UN GIRO EN LA VIDA DEL PAPA RATZINGER

Como miembro de la comisión central para la preparación del Concilio el Cardenal Frings recibió los esquemas preparativos (“Schemata”), que debían ser presentados a los padres después de la convocatoria de la asamblea conciliar para ser discutidos y aprobados. Estos textos me los enviaron regularmente, para tener mi opinión y propuestas de mejoramiento

Founding-family-controlled firms, intergenerational succession, and firm value

Using a unique, hand-collected data sample and panel-data econometric techniques, we analyse the impact of founding-family control and intergenerational succession on the value of Chilean listed companies. After controlling for firm- and ownership-specific characteristics, we find an inverse U-shaped relationship between a founding family’s degree of ownership and firm value. Hence, family ownership at first increases firm value. However, when family ownership exceeds a threshold of about 38 percent of outstanding shares, the family takes advantage of its power in the firm and extracts wealth from minority shareholders. Further, if the founder of the company is the CEO or chairman of the board, firm value increases. However, family businesses with a subsequent-generation owner-manager destroy value

The zero-debt puzzle in BRICS countries: Disentangling the financial flexibility and financial constraints hypotheses

Producción CientíficaThis study analyzes the zero-debt decisions of BRICS firms using a bivariate probit model. The leading hypotheses are financial flexibility and financial constraints. On the demand-side, our findings reveal that managerial debt aversion, early lifecycle stage, growth opportunities, solvency, and concentrated ownership contribute to the lack of debt. Similarly, a country's institutional quality correlates with firms' debt-free status. On the supply-side, creditors fund companies with poor financial records in countries with robust markets and economic freedom. Financial flexibility and restrictions leading to zero debt are linked to firm and institutional characteristics in emerging countries.Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant PID2020-114797GB-I00, MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033); the University of Valladolid (Recognized Research Group in Finance & Accounting); the Universidad Pontificia Comillas (internal research grant PP2022_11), and the Research Department of the Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion (research grant FAA 01/2022)

Ibero-American corporate ownership and boards of directors: implementation and impact on firm value in Chile and Spain

From a corporate governance point of view, this paper addresses the question of how corporate ownership and board characteristics influence firm value for a sample of Ibero-American companies. Specifically, we analyse indexed non-financial companies from Chile and Spain for the period 2007 – 2016, using the GMM panel data technique. Our research is novel in considering a twocountry approach, with one emerging and one developed country, and in analysing how corporate ownership and board characteristics, in addition to contextual variables, determine firm value. Our results assess the efficiency of corporate governance mechanisms. Although findings are intriguing regarding ownership concentration, they confirm the benefits of a good board of directors. This type of board is characterised by a large size, sufficiently independent directors, and a balance in terms of gender diversity. We provide several policy recommendations from our main findings

Prevalencia y factores asociados a ideación suicida en adolescentes escolares de 4to y 5to año de secundaria de una institución educativa en Lima Metropolitana 2023

Introducción: La adolescencia representa una etapa crucial del desarrollo caracterizada por numerosos cambios físicos, emocionales y sociales, lo que la convierte en un período de vulnerabilidad para la aparición de diversos trastornos mentales, entre ellos, la ideación suicida. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de ideación suicida y su relación con la ansiedad, depresión, autoestima, conductas disociales y dinámica familiar en adolescentes escolares de 4to y 5to año de secundaria de una institución educativa en Lima Metropolitana 2023. Métodos: La investigación se desarrolló desde un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo observacional, transversal y analítico, cuya muestra estuvo conformada por 244 estudiantes de 4to y 5to año de educación secundaria. Además, se aplicó el análisis bivariado para determinar la asociación y el análisis multivariado para determinar el riesgo con Razón de Prevalencia (RP). Resultados: Los estudiantes tienen una mayor probabilidad de presentar ideación suicida en aquellos con ansiedad media (B=1.281, Sig=0.004, EXP(B)=3.601 IC95% [1.521-8.528]) y alta (B=1.325, Sig=0.002, EXP(B)=3.763 IC95% [1.601-8.848]), con grado de depresión alto (B=0.244, Sig=0.000, EXP(B)=1.276 IC95% [1.150 1.415]), y Dinámica familiar mala (B=-24.684, Sig=0.000, EXP(B)=1.906 IC95% [5.471-6.637]). Conclusiones: Se evidenció en la muestra conformada por adolescentes escolares de 4to y 5to año de secundaria que la ideación suicida presenta una asociación significativa con la ansiedad, depresión y una asociación inversa con la dinámica familiar

How regulation affects the relevance of bank-debt maturity as a control mechanism in developed countries

Improvements in transparency at the country level have modified the relevance of bank debt maturity as a control mechanism. The novelty of this research is that we provide empirical evidence that the maturity of bank borrowing is contingent on the characteristics of the regulatory and the institutional setting about corporate governance. The main implication of our paper is that corporate governance rules have greater influence in civil-law countries than in common-law countries in promoting efficiency in the use of bank debt maturity. The value of this paper is that our results confirm that the implementation of similar regulations on transparency across countries with different legal systems favors the alignment of the role played by short-term bank debt in addressing asymmetric information, agency costs, and inefficient liquidation

Competencia laboral y empleabilidad en egresados universitarios de universidades públicas y privadas Tarapoto, 2023

El presente estudio de investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar relación entre las competencias laborales y la empleabilidad de los egresados universitarios de universidades públicas y privadas de Tarapoto, 2023.La investigación fue de enfoque cuantitativo de tipo aplicado con alcance correlacional por que evalúa el grado de relación entre las variables y dimensiones.El diseño de la investigación fue no experimental de corte transversal porque no se manipulo las variables. La muestra total fue 220 sujetos de estudio, compuesta por varones y mujeres de diferentes edades. Los instrumentos que se utilizaron fueron cuestionarios para la variable competencia laboral propuesto por Ullah (2020),el instrumento de empleabilidad por Ward et al.(2021),ambos instrumentos fueron validados mediante juicio de expertos, se comprobó su fiabilidad a través del Alpha de Cronbach (0.964) para V1 y para el V2(0.963); lo cual indicaquela confiabilidadfue buena. Los resultados finales mostraron que, si existe relación significativa entre las competencias laborales y la empleabilidad de los egresados universitarios de universidades públicas y privadas de Tarapoto (r = 0,620: p < 0,00); concluyendo que: aquellos graduados que demuestran un alto nivel de competencias laborales tienen una mayor probabilidad de encontrar empleo y recibir ofertas laborales de calidad

Human Biodistribution and Dosimetry of 11C-CUMI-101, an Agonist Radioligand for Serotonin-1A Receptors in Brain

As a reported agonist,11C-CUMI-101 is believed to selectively bind the G-protein-coupled state of the serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptor, thereby providing a measure of the active subset of all 5-HT1A receptors in brain. Although 11C-CUMI-101 has been successfully used to quantify 5-HT1A receptors in human and monkey brain, its radiation exposure has not previously been reported. The purpose of this study was to calculate the radiation exposure to organs of the body based on serial whole-body imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) in human subjects

Thermodynamics of an updated hadronic resonance list and influence on hadronic transport

Hadron lists based on experimental studies summarized by the Particle Data Group (PDG) are a crucial input for the equation of state and thermal models used in the study of strongly-interacting matter produced in heavy-ion collisions. Modeling of these strongly-interacting systems is carried out via hydrodynamical simulations, which are followed by hadronic transport codes that also require a hadronic list as input. To remain consistent throughout the different stages of modeling of a heavy-ion collision, the same hadron list with its corresponding decays must be used at each step. It has been shown that even the most uncertain states listed in the PDG from 2016 are required to reproduce partial pressures and susceptibilities from Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics with the hadronic list known as the PDG2016+. Here, we update the hadronic list for use in heavy-ion collision modeling by including the latest experimental information for all states listed in the Particle Data Booklet in 2021. We then compare our new list, called PDG2021+, to Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics results and find that it achieves even better agreement with the first principles calculations than the PDG2016+ list. Furthermore, we develop a novel scheme based on intermediate decay channels that allows for only binary decays, such that PDG2021+ will be compatible with the hadronic transport framework SMASH. Finally, we use these results to make comparisons to experimental data and discuss the impact on particle yields and spectra.Comment: 17 pages, 16 figures, 2 table

Forest Fires in Europe, Middle East and North Africa 2011

This is the 12th “Forest Fires in Europe” report published by the European Commission. The area covered by the report has been enlarged to include also Middle East and North Africa countries, thus also the title of the report has been changed accordingly. The report contains a summary of the 2011 fire season in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa with official statistics on the number of fires and burnt areas compiled by the contributing countries. In addition to country reports with a summary of the past fire season provided by the countries, the report Forest Fires in Europe, Middle East and North Africa informs about the latest developments in terms of forest fire prevention and initiatives of the European Commission to support forest fires fire protection activities in the European Union. Furthermore it provides the results of the European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS) operating during the fire season, with special emphasis on the EFFIS Danger Forecast, providing daily maps of meteorological fire danger forecast of EU, and the EFFIS Rapid Damage Assessment, performing the daily mapping and assessment of main land cover and Natura2000 areas affected by fires of at least 40 ha during the fire season..JRC.H.3-Forest Resources and Climat