Using surveys of Affymetrix GeneChips to study antisense expression.

We have used large surveys of Affymetrix GeneChip data in the public domain to conduct a study of antisense expression across diverse conditions. We derive correlations between groups of probes which map uniquely to the same exon in the antisense direction. When there are no probes assigned to an exon in the sense direction we find that many of the antisense groups fail to detect a coherent block of transcription. We find that only a minority of these groups contain coherent blocks of antisense expression suggesting transcription. We also derive correlations between groups of probes which map uniquely to the same exon in both sense and antisense direction. In some of these cases the locations of sense probes overlap with the antisense probes, and the sense and antisense probe intensities are correlated with each other. This configuration suggests the existence of a Natural Antisense Transcript (NAT) pair. We find the majority of such NAT pairs detected by GeneChips are formed by a transcript of an established gene and either an EST or an mRNA. In order to determine the exact antisense regulatory mechanism indicated by the correlation of sense probes with antisense probes, a further investigation is necessary for every particular case of interest. However, the analysis of microarray data has proved to be a good method to reconfirm known NATs, discover new ones, as well as to notice possible problems in the annotation of antisense transcripts

Rural labor markets, rural nonfarm enterprises and agrarian reform in the Philippines : a review of literature

The agricultural sector in the Philippinescontinues to play an importantrole in the economy despite its limited capacityto absorb the existing rural labor force. This has led to the creation of a strong demand for nonfarm employment in the rural labor market, making the rural nonfarm sector a vital component of the rural economy. The growing interest in rural nonfarm activities stemmed from recent findings on the significant role of rural nonfarm enterprises in employment andincome generation,and in thedevelopment process of developing countries. This paper attempts to bring together and review studies concerning farm and nonfarm linkages, inter-sectoral linkages, and the rural labor markets. The next section focuses on existing studies analyzing the relationship between farm and nonfarm activities, the nature, structure and composition of nonfarm activities, and the linkages of rural nonfarm activities with the other sectors of the economy. Most of these studies explain how the rural nonfarm sector is related to the rest of the economy and howit is likely to react to changes elsewhere in the system. A survey of existing literature on labor demand, supply, and the labor market is presented. Finally, on the basis of thesurvey, research gaps on the area havebeen identified

Proyecto de desarrollo para la elaboración de un estudio de mercado y plan de marketing para la empresa eficensa s.a

El presente trabajo analiza la situación actual de la empresa EFICENSA S.A., para lo cual se desarrolló un estudio de mercado mediante el modelo SERVQUAL, cuyos resultados son favorables respecto a la ventaja diferenciadora que tiene la empresa que es la calidad y el buen servicio. Es necesario reforzar esta imagen mediante estrategias y un adecuado plan de marketing, con el fin de dar a conocer a sus usuarios la principal característica que posee la empresa, que es la de brindar atención oportuna y eficiente

Bridging the Epochs of Ledoux and Da Vinci

Undergraduate Student: Nancy Sanchez Research Mentor(s): Ehsan Sheikholharam Mashhadi Bridging the Epochs of Ledoux and Da Vinci From two different periods of time, Claude-Nicholas Ledoux and Leonardo Da Vinci have transformed the history of architecture and art. Their work has helped shape the two eras they were a part of. Leonardo Da Vinci was from the 16th century and was coined as the ‘Italian Polymath of the High Renaissance era’, due to his extensive knowledge in engineering, painting, architecture, and science. Claude-Nicolas Ledoux was an 18th century neoclassical architect from France. Ledoux produced architecturally innovative work that influenced social changes in pre-revolutionary France. In particular, his most notable work, Salines de Chaux, helped represent the future of urban design by adopting utopian societies and ideology. This utopian ideology challenged the traditional concept of design and introduced a new standard of thinking in rational architecture. On the other hand, Leonardo da Vinci\u27s extraordinary methods and ways of thinking were reflected in his works of art, such as the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper. His methods of drawing set new standards in forms of artistic expression. His thoughts and methods in science and technology were far ahead for his time, but were highly influential in Da Vinci’s era and in the subsequent modern period. By comparing the works of both Ledoux and Da Vinci, readers will have a better understanding of the significance their works had made in architecture and the artists’ receptive fields

Hydrogen Bonding Donor–Acceptor Carbon Nanostructure

The natural process of photosynthesis is paradigmatic in converting sunlight into energy. This complicated process requires a cascade of energy- and electron-transfer events in a highly organised matrix of electron–donor, electron–acceptor and antennae units and has prompted researchers to emulate it. In fact, energy- and electron-transfer processes play a pivotal role in molecular-scale optoelectronics. In this chapter we compile a number of remarkable examples of noncovalent aggregates formed by the combination of carbon-based electroactive species (fullerenes and carbon nanotubes) hydrogen bonded with a variety of moieties. We will show that: (a) the connection of complementary electroactive species by means of H bonds in C60-based donor–acceptor ensembles is at least as efficient as that found in covalently connected systems; (b) hydrogen-bonding fullerene chemistry is a versatile concept to construct supramolecular polymers, and (c) H-bonding interactions is contributing to create very appealing carbon-nanotube-based donor–acceptor supramolecular architectures

Minimal Modification To The Tri-bimaximal Neutrino Mixing

Current experimental data on neutrino oscillations are consistent with the tri-bimaximal mixing. If future experimental data will determine a non-zero $V_{e3}$ and/or find CP violations in neutrino oscillations, there is the need to modify the mixing pattern. We find that a simple neutrino mass matrix, resulting from $A_4$ family symmetry breaking with residual $Z_3$ and $Z_2$ discrete symmetries respectively for the Higgs sectors generating the charged lepton and neutrino mass matrices, can satisfy the required modifications. The neutrino mass matrix is minimally modified with just one additional complex parameter compared with the one producing the tri-bimaximal mixing. In this case, the CP violating Jarlskog factor $J$ has a simple form ($|J|=|V_{e1}V_{e3}|/2\sqrt{3}$ for real neutrino mass matrix), and also $V_{\mu i} = 1/\sqrt{3}$. We also discuss how this mixing matrix can be tested experimentally.Comment: Latex 11 pages with no figures. References adde

Synthesis of molybdenum oxide nanoparticles by nanosecond laser ablation

Phothermal therapy (PTT) is one of the most promising techniques to treat cancer. Finding the ideal PTT agent nanomaterial has remained a challenge and has brought the interest of several researchers. In this work, we report the synthesis of molybdenum oxide (MoOx) nanoparticles (NPs), which exhibit absorption in the biological optical window ~840 nm, by using the laser ablation of solids in liquids (LASL) technique with nanosecond (ns) pulses. A Nd:YAG laser was used to synthesize the NPs in deionized (DI) water, free of surfactants or additives, which were optically characterized by absorption spectroscopy and TEM-EDX microscopy. Semi spherical NPs with a suitable average size and shape for potential use as PTT agents were obtained by laser ablation and ablation + fragmentation. The calculated band gap is 3.1 eV, which corresponds to MoO3. Micro-Raman spectroscopy studies determined that these NPs are composed of amorphous molybdenum oxide hydrates (MoO3 · xH2O)

Activation of G proteins by GIV-GEF is a pivot point for insulin resistance and sensitivity.

Insulin resistance (IR) is a metabolic disorder characterized by impaired insulin signaling and cellular glucose uptake. The current paradigm for insulin signaling centers upon the insulin receptor (InsR) and its substrate IRS1; the latter is believed to be the sole conduit for postreceptor signaling. Here we challenge that paradigm and show that GIV/Girdin, a guanidine exchange factor (GEF) for the trimeric G protein Gαi, is another major hierarchical conduit for the metabolic insulin response. By virtue of its ability to directly bind InsR, IRS1, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase, GIV serves as a key hub in the immediate postreceptor level, which coordinately enhances the metabolic insulin response and glucose uptake in myotubes via its GEF function. Site-directed mutagenesis or phosphoinhibition of GIV-GEF by the fatty acid/protein kinase C-theta pathway triggers IR. Insulin sensitizers reverse phosphoinhibition of GIV and reinstate insulin sensitivity. We also provide evidence for such reversible regulation of GIV-GEF in skeletal muscles from patients with IR. Thus GIV is an essential upstream component that couples InsR to G-protein signaling to enhance the metabolic insulin response, and impairment of such coupling triggers IR. We also provide evidence that GIV-GEF serves as therapeutic target for exogenous manipulation of physiological insulin response and reversal of IR in skeletal muscles

Tetra­aqua­{1-[(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)meth­yl]-1H-imidazole}­sulfato­manganese(II) dihydrate

In the title complex, [Mn(SO4)(C10H9N5)(H2O)4]·2H2O, the Mn2+ cation is six-coordinated by one N atom from a 1-[(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)meth­yl]-1H-imidazole ligand and five O atoms from one monodentate sulfate ligand and four water mol­ecules in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. In the crystal, adjacent mol­ecules are linked through O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network

Governance And Its Impact On Textile Companies

From an economic perspective, the flaws and weaknesses of the government seem to be more evident because of situations such as vagueness of the boundaries between governments and public policies that make it harder work in an attempt to regulate activities of companies to generate small effective numbers and productive trade relations. To know the situation in the textile sector a diagnostic was carried out in 17 companies in production, technological development areas and university services, with an exploratory and quantitative study, and transeccional design. Afterwards were given a qualitative perspective with action research design when applying interviews with government representatives, and advisory councils, chambers of commerce to establish their participation in finding solutions in relations to the problems observed: distrust of the business sector programs offered by the government, minimal participation in training and innovation forums in Consultation Councils and in the decision-making process which prevent the sector increase its development