Effects of the 2008-09 economic crisis on labor markets in Mexico

The 2008-09 economic crisis has had a long-lasting negative impact on the Mexican economy. This paper examines labor market dynamics in Mexico in light of the crisis. The labor market has been characterized in recent years by low relative unemployment, but high levels of informal jobs, low-growth, and almost stagnant real wages. In this context, the crisis destroyed a wide number of formal jobs, and even informal, increasing the unemployment rates to pre-crisis levels. Manufacturing was the sector that endured the largest job losses during the crisis and wages decreased for all sectors. The government of Mexico implemented a variety of programs to cope with the crises. However, these measures were too limited to counteract the large negative impact of the crisis on labor markets.Labor Markets,Labor Policies,Population Policies,Labor Standards,Economic Theory&Research

Approche raisonnée du traitement de la paramphistomose bovine par l'oxyclozadine

La gestion de la paramphistomose bovine se fait généralement à l’aide d’un traitement par l’oxyclozanide. Néanmoins, l’impact de la paramphistomose chronique sur les productions animales n’a jamais été prouvé et à l’heure actuelle le seul risque de perte de production reste lors de la phase aiguë, au cours de la première infestation. Ceci montre la nécessité de reconsidérer le recours systématique au traitement médicamenteux, principal objectif de notre travail. Une étude expérimentale a été menée sur deux troupeaux bovins laitiers de la Loire afin de caractériser les animaux infestés par les paramphistomes et leur réponse au traitement par l’oxyclozanide. L’analyse des résultats montre qu’on peut réduire le nombre de traitements par l’oxyclozanide en établissant un choix raisonné des animaux les plus fortement excréteurs, et en choisissant le moment le plus adapté pour les traiter. L’approche raisonnée la plus adaptée serait ainsi de traiter les animaux les plus âgés et les plus forts producteurs, au moment du tarissement

Modeling extreme rainfall in Kaduna using the generalised extreme value distribution

An important statistical distribution use in modeling such extreme events is the generalized extreme value distribution while the generalized Pareto distribution is suitable in modeling threshold excesses of extreme values. In this study, monthly rainfall data from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency in Kaduna are fitted to the generalized extreme value distribution and for a suitable threshold of 251mm, threshold excesses were fitted to the generalized Pareto distribution and a return level computed for 25, 50 and 100 years return period respectively. The threshold excesses follow the Weibull distribution and are bounded above implying that there is a finite value which the maximum above the threshold cannot exceed. For the 25, 50 and 100 years return period, a return level of 350mm, 390mm and 490mm with probability of exceedances of 0.04, 0.02 and 0.01 respectively were observed. The result further show that with the increasing level of rainfall as return period increases, there is a high likelihood of monthly maximum rainfall increasing steadily over the years and this has great consequences on the environment. If this trend continues unchecked as a result of global warming, residents will continue to experience flood unless the government build more drainages and ensure that existing drainages are free from dirt to enhance proper channeling and free flow of water in the event of rainfall

High visitation rate of oil bees may increase pollination efficiency of Couepia uiti in Pantanal wetland

International audienceAbstractPollen transfer to the stigma is the primary mechanism of sexual reproduction in plants. Among bee species that act as pollen vectors and pollinators, attributes such as floral visitation rate, synchrony with the receptive phase of the flower, compatibility between flower shape and foraging behavior, and morphological traits are often used to infer pollination efficiency. Herein, we evaluate visitation frequency and behavior of bee species on Couepia uiti (Chrysobalanaceae) flowers in the southern Pantanal, Brazil. Additionally, after experimental manipulation of flower visitation and by accompanying pollen tube growth in the pistil after one single visit to the flowers, we were able to pinpoint the roles of Centris spilopoda and Apis mellifera on the pollination of C. uiti. Centris spilopoda was the most important pollinator of C. uiti in the study area. In fact, we found that this oil bee might enhance plant reproductive success by almost 40% after a single visit. In addition to its high abundance, the efficiency of C. spilopoda as pollinator may be explained by its tight synchrony with pollen liberation and stigmatic receptivity of flowers of C. uiti

Molecular characterization of equine rotaviruses circulating in Argentinean foals during a 17-year surveillance period (1992-2008)

P[12]G3 and P[12]G14 equine rotaviruses (ERVs) are epidemiologically important in horses. In Argentina, the prevalent ERV strains have been historically P[12]G3. The aim of this study was the detection and characterization of ERV strains circulating in foals in Argentina during a 17-year study (1992-2008). Additionally, the gene sequences of VP7, VP4 and NSP4 encoding genes of representative Argentinean ERV strains were determined and phylogenetic analyses were performed to elucidate the evolutionary relationships of the ERV strains in Argentina. ERVs were detected in 165 (21%) out of 771 diarrheic stool samples, which corresponded to 45 (39%) of 116 outbreaks from the surveyed thoroughbred horse farms. From the positive cases, 51% (n= 23) were G3, 33% (n= 15) were G14, 4% (n= 2) represented a G3. +. G14 mixed infection and 11% (n= 5) of the cases could not be characterized. G3 ERV was detected during the entire period, while G14 ERV was first detected in 2000 and increased its incidence specially in 2006 and 2007. All the analyzed strains belonged to the VP4 P[12] genotype, except for one G3 case which belonged to the P[3] genotype, constituting the first report of a P[3]G3 ERV strain. Phylogenetic analysis of VP7 protein revealed that the G3 Argentinean ERV strains clustered with ERVs from Ireland, while the G14 Argentinean ERV strains formed a distinct cluster within the G14 genotype. The VP4 of the P[12] ERV strains clustered with P[12] strains from Ireland and France. The NSP4 of the Argentinean ERV strains clustered with the NSP4 genotype E12, along with those of guanaco and bovine strains from Argentina, suggesting the a close evolutionary relationship among these Argentinean strains. The results of this study showed changes in the incidence of G3 and G14 during the studied period. The increase in the frequency of G14 ERV, not included in the vaccine, in the second half of the period, may have implications for vaccine design.Fil: Garaicoechea, Lorena Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Miño, Samuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Ciarlet, Max. No especifíca;Fil: Fernández, Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Barrandeguy, María. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Parreño, Gladys Viviana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Políticas de desarrollo turístico del distrito de Paucarcolla

La presente tesina tiene como titulo: POLITICAS DE DESARROLLO TURÍSTICO DEL DISTRITO DE PAUCARCOLLA, para su investigacion se tomo en cuenta todos los lugares turisticos ya conocidos como Totorani y otros que aun no son visitados. El presente trabajo de investigacion corresponde al tipo de investigacion descriptivo- analitico,, el diseño que se utilizo en esta investigacion es de efecto – causa. Los resultados de esta investigacion reflejan las muchas necesidades que se tuvo y que aun se tiene, esta investigacion es un punto de partida para encaminar el desarrollo turistico de Paucarcolla. Ya que este distrito se encuentra cerca a las ciudades mas notables de nuestra region, como es Puno, Juliaca y otros. En este trabajo se considero tres grupos de entrevista, un grupo a pobladores para conocer su opinion y/o punto de vista con respecto al turismo, el siguiente grupo a demandantes de turismo o posibles visitantes de este grupo se recogieron sus espectativas, lo que nos sirve para prepararnos y preveer lo que aun nos falta por ofertar; luego un tercer grupo se entrevisto a operadores turisticos para conocer las preferencias que tiene un visitante o turista ya sea nacional o extranjero. Con esta investigacion tambien estamos proponiendo politicas de desarrollo turistico y el desarrollo de la economia local del distrito, siempre orientados a lograr mejores ingresos economicos para los habitantes de nuestro distrito y por ende de Puno y de nuestra region

First report of group A rotavirus and bovine coronavirus associated with neonatal calf diarrhea in the northwest of Argentina

Group A rotavirus (RVA) and bovine coronavirus (BCoV) are the two main viral enteropathogens associated with neonatal calf diarrhea. The aim of the present survey was to investigate the epidemiology and the role of RVA and BCoV in the presentation of dairy and beef calf diarrhea in Lerma Valley of Salta province, within the Northwest region of Argentina. Stool samples of calves with or without diarrhea younger than 2 months of age were collected from 19 dairy farms and 20 beef farms between the years 2014 and 2016. Stool samples were screened for RVA and BCoV detection by ELISA. Heminested multiplex RT-PCR was used for RVA typing and RT-PCR to confirm BCoV. Positive samples were submitted to sequencing analysis. Bovine RVA and BCoV were circulating in 63% (12/19) and 10.52% (2/19) of the dairy farms, respectively, where 9.5% (46/484) of the calves were positives to RVA and 0.4% (2/484) to BCoV. In beef herds, RVA was detected in 40% (8/20) of the farms and in 6.75% (21/311) of the calves, without positives cases of BCoV. Molecular analysis showed that in dairy farms, G6P[11] and G10P[11] were the prevalent RVA strains, while in beef farms, G10P[11] was the prevalent. The main finding was the detection for the first time of a G15P[11] causing diarrhea in beef calves of Argentina that represents a new alert to be consider for future vaccine updates. Analysis of detected BCoV showed that it is related to the other circulating strains of Argentina.Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco SemiáridoFil: Bertoni, Emiliano Agustí­n. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; ArgentinaFil: Aduriz Guerrero, Matías. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bok, Marina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Vega, Celina Guadalupe. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Saif, LInda J. Ohio State University. Food Animal Health Research Program; Estados UnidosFil: Aguirre, Daniel Hector. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; ArgentinaFil: Cimino, Rubén Oscar. Universidad Nacional de Salta; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Miño, Samuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Parreño, Gladis Viviana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Pattern of Lipid Profile in Adult HIV Seropositives in Nnewi, Nigeria

To determine the lipid profile level in adult HIV seropositive participants. Blood samples collected from the 300 randomly recruited participants were used for HIV screening, CD4+ T cell count, total Cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Triglyceride. Standard Laboratory methods were used for the analysis. The results showed that the mean serum total Cholesterol, LDL, HDL, Triglyceride and CD4+ T cell levels were significantly different amongst the groups studied. The mean serum total Cholesterol, LDL, HDL and Triglyceride levels were significantly lower in symptomatic HIV participants on antiretroviral therapy (ART) compared with those not on ART (P<0.05) but no significant difference was observed between the groups in CD4+ T cell level (p>0.05). The mean serum total Cholesterol, LDL, HDL, Triglyceride and CD4+ T cell levels were significantly lower in  symptomatic HIV participants on ART compared with control group (in each case). Also, the mean serum HDL and CD4+ T cell levels were significantly lower while the mean LDL was significantly higher in symptomatic HIV participants not on ART compared with  control subjects (P<0.05) but the values seen in total Cholesterol and Triglycerides were the same in both groups (P>0.05). Hypolipidaemia was seen in HIV positive participants. Keywords: HIV, lipid profile, participants.

Dementia and cognitive impairment in French-speaking Sub-Saharan Africa: a comprehensive review on moving out of the shadows of neglect

Dementia is a global public health problem with increasing prevalence and incidence worldwide. The African continent is expected to bear the biggest brunt of the burden of dementia by 2050 because of the rapid demographic changes, including rapid population growth, an increase in life expectancy, and ageing. However, French-speaking Sub-Saharan African (FS-SSA) countries are underrepresented in research on dementia in Africa. While the reasons are diverse and complex, linguistic and cultural barriers to research, disproportionately affect these countries and may be significant factors. Any efforts, therefore, to redress the burden of dementia in Africa must consider the specific demographic, cultural, and linguistic characteristics of FS-SSA countries. This scoping review explores the current state of knowledge in dementia and cognitive impairment in Sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting research gaps and specific patterns unique to FS-SSA Africa. We identify pathways for research to bridge the knowledge gaps on dementia in FS-SSA as part of the global endeavor to tackle dementia worldwide