Do Monetary Incentives and Chained Questions Affect the Validity of Risk Estimates Elicited via the Exchangeability Method? An Experimental Investigation

Using a laboratory experiment, we investigate the validity of stated risks elicited via the Exchangeability Method (EM) by defining a valuation method based on de Finetti’s notion of coherence. The reliability of risk estimates elicited through the EM has been theoretically questioned because the chained structure of the game, in which each question depends on the respondent’s answer to the previous one, is thought to potentially undermine the incentive compatibility of the elicitation mechanism even when real monetary incentives are provided. Our results suggest that superiority of real monetary incentives is not evident when people are presented with chained experimental designlab experiment, risk elicitation, exchangeability, validity, pesticide residue

Real Monetary Incentives and Chained Questions: An Experimental Study Investigating the Validity of Risk Estimates Elicited via Exchangeability Method

Risk and Uncertainty,

Publication of Le Messager [Articles]

Photocopy of two newspaper clippings. Clipping 1: \u27Le Messager, Silent For Months, Disappears From Twin Cities, Completely\u27 Photocopy of an article by Sandra Shaw detailing the cessation of Le Messager from print. The article is dated May 14, 1970. This article is written in English. Clipping 2: \u27Un Des Premiers\u27 Photocopy of a feature on Joseph-L. Gagné from an undated, unknown source. This article is written in French.https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/le-messager/1048/thumbnail.jp

Review of strategies to address social determinants of health and health disparities to improve health outcomes

Background: In the United States, medical care accounts for roughly 10% of health outcomes. All other contributions to health outcomes are attributed to genetics, environment, social circumstances, and behaviors. These categories are collectively known as social determinants of health (SDOH), which can cause health inequities and disparities. It is becoming increasingly important to address the underlying factors of health outcomes as reimbursement for quality of care becomes the norm in the United States.   Methods: A literature review using Google Scholar was conducted to identify strategies that health care organizations can implement to address social determinants of health within their communities.      Results: At the organizational level, a robust population health management program and screening for social determinants are important to identify patients who may need assistance with social determinants of health. Technology is a critical tool for success with these endeavors; however, organizations must be cognizant of physician burnout. At the community level, community partnerships are necessary to extend care outside of the hospital’s walls. Additionally, selecting medical conditions associated with key social determinants is a practical approach to measuring return on investment.    Conclusion: Effectively integrating new programs, technology, and community partnerships that target the vulnerable populations into a healthcare organization can prove to be beneficial in improving health outcomes and lowering healthcare costs

Education and Outreach at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center

NASA?s Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) Program Office maintains a year-round educational program for undergraduate and graduate students. Within NASA?s Goddard Space Flight Center, the Exploration and Space Communications Projects Division implements the SCaN intern program with a focus on space operations, including operations of orbiting spacecraft, space communications, ground activities and networking. The intern program enables students to work with various NASA projects in solving real-world problems inside the Exploration and Space Communications division. Goddard interns have been assigned to the NASA?s Near Earth Network facilities in Greenbelt, Maryland, and Wallops, Virginia. They have also been assigned to NASA?s Space Network facilities in Greenbelt, Maryland, and Las Cruces, New Mexico

Assessment of Professionalism in Dentistry

Aims Professionalism is an essential competence for dental professionals and must therefore be assessed in dental education. This research aimed to develop an instrument to assess professionalism within dentistry. Materials and Methods The work was conducted in three stages: 1. a qualitative in-depth interview study, using framework analysis 2. an assessment strategy was devised and panel tested using focus groups; 3. an assessment tool was evaluated in a test validation study conducted in dental outreach placements. Results Professionalism was conceptualised as the manner in which one reflects on and reconciles different aspects of professional practice and which demonstrates acceptance of professional responsibility. It is manifest in the manner in which work is carried out. It contains both tacit (self-awareness, awareness of others, trustworthiness, and ability to relate to context) and overt (vocational, altruistic, responsibility and accountability) aspects. Panel testing supported the face and content validity of the system. In a cohort of 81 dental students, staff and student ratings were correlated, all item total correlations exceeded 0.66 and all alphas exceeded 0.95. The intraclass correlations of all domains exceeded 0.96. All hypothesised relationships between domains were significant but domain scores were unrelated to student age or gender. Domain scores correlated with teachers’ global ratings of students’ professionalism. Conclusions The assessment system is valid and reliable and should be implemented in undergraduate dental education

Comparison of common lilac (Syringa vulgaris) phenology timing between historical data and current Project BudBurst citizen science data: challenges and lessons learned.

Observing the timing of plant phenology provides a way to monitor and predict effects of ecological change on plants. This study compared historical data for common lilac dating from 1956-2003 with recent lilac phenology data collected by Project BudBurst citizen scientists from 2007-2013. Due to the lack of accessible growing degree day data, it was not possible to directly examine climate effects on phenology timing. Instead, we compared geographic distribution patterns between historical and Project BudBurst data to explore what factors might contribute to the timing of phenophase dates between data sets. T-tests were performed on latitude, longitude, and day of year of observation (Julian date) for first flower and first leaf between the two data sets. Differences between latitude were not significant for first flower and first leaf (p = 0.789, p = 0.489, respectively) but there was a difference between longitude for both variables (p\u3c0.001). Mean observation dates for Project BudBurst were 9.5 days earlier for first flower (significantly different, p = 0.0001) and 2.3 days earlier for first leaf (no significant difference, p = 0.063) but the difference in longitude and the small sample size of the Project BudBurst data set makes these findings questionable. Because of the effect of longitude, we suggest future analyses of data by regions. Additional Project BudBurst observations in the western U.S. would allow better comparisons in that region and encouraging observations near historic sites would take advantage of a long, rich data set

Women and lone parenthood : an account of the experiences and feelings of divorced and separated lone mothers.

This thesis is the result of research undertaken for the Doctoral Programme in British Policy Studies at the University of Sheffield, which consisted of one year's taught courses, and two year's research. It is an inter-disciplinary piece of work, drawing on both sociological and social policy literature and deals with women's experiences of marriage, and then lone parenthood, which forms the major part of the thesis, Most of the content is reproduced from and arises from interviews conducted with women while doing fieldwork associated with the research, The thesis illustrates how despite the negative aspects of lone parenthood, such as financial deprivation and loneliness, there are still postive aspects, and women make gains that they would not. give up easily, In addition, dependency is one of the issues covered in the thesis; during marrriage, and as a lone parent, both on the state and on the family. It is suggested that what are in fact occurring are relationships of interdependency rather than dependency, and that despite having negative connotations, being dependent on the state and/or the family, can in fact be part of the process of becoming independent, The thesis then seeks to allow women's own experiences to be heard as far as possible in their own words. From this it is learned that women and their children can gain from lone parenthood, although they could achieve more with additional support and encouragement from the state, and that the negativity surrounding the concept of dependency needs to be challenged