Valores antropométricos de referencia para la clasificación del talento en la lucha

Fueron estudiados un total de 64 atletas de 13- 14 años, de Lucha Libre, de 8 divisiones de peso corporal, de las 5 provincias orientales de Cuba. A partir de mediciones antropométricas, y luego de obtenidos los patrones morfológicos subyacentes en los atletas en estudio y su orden de importancia para el proceso de selección de talentos, se proponen valores para clasificar los atletas, según variable, en Talento 1 o Talento 2

Dystonia: sparse synapses for D2 receptors in striatum of a DYT1 knock-out mouse model

Dystonia pathophysiology has been partly linked to downregulation and dysfunction of dopamine D2 receptors in striatum. We aimed to investigate the possible morpho-structural correlates of D2 receptor downregulation in the striatum of a DYT1 Tor1a mouse model. Adult control Tor1a+/+ and mutant Tor1a+/− mice were used. The brains were perfused and free-floating sections of basal ganglia were incubated with polyclonal anti-D2 antibody, followed by secondary immune-fluorescent antibody. Confocal microscopy was used to detect immune-fluorescent signals. The same primary antibody was used to evaluate D2 receptor expression by western blot. The D2 receptor immune-fluorescence appeared circumscribed in small disks (~0.3–0.5 μm diameter), likely representing D2 synapse aggregates, densely distributed in the striatum of Tor1a+/+ mice. In the Tor1a+/− mice the D2 aggregates were significantly smaller (μm2 2.4 ± SE 0.16, compared to μm2 6.73 ± SE 3.41 in Tor1a+/+) and sparse, with ~30% less number per microscopic field, value correspondent to the amount of reduced D2 expression in western blotting analysis. In DYT1 mutant mice the sparse and small D2 synapses in the striatum may be insufficient to “gate” the amount of presynaptic dopamine release diffusing in peri-synaptic space, and this consequently may result in a timing and spatially larger nonselective sphere of influence of dopamine action

P2Y1 receptor switches to neurons from glia in juvenile versus neonatal rat cerebellar cortex

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In the CNS, several P2 receptors for extracellular nucleotides are identified on neurons and glial cells to participate to neuron-neuron, glia-glia and glia-neuron communication.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this work, we describe the cellular and subcellular presence of metabotropic P2Y₁receptor in rat cerebellum at two distinct developmental ages, by means of immunofluorescence-confocal and electron microscopy as well as western blotting and direct membrane separation techniques. At postnatal day 21, we find that P2Y₁receptor in addition to Purkinje neurons, is abundant on neuronal specializations identified as noradrenergic by anatomical, morphological and biochemical features. P2Y₁receptor immunoreactivity colocalizes with dopamine β-hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, neurofilament light chain, synaptophysin and flotillin, but not with glial fibrillary acidic protein for astrocytes. P2Y₁receptor is found enriched in membrane microdomains such as lipid rafts, in cerebellar synaptic vesicles, and is moreover visualized on synaptic varicosities by electron microscopy analysis. When examined at postnatal day 7, P2Y₁receptor immunoreactivity is instead predominantly expressed only on Bergmann and astroglial cells, as shown by colocalization with glial fibrillary acidic protein rather then neuronal markers. At this age, we moreover identify that P2Y₁receptor-positive Bergmann fibers wrap up doublecortin-positive granule cells stretching along them, while migrating through the cerebellar layers.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Membrane components including purinergic receptors are already known to mediate cellular contact and aggregation in platelets. Our results suggesting a potential role for P2Y₁protein in cell junction/communication and development, are totally innovative for the CNS.</p

Synaptic P2X7 and oxygen/glucose deprivation in organotypic hippocampal cultures.

The P2X7 receptor for extracellular ATP is the main candidate, among P2 receptors, inducing cell death in the immune system. Here, we demonstrate the direct participation of this receptor to cell damage induced by oxygen/glucose deprivation, in the ex vivo model of organotypic hippocampal cultures. By pharmacological and immunological approaches, we show that P2X7 is rapidly and transiently up regulated in hippocampal areas eliciting metabolism impairment. Moreover, the P2 antagonists 2′,3′,-dialdehyde ATP and reactive blue 2 prevent both up regulation of this receptor and hypoxic/hypoglycemic damage. By confocal laser microscopy, we show that P2X7 is present at the synaptic level of fibers extending from the CA1–2 pyramidal cell layer throughout the strata oriens and radiatum, but absent on oligodendrocytes, astrocytes or neuronal cell bodies. Colocalization of P2X7 is obtained with neurofilament-L protein and with synaptophysin, not with myelin basic protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein or a marker for neuronal nuclei. P2X7 up regulation and diffuse cellular damage are also induced by 3′-O-(4-benzoyl) benzoyl-ATP, an agonist selective but not exclusive for P2X7. In summary, our study demonstrates that P2X7 not only directly participates to the hypoxic/hypoglycemic process, but also owns specific phenotypic localization. We do not exclude that it might serve as a sensor of dysregulated neuronal activity and ATP release, both occurring during oxygen/glucose deprivation

Digital competence in laboratory medicine

Objectives: Even though most physicians and professionals in laboratory medicine have received basic training in statistics, experience shows that a general understanding of data analysis is not yet available on a broad scale. Therefore, data literacy, data-driven decision making, and computational thinking should be implemented in future educational training. To evaluate the state of digital competence among young scientists (YS) in laboratory medicine, we launched a worldwide online survey. Methods: A global online survey was conducted from 25/05/2022 to 26/06/2022 and was disseminated to YS who are listed in three large networks: YS of the DGKL, the EFLM Task Group-YS, and IFCC Task Force-YS and its corresponding members, covering a base of 53 countries. Results: A total of 119 young scientists from 40 countries participated in this survey. 80% did not learn digital skills in their academic education but 96% felt they needed to. Digital literacy was associated with terms such as programming, artificial intelligence and machine learning, statistics, communication, Big Data and data analytics. Conclusions: The results of our survey show that more knowledge and training in the area of digital skills is not just necessary, but also wanted by young scientists. A varied learning environment consisting of tutorial articles, videos, exercises, technical articles, collection of helpful links, online meetings and in person bootcamps is crucial to meet the challenges of an international project with different languages, health systems and time zones

Comparison between early-onset and late-onset alzheimer's disease patients with amnestic presentation: CSF and 18F-FDG PET study

BACKGROUND/AIMS To investigate the differences in brain glucose consumption between patients with early onset of Alzheimer's disease (EOAD, aged ≤65 years) and patients with late onset of Alzheimer's disease (LOAD, aged >65 years). METHODS Differences in brain glucose consumption between the groups have been evaluated by means of Statistical Parametric Mapping version 8, with the use of age, sex, Mini-Mental State Examination and cerebrospinal fluid values of AΒ1-42, phosphorylated Tau and total Tau as covariates in the comparison between EOAD and LOAD. RESULTS As compared to LOAD, EOAD patients showed a significant decrease in glucose consumption in a wide portion of the left parietal lobe (BA7, BA31 and BA40). No significant differences were obtained when subtracting the EOAD from the LOAD group. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study show that patients with EOAD show a different metabolic pattern as compared to those with LOAD that mainly involves the left parietal lobe

Proceso de identificación de deportes estratégicos locales. Su concepción desde la Teoría General de Sistemas

It was performed a systematic review on the main international databases as starting point to elaborate a systemic theoretical conception of the process of local strategic sports identification, in which are revealed the structure of this and the essential relationships that are established among its components, and among these and its environment, with the which is solved the current contradiction between Purpose-Output of the process as a system. As from the architecture and the functioning proposed by the new theoretical conception, are emerged from the analyzed process two properties non-existent before: predictability and proactivity.Se realizó una revisión sistemática en las principales bases de datos internacionales como punto de partida para elaborar una concepción teórica sistémica del proceso de identificación de deportes estratégicos locales, en la que se revelen la estructura de este y las relaciones esenciales que se establecen entre sus componentes, y entre estos y su entorno; con lo que se soluciona la actual contradicción Propósito-Salida del proceso como sistema. A partir de la arquitectura y el funcionamiento propuestos por la nueva concepción teórica, emergen del proceso analizado dos propiedades antes inexistentes, no reducibles a las partes del sistema: predictibilidad y proactividad. &nbsp