858 research outputs found
Testing quantised inertia on galactic scales
Galaxies and galaxy clusters have rotational velocities apparently too fast
to allow them to be gravitationally bound by their visible matter. This has
been attributed to the presence of invisible (dark) matter, but so far this has
not been directly detected. Here, it is shown that a new model that modifies
inertial mass by assuming it is caused by Unruh radiation, which is subject to
a Hubble-scale (Theta) Casimir effect predicts the rotational velocity (v) to
be: v^4=2GMc^2/Theta (the Tully-Fisher relation) where G is the gravitational
constant, M is the baryonic mass and c is the speed of light. The model
predicts the outer rotational velocity of dwarf and disk galaxies, and galaxy
clusters, within error bars, without dark matter or adjustable parameters, and
makes a prediction that local accelerations should remain above 2c^2/Theta at a
galaxy's edge.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space
Science on 27/7/201
OC-040 A pre-endoscopy point of care test (iga/igg-deamidated gliadin peptide) as a case finding tool for coeliac diseasein secondary care
Coeliac disease (CD) is common yet underdiagnosed. 12.4% CD patients had a gastroscopy within 5 years without duodenal biopsies taken, and coeliac serology was performed in only 30% of patients with anaemia or suspected CD. A pre-endoscopy point of care test (POCT) could potentially fill this gap. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and acceptability of the POCT, Simtomax (IgA/IgG-deamidated gliadin peptide, Tillotts Pharma, Rheinfelden, Switzerland), in detecting CD
The Role of an IgA/IgG-Deamidated Gliadin Peptide Point-of-Care Test in Predicting Persistent Villous Atrophy in Patients With Celiac Disease on a Gluten-Free Diet
OBJECTIVES: Mucosal healing is important in celiac disease (CD) for the prevention of complications. However, obtaining duodenal biopsies is invasive, and there is currently no reliable surrogate marker for histological remission in clinical practice. We aimed to assess the role of a point-of-care test (POCT) based on IgA/IgG-deamidated gliadin peptide, in detecting persistent villous atrophy (VA) in CD.
METHODS: We prospectively recruited patients with CD attending endoscopy for the assessment of histological remission. All patients had IgA-endomysial (EMA) antibodies, IgA-tissue transglutaminase (TTG) antibodies, and the POCT performed, and completed a validated dietary adherence questionnaire. A gastroscopy was performed in all patients, with four biopsies taken from the second part of the duodenum and one from the duodenal bulb. We compared the diagnostic performance of the surrogate markers against duodenal histology as the reference standard.
RESULTS: A total of 217 patients with CD (70% female, age range 16-83 years, median age 53 years) on a gluten-free diet (median duration 6 years) were recruited from 2013 to 2017. Eighty-five (39.2%) patients had persistent VA. The sensitivities of the POCT, TTG, EMA, and the adherence score in detecting VA were 67.1%, 44.7%, 37.7%, and 24.7% respectively (P=0.0005). The combination of the POCT and adherence score only marginally increased the sensitivity to 70.6% (59.7-80.0%).
CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of the POCT was higher than the other surrogate markers in predicting VA. A POCT may provide the additional advantage of an immediate objective assessment of mucosal healing at the time of an office-based follow-up consultation
A community-based, multi-level, multi-setting, multi-component intervention to reduce weight gain among low socioeconomic status Latinx children with overweight or obesity: The Stanford GOALS randomised controlled trial
Background: There are few long-term studies of interventions to reduce in low socioeconomic status children with overweight or obesity. The Stanford GOALS trial evaluated a 3-year, community-based, multi-level, multi-setting, multi-component (MMM) systems intervention, to reduce weight gain among low socioeconomic status, Latinx children with overweight or obesity. Methods: We did a two-arm, parallel group, randomised, open-label, active placebo-controlled trial with masked assessment over 3 years. Families from low-income, primarily Latinx communities in Northern California, CA, USA, with 7–11-year-old children with overweight or obesity were randomly assigned to a MMM intervention or a Health Education (HE) comparison intervention. The MMM intervention included home environment changes and behavioural counselling, community after school team sports, and reports to primary health-care providers. The primary outcome was child BMI trajectory over three years. Secondary outcomes included one- and two-year changes in BMI. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01642836. Findings: Between July 13, 2012, and Oct 3, 2013, 241 families were recruited and randomly assigned to MMM (n=120) or HE (n=121). Children's mean age was 9·5 (SD 1·4) years, 134 (56%) were female and 107 (44%) were male, and 236 (98%) were Latinx. 238 (99%) children participated in year 1, 233 (97%) in year 2, and 227 (94%) in year 3 of follow-up assessments. In intention-to-treat analysis, over 3 years, the difference between intervention groups in BMI trajectory was not significant (mean adjusted difference −0·25 [95% CI −0·90 to 0·40] kg/m2; Cohen's d=0.10; p=0·45). Children in the MMM intervention group gained less BMI over 1 year than did children in the HE intervention group (−0·73 [–1·07 to −0·39] kg/m2, d=0.55); the same was true over 2 years (−0·63 [–1·13 to −0·14] kg/m2; d =0.33). No differential adverse events were observed. Interpretation: The MMM intervention did not reduce BMI gain versus HE over 3 years but the effects over 1 and 2 years in this rigorous trial show the promise of this systems intervention approach for reducing weight gain and cardiometabolic risk factors in low socioeconomic status communities. Funding: US National Institutes of Health
Search for the standard model Higgs boson in tau final states
We present a search for the standard model Higgs boson using hadronically
decaying tau leptons, in 1 inverse femtobarn of data collected with the D0
detector at the Fermilab Tevatron ppbar collider. We select two final states:
tau plus missing transverse energy and b jets, and tau+ tau- plus jets. These
final states are sensitive to a combination of associated W/Z boson plus Higgs
boson, vector boson fusion and gluon-gluon fusion production processes. The
observed ratio of the combined limit on the Higgs production cross section at
the 95% C.L. to the standard model expectation is 29 for a Higgs boson mass of
115 GeV.Comment: publication versio
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