Conviviendo en Positivo: Educación en salud, Atención Consciente, Compasión activa y Resiliencia

Proyecto de innovación docente enfocado en valores nucleares y convivencia en una sociedad serodiscordante, es continuidad del P89/2018, titulado “competencias intra e interpersonales, sexo consciente, fármacos y mindfulness”. Durante el primer semestre, desde el paradigma de aprendizaje cooperativo, basado en resolución de proyectos, se desarrolló la investigación documental, reflexión y debate sobre estos centros de interés: valores nucleares & VIH: abordaje de la seropositividad; adherencia terapéutica; estudio PARTNER indetectable es igual a intransmisible; profilaxis pre-exposición (PrEP); convivir en serodiscordancia; encuestas sobre estigmatización y discriminación social y sanitaria; riesgos globales de la discriminación terapéutica; relaciones interpersonales y emociones aflictivas; mindfulness y compasión basado en la evidencia; psicología positiva y resiliencia. En el segundo semestre, durante la fase cero del estado de alerta sanitaria, se desarrolló una intervención psicoeducativa, dirigida a facilitar estrategias que ayudasen a gestionar mejor el impacto emocional generado por la incertidumbre, la restricción de movilidad territorial, el confinamiento, y el miedo al contagio de la COVID-19. Perpetuar el estigma ante VIH, es una violación de los derechos humanos. Como antídoto a la indiferencia, se integró en nuestra intervención el fomento de la compasión activa, entendida como un sentido básico de cuidado, sensibilidad y apertura hacia el sufrimiento propio y de los demás, y la intención genuina de intentar aliviarlo y prevenirlo. La pandemia generada por el SARS-CoV-2 es una oportunidad para entender que ante este virus, aquí y ahora, la única opción es prevenirlo, detectarlo mediante pruebas y confinarlo, es decir no transmitirlo y no reinfectarse. Si de forma transversal somos capaces de interiorizarlo y normalizar la convivencia en serodiscordancia, si normalizamos las pruebas diagnósticas rutinarias, podremos entre todas y todos reducir hasta un 90% la transmisión activa otra pandemia de la que hoy no se habla, del VIH, de este modo conseguiríamos minimizar la aparición de nuevos casos, frenar su avance y vencer definitivamente al SIDA

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Data for the validation of coffee silverskin extract as a novel food ingredient

Trabajo presentado a la 5th International ISEKI_Food Conference: "The Food system Approach: New Challenges for Education, Research and Industry", celebrada en Stuttgart (Alemania) del 3 al 5 de julio de 0218.The present investigation aimed to provide data on coffee silverskin extract (CSE) for its validation as a novel food ingredient. Male (n = 15) and female (n = 15) Wistar rats (average weight, 67 ± 4.7 g) received CSE (1 g/kg bw) or water (control group) by gavage once a day for 28 days, according to the OECD Guideline 407. Body weight and food and water intake were daily recorded. Twenty-four hours feces were collected from each cage once a week. Total blood was collected by cardiac puncture. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), gluthathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were analyzed in serum and red blood cells (RBCs) lysates. TAC and pH were measured in feces. ABTS assay was used for TAC analysis. TAC of CSE was 138.73 ± 14.8 mg eq. CGA/g. Daily administration of CSE (1 g/kg bw) for 28 days was not toxic. No changes in body weight and food and water intakes were observed. Treatment of rats with CSE did not significantly affect antioxidant biomarkers in blood samples. No significant changes in pH or TAC were observed in feces. No increase in excretion of antioxidant metabolites in feces after treatment with CSE for 28 days was detected by ABTS. These metabolites may be excreted in urine or accumulated in tissues and organs. The presence of caffeine, paraxanthine and hippuric acid (metabolites of caffeine and CGA, respectively) in urine of Wistar rats 8 hours after the ingestion of CSE, and protection of pancreatic cells of rats against oxidative stress produced by the diabetogenic agent STZ was reported. CSE (1 g/kg bw) can be considered a natural, sustainable and safe food ingredient. Further information is needed to find out its effective doses for supporting health claims described in C. elegans7 and diabetic Wistar rats models.Research funded by MINECO (AGL2014-57239-R, BES-2015-072191) and CM (S2013/ABI-2728).Peer reviewe

Effect of the repeated intake of coffee silverskin extract on the short-chain fatty acid profile of rat feces

Trabajo presentado al Fifth International Congress on Cocoa Coffee and Tea (Cocotea), celebrado en Bremen (Alemania) del 26 al 28 de junio de 2019.[Background] Coffee silverskin (CS) is a thin tegument of the outer layer of the green coffee bean and contains bioactive compounds, such as dietary fiber (28 %), among others. Dietary fiber is fermented in the large intestine by the microbiota leading to the generation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that contributing to human well-being.[Aim] The present investigation aimed to assess the effect of the repeated intake of coffee silverskin extract (CSE) and sex on the SCFAs profile of rat feces.[Methods] Male (n=15) and female Wistar rats (n=15) received CSE (1 g/kg bw) or water (control group) by gavage once a day for 28 days. The total dietary fiber intake was calculated as the sum of the fiber contents of the diet and CSE (Table 1). Previous studies have demonstrated the safety of CSE at the dose hereby employed. Feces from the last 24 h were collected from the treated and control groups and SCFAs were identified and quantified by using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (Agilent 7890A, Agilent 5975C).[Results] Rats treated with CSE had a significantly increased intake of dietary fiber (p < 0.05) (Table 1). The most abundant SCFAs found in feces were acetate, propionate and butyrate (Figure 1). Total SCFAs (60 μmol/g and 78 μmol/g for control and treated rats) were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in feces when male rats were treated with CSE. However, this effect was not observed in female rats (79 μmol/g and 73 μmol/g for control and treated rats). In male rats, acetate significantly increased (p < 0.05) in feces after the repeated intake of CSE, but propionate and butyrate levels were decreased.[Conclusion] Sex seems to influence the SCFAs profile of rats' feces. CSE fiber undergoes significant fermentation in male rats. CSE might be considered as a sustainable functional food ingredient with effect on the gut microbiota and health promoting properties associated to SCFAs.Research funded by MINECO (AGL2014 57239 R, BES 2015 072191) and CM (S2013/ABI 2728).Peer reviewe

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of enrofloxacin in Southern crested caracaras (Caracara plancus)

To determine the dosage of enrofloxacin in southern crested caracaras (Caracara plancus), plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography after intravenous (IV) (5 mg/kg) and intramuscular (IM) (10 mg/kg) administration. This compound presented a relatively high volume of distribution (2.09 L/kg), a total body clearance of 0.24 L/kg·h, and a long permanence as shown by an elimination half-life of 7.81 hours after IV administration and a terminal half-life of 6.58 hours after IM administration. The areas under the concentration-time curves (AUC) were 21.92 and 34.38 μg·h/mL for IM and IV administration, respectively. Enrofloxacin was rapidly absorbed after IM administration with a time to reach maximum concentration of 0.72 hours and bioavailability of 78.76%. After IM administration, the peak drug concentration (Cmax) was 3.92 μg/mL. Values of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Cmax, and AUC have been used to predict the clinical efficacy of a drug in treating bacterial infections, with a Cmax/MIC value of 10 and an AUC/MIC ratio of 125-250 associated with optimal bactericidal effects. By using the study data and a MIC breakpoint of 0.25 μg/mL, values of Cmax/MIC were 13.74 and 15.94 and for AUC/MIC were 90.73 and 139.63, for the IV and IM routes respectively. For the treatment of infectious diseases caused by microorganisms with MIC ≤0.25 μg/mL, the calculated optimal dosages were 7.5 and 9.5 mg/kg q24h by the IV and IM routes, respectively. For less susceptible bacteria, a dose increase should be evaluated. To treat caracara by the IV route against microorganisms with MIC ≤0.25 μg/mL, the dose should be higher than the 5 mg/kg used in our study, but possible side effects derived from an increase in the IV dose and efficacy in sick birds should be assessed.Fil: Waxman Dova, Samanta. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Prados, Ana Paula. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: De Lucas, Julio. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Andres, Manuel Ignacio San. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Sassaroli, Juan Carlos. No especifica;Fil: Orozco, Maria Marcela. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Argibay, Hernán Darío. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Casilda. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Españ

Coffee silverskin extract: Nutritional value, safety and effect on key biological functions

This study aimed to complete the scientific basis for the validation of a coffee silverskin extract (CSE) as a novel food ingredient according to European legislation. Nutritional value, safety, effects on biochemical biomarkers and excretion of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in vivo of CSE were assessed. Proteins, amino acids, fat, fatty acids, fiber, simple sugars and micronutrients were analyzed. For the first time, toxicological and physiological effects were evaluated in vivo by a repeated-dose study in healthy Wistar rats. Hormone secretion, antioxidant (enzymatic and no-enzymatic) and anti-inflammatory biomarkers, and dietary fiber fermentability of CSE (analysis of SCFAs in feces) were studied in biological samples. This unique research confirms the feasibility of CSE as a human dietary supplement with several nutrition claims: “source of proteins (16%), potassium, magnesium, calcium and vitamin C, low in fat (0.44%) and high in fiber (22%)”. This is the first report demonstrating that its oral administration (1 g/kg) for 28 days is innocuous. Hormone secretion, antioxidant or anti-inflammatory biomarkers were not affected in heathy animals. Total SCFAs derived from CSE fiber fermentation were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in male treated rats compared to male control rats. All the new information pinpoints CSE as a natural, sustainable and safe food ingredient containing fermentable fiber able to produce SCFAs with beneficial effects on gut microbiota.The SUSCOFFEE Project (AGL2014-57239-R): Sustainable coffee production and consumption: Valorization of coffee waste into food ingredients funded this work. A. Iriondo-DeHond is a fellow of the FPI predoctoral program of MINECO (BES-2015-072191).Peer reviewe

Validation of coffee by-products as novel food ingredients

This research aimed to validate coffee husk, parchment and silverskin as new health-promoting food ingredients. Characterization of the novel ingredients was carried out by Raman and infrared spectroscopy and analysis of total phenolic compounds, chlorogenic acid, caffeine and dietary fiber. Antioxidant properties of the novel ingredients were tested by ABTS and intracellular ROS formation in HepG2 cells. Pesticides, mycotoxins, acrylamide and acute toxicity experiments following OECD Test Guidelines 425 were performed to assess the food safety of extracts, solid residues and raw materials. Husk and silverskin are proposed as a source of two food ingredients: aqueous extracts enriched in phytochemicals and antioxidant dietary fiber while parchment is proposed as a natural source of antioxidant dietary fiber. No lesions were found in selected isolated vital organs from treated animals. Coffee by-products can be converted into safe food ingredients allowing a whole food waste recovery. Analyses of contaminants are essential for achieving this goal.The SUSCOFFEE Project (AGL2014-57239-R): “Sustainable coffee production and consumption: Valorization of coffee waste into food ingredients” funded this work. A. Iriondo-DeHond is a fellow of the FPI predoctoral program of MINECO (BES-2015-072191).Peer reviewe