Mastitis subclínica en hatos lecheros medianos del Cantón Babahoyo provincia de Los Ríos

Using the California Mastitis Test (CMT), 736 quarters corresponding to 184 animals from 3 farms with medium milk production in the province of Los Ríos, randomly chosen, were evaluated. From the positive quarters (reactions from traces to very positive cases) a milk sample was taken to perform the test (CMT). 52.17% were positive, according to the intensity of the reaction, 30.89% were very positive (+++), 75.97% were positive (++), 49.43% were slightly positive (+) and 13.87% traces. The risk factors were evaluated with the Guide of Good Livestock Milk Production Practices. Agrocality. 2012, chapters IX, X and XI with the respective literals. 55.88% was compliance with regulations, followed by 26.47 % and 17.64% of the farms evaluated. The estimated economic losses of US $8,174 in the three herds, corresponding to US$ 96 per cow and US $0.31 per cow / day. Compliance with the regulations would reduce the incidence of subclinical mastitis on farms with medium and small-scale dairy production systems.Mediante la prueba de California Mastitis Test (CMT), se evaluaron 736 cuartos correspondientes a 184 animales de 3 fincas de mediana producción de leche en la provincia de Los Ríos, escogidas aleatoriamente. De los cuartos positivos (reacciones desde trazas hasta casos muy positivos) se tomó una muestra de leche para realizar el test (CMT). El 52,17$ 8174 en los tres hatos, correspondiendo a US$96 por vaca y a US$ 0,31 por vaca/día. Con el cumplimiento de la normativa se reduciría la incidencia de mastitis subclínica en las fincas con sistemas de producción de mediano y pequeño nivel de producción láctea

Detection of EGFR mutations with mutation-specific antibodies in stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Immunohistochemistry (IHC) with mutation-specific antibodies may be an ancillary method of detecting EGFR mutations in lung cancer patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>EGFR mutation status was analyzed by DNA assays, and compared with IHC results in five non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and tumor samples from 78 stage IV NSCLC patients.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>IHC correctly identified del 19 in the H1650 and PC9 cell lines, L858R in H1975, and wild-type EGFR in H460 and A549, as well as wild-type EGFR in tumor samples from 22 patients. IHC with the mAb against EGFR with del 19 was highly positive for the protein in all 17 patients with a 15-bp (ELREA) deletion in exon 19, whereas in patients with other deletions, IHC was weakly positive in 3 cases and negative in 9 cases. IHC with the mAb against the L858R mutation showed high positivity for the protein in 25/27 (93%) patients with exon 21 EGFR mutations (all with L858R) but did not identify the L861Q mutation in the remaining two patients.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>IHC with mutation-specific mAbs against EGFR is a promising method for detecting EGFR mutations in NSCLC patients. However these mAbs should be validated with additional studies to clarify their possible role in routine clinical practice for screening EGFR mutations in NSCLC patients.</p

Obstetric outcomes of sars-cov-2 infection in asymptomatic pregnant women

Altres ajuts: Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)Around two percent of asymptomatic women in labor test positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Spain. Families and care providers face childbirth with uncertainty. We determined if SARS-CoV-2 infection at delivery among asymptomatic mothers had different obstetric outcomes compared to negative patients. This was a multicenter prospective study based on universal antenatal screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 42 hospitals tested women admitted for delivery using polymerase chain reaction, from March to May 2020. We included positive mothers and a sample of negative mothers asymptomatic throughout the antenatal period, with 6-week postpartum follow-up. Association between SARS-CoV-2 and obstetric outcomes was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analyses. In total, 174 asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnancies were compared with 430 asymptomatic negative pregnancies. No differences were observed between both groups in key maternal and neonatal outcomes at delivery and follow-up, with the exception of prelabor rupture of membranes at term (adjusted odds ratio 1.88, 95% confidence interval 1.13-3.11; p = 0.015). Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers have higher odds of prelabor rupture of membranes at term, without an increase in perinatal complications, compared to negative mothers. Pregnant women testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 at admission for delivery should be reassured by their healthcare workers in the absence of symptoms

Mastitis subclínica en hatos lecheros medianos del Cantón Babahoyo provincia de Los Ríos

Using the California Mastitis Test (CMT), 736 quarters corresponding to 184 animals from 3 farms with medium milk production in the province of Los Ríos, randomly chosen, were evaluated. From the positive quarters (reactions from traces to very positive cases) a milk sample was taken to perform the test (CMT). 52.17% were positive, according to the intensity of the reaction, 30.89% were very positive (+++), 75.97% were positive (++), 49.43% were slightly positive (+) and 13.87% traces. The risk factors were evaluated with the Guide of Good Livestock Milk Production Practices. Agrocality. 2012, chapters IX, X and XIwith the respective literals. 55.88% was compliance with regulations, followed by 26.47 % and 17.64% of the farms evaluated. The estimated economic losses of US $8,174 in the three herds, corresponding to US$96 per cow and US $0.31 per cow / day. Compliance with the regulations would reduce the incidence of subclinical mastitis on farms with medium and small-scale dairy production systems.Keywords: Dairy herds, mastitis, subclinical.Mediantela prueba de California Mastitis Test (CMT), se evaluaron 736 cuartos correspondientes a 184 animales de 3 fincas de mediana producción de leche en la provincia de Los Ríos, escogidas aleatoriamente. De los cuartos positivos (reacciones desde trazas hastacasos muy positivos) se tomó una muestra de leche para realizar el test (CMT). El 52,17$ 8174 en los tres hatos, correspondiendo a US$96 por vaca y a US$ 0,31 por vaca/día. Con el cumplimiento de la normativa se reduciría laincidencia de mastitis subclínica en las fincascon sistemas de producción de mediano y pequeño nivel de producción láctea

Prevalencia de hidatidosis en bovinos faenados en Babahoyo

In the present study, the prevalence of findingscompatible with hydatic cysts (Echinococcus granulosus) was determined, the investigation was carried out in the Camal Municipal de Babahoyo Province of Los Ríos, which has an average temperature of 25.2 ° C.Lungs, livers and kidneys of 500 cattle slaughtered between January and March 2020 were analyzed. The objective of this research work was to determine the prevalence of hydatid cysts in slaughtered cattle. The variables evaluated were affected organs, races, age and origin of the bovines. Chi square analysis was used with InfoStat statistical software. The resulting prevalence was 1.2% in the bovine liver, the breed with the highest prevalence was the mestizo with 6.53%, the age with the highest prevalencewere cows older than 2 years with 0.67 %and the origin that presented the highest incidence was Caluma with 3.88%.En el presente estudio se determinó la prevalencia de hallazgos compatibles con quistes hidatícos (Echinococcus granulosus), la investigación se realizó en el Camal Municipal de Babahoyo Provincia de Los Ríos la misma que cuenta con una temperatura promedio de 25,2 °C. Se analizó pulmones, hígados y riñones de 500 bovinos faenados entre enero a marzo de 2020. El objetivo de este trabajo investigativo fue determinar la prevalencia de quistes hidatídicos en bovinos faenados. Las variables evaluadas fueron órganos afectados, razas, edad y procedencia de los bovinos. Se utilizó el análisis de chi cuadrado con el software estadístico InfoStat. La prevalencia resultante fue del 1,2% en el hígado de los bovinos, la raza que presento mayor prevalencia fue la mestiza con el 6,53%, la edad que presento mayor prevalencia fueron las vacas mayores de 2 años con un 0,67% y la procedencia que presento mayor incidencia fue de Caluma con el 3,88%

Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) might be curtailed by vaccination. We assessed the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of a viral vectored coronavirus vaccine that expresses the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: We did a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial in five trial sites in the UK of a chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein compared with a meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY) as control. Healthy adults aged 18-55 years with no history of laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection or of COVID-19-like symptoms were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 at a dose of 5 × 1010 viral particles or MenACWY as a single intramuscular injection. A protocol amendment in two of the five sites allowed prophylactic paracetamol to be administered before vaccination. Ten participants assigned to a non-randomised, unblinded ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 prime-boost group received a two-dose schedule, with the booster vaccine administered 28 days after the first dose. Humoral responses at baseline and following vaccination were assessed using a standardised total IgG ELISA against trimeric SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, a muliplexed immunoassay, three live SARS-CoV-2 neutralisation assays (a 50% plaque reduction neutralisation assay [PRNT50]; a microneutralisation assay [MNA50, MNA80, and MNA90]; and Marburg VN), and a pseudovirus neutralisation assay. Cellular responses were assessed using an ex-vivo interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay. The co-primary outcomes are to assess efficacy, as measured by cases of symptomatic virologically confirmed COVID-19, and safety, as measured by the occurrence of serious adverse events. Analyses were done by group allocation in participants who received the vaccine. Safety was assessed over 28 days after vaccination. Here, we report the preliminary findings on safety, reactogenicity, and cellular and humoral immune responses. The study is ongoing, and was registered at ISRCTN, 15281137, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606. FINDINGS: Between April 23 and May 21, 2020, 1077 participants were enrolled and assigned to receive either ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (n=543) or MenACWY (n=534), ten of whom were enrolled in the non-randomised ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 prime-boost group. Local and systemic reactions were more common in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and many were reduced by use of prophylactic paracetamol, including pain, feeling feverish, chills, muscle ache, headache, and malaise (all p<0·05). There were no serious adverse events related to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. In the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, spike-specific T-cell responses peaked on day 14 (median 856 spot-forming cells per million peripheral blood mononuclear cells, IQR 493-1802; n=43). Anti-spike IgG responses rose by day 28 (median 157 ELISA units [EU], 96-317; n=127), and were boosted following a second dose (639 EU, 360-792; n=10). Neutralising antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 32 (91%) of 35 participants after a single dose when measured in MNA80 and in 35 (100%) participants when measured in PRNT50. After a booster dose, all participants had neutralising activity (nine of nine in MNA80 at day 42 and ten of ten in Marburg VN on day 56). Neutralising antibody responses correlated strongly with antibody levels measured by ELISA (R2=0·67 by Marburg VN; p<0·001). INTERPRETATION: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 showed an acceptable safety profile, and homologous boosting increased antibody responses. These results, together with the induction of both humoral and cellular immune responses, support large-scale evaluation of this candidate vaccine in an ongoing phase 3 programme. FUNDING: UK Research and Innovation, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Gießen-Marburg-Langen

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)