively. Thirty-six weaning Wistar rats were
fed, during an experimental period of ten days, the purified diet AIN-93G without phytic acid (Control) and the
experimental diets containing the cited amounts of phytic acid per kg of diet (six rats per group). The Weight
Gain, the Diet Efficiency Ratio and the Protein Quality Indexes Net Protein Ratio, Apparent Digestibility and
True Digestibility were determined and showed no statistical difference (p>0.05). The mean values among the
groups were: Weight Gain: 59.5 + 5.0g; Diet Efficiency Ratio: 0.39 + 0.01; Net Protein Ratio: 3.64 + 0.12;
Apparent Digestibility: 92.7 + 1.1% and True Digestibility: 94.4 + 0.9%. Thus, the results showed that phytic
acid did not affect the nutritive value of casein
A atuação dos cuidados paliativos nas instituições de longa permanência para idosos (ILPI): uma revisão bibliográfica: The performance of palliative care in long stay institutions for the elderly: a bibliographic review
Hodiernamente, tem sido observado um aumento relevante da expectativa de vida da população global. Concomitante a essa transição demográfica surgem discussões acerca dos cuidados proporcionados no fim da vida, no que se refere ao seu manejo e acerca das considerações éticas envolvidas. Essa revisão tem como objetivo principal a caracterização do cuidado paliativo em uma Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI). Se trata de uma revisão de literatura, sendo utilizada a plataforma de Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS) como instrumento de pesquisa, na qual os descritores usados foram: Cuidados Paliativos, Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos, Medicina e Idoso. No que concerne os resultados, os cuidados paliativos em idosos institucionalizados não devem ter visão de fracasso no que se refere aos profissionais, já que a morte se trata de um processo natural, todavia, é preciso que a equipe multidisciplinar utilize estratégias que possam oferecer o alívio do sofrimento tanto físico como mental para essas pessoas, além de disponibilizar ao idoso um processo de terminalidade com dignidade e respeito. Ademais, é imprescindível novos estudos que abordem estratégias de atendimento, captação e inserção dos CP nos serviços de saúde, para que possam contribuir para a melhor qualificação do cuidado na terminalidade com qualidade
Brazilian network for HIV Drug Resistance Surveillance (HIV-BresNet): a survey of treatment-naive individuals
Introduction: In Brazil, more than 487,450 individuals are currently undergoing antiretroviral treatment. In order to monitor the transmission of drug-resistant strains and HIV subtype distribution in the country, this work aimed to estimate its prevalence and to characterize the nationwide pretreatment drug resistance in individuals recently diagnosed with HIV between 2013 and 2015. Methods: The HIV threshold survey methodology (HIV-THS, WHO) targeting antiretroviral-naive individuals with recent HIV diagnosis was utilized, and subjects were selected from 51 highly populated cities in all five Brazilian macroregions. The HIV pol genotypic test was performed by genomic sequencing. Results: We analysed samples from 1568 antiretroviral-naive individuals recently diagnosed with HIV, and the overall transmitted drug resistance (TDR) prevalence was 9.5% (150 sequences). The regional prevalence of resistance according to Brazilian geographical regions was 9.4% in the northeast, 11.2% in the southeast, 6.8% in the central region, 10.2% in the north and 8.8% in the south. The inhibitor-specific TDR prevalence was 3.6% for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 5.8% for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and 1.6% for protease inhibitors (PIs)1.0% of individuals presented resistance to more than one class of inhibitors. Overall, subtype B was more prevalent in every region except for the southern, where subtype C prevails. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first TDR study conducted in Brazil with nationwide representative sampling. The TDR prevalence revealed a moderate rate in the five Brazilian geographical regions, although some cities presented higher TDR prevalence rates, reaching 14% in Sao Paulo, for example. These results further illustrate the importance of surveillance studies for designing future strategies in primary antiretroviral therapy, aiming to mitigate TDR, as well as for predicting future trends in other regions of the globe where mass antiretroviral (ARV) treatment was implemented.Brazilian Ministry of HealthUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Lab Virol Mol, Dept Genet IB, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilFdn Med Trop Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilLAPI Univ Fed Bahia, Hosp Univ Prof Edgar Santos, Lab Pesquisa, Salvador, BA, BrazilLab Cent Saude Publ Ceara Lacen CE, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilLab Cent Saude Publ Dist Fed, Setor Grandes Areas Norte SGAN 601, Brasilia, DF, BrazilUniv Fed Minas Gerais UFMG, Fac Med, Lab Imunol & Biol Mol DIP, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilLab Cent Saude Publ Mato Grosso Sul, Campo Grande, MS, BrazilLab Cent Saude Publ Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BrazilLab Municipal Curitiba, Curitiba, PR, BrazilFiocruz MS, Lab AIDS & Imunol Mol, Dept Imunol, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Hosp Univ Clementino Fraga Filho, Lab Carga Viral, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilInst Biol Exercito, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilLab Cent Saude Publ Rio Grande Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilLab Hosp Nossa Senhora Conceicao, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilLab Cent Saude Publ Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, BrazilUNESP, Lab Biol Mol Hemocentro Botucatu, Fac Med, Botucatu, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Lab Pesquisa AIDS, Hosp Clin, Campinas, SP, BrazilInst Adolfo Lutz Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Lab Biol Mol, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Escola Paulista Med, Lab Retrovirol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilInst Adolfo Lutz Cent, Lab Retrovirus, Ctr Virol, Nucleo Doencas Sanguineas & Sexuais, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilMinist Saude, Dept Vigilancia Prevencao & Controle DST AIDS & H, Setor Adm Fed Sul SAFS 02, Secretaria Vigilancia Saude, Brasilia, DF, BrazilUniv Brasilia, Programa Pos Grad Saude Colet, Fac Med, Fac Ciencias Saude, Brasilia, DF, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Escola Paulista Med, Lab Retrovirol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilBMH: TC 298/12Web of Scienc
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