Predictive validity and correlates of selfâ assessed resilience among U.S. Army soldiers

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142339/1/da22694.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142339/2/da22694_am.pd

Alcohol Misuse and Coâ Occurring Mental Disorders Among New Soldiers in the U.S. Army

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135492/1/acer13269_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135492/2/acer13269.pd

Prognostic Indicators of Persistent Post-Concussive Symptoms after Deployment-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective Longitudinal Study in U.S. Army Soldiers

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), or concussion, is prevalent in the military. The course of recovery can be highly variable. This study investigates whether deployment-acquired mTBI is associated with subsequent presence and severity of post-concussive symptoms (PCS) and identifies predictors of persistent PCS among US Army personnel who sustained mTBI while deployed to Afghanistan. We used data from a prospective longitudinal survey of soldiers assessed 1?2 months before a 10-month deployment to Afghanistan (T0), on redeployment to the United States (T1), approximately 3 months later (T2), and approximately 9 months later (T3). Outcomes of interest were PCS at T2 and T3. Predictors considered were: sociodemographic factors, number of previous deployments, pre-deployment mental health and TBI history, and mTBI and other military-related stress during the index deployment. The study sample comprised 4518 soldiers, 822 (18.2%) of whom experienced mTBI during the index deployment. After adjusting for demographic, clinical, and deployment-related factors, deployment-acquired mTBI was associated with nearly triple the risk of reporting any PCS and with increased severity of PCS when symptoms were present. Among those who sustained mTBI, severity of PCS at follow-up was associated with history of pre-deployment TBI(s), pre-deployment psychological distress, more severe deployment stress, and loss of consciousness or lapse of memory (versus being ?dazed? only) as a result of deployment-acquired mTBI. In summary, we found that sustaining mTBI increases risk for persistent PCS. Previous TBI(s), pre-deployment psychological distress, severe deployment stress, and loss of consciousness or lapse of memory resulting from mTBI(s) are prognostic indicators of persistent PCS after an index mTBI. These observations may have actionable implications for prevention of chronic sequelae of mTBI in the military and other settings.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/140173/1/neu.2015.4320.pd

Subphthalocyanine encapsulated within MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 as a solar light photoredox catalyst for dehalogenation of alpha-haloacetophenones

[EN] Subphthalocyanine has been incorporated into a robust metal-organic framework having amino groups as binding sites. The resulting SubPc@MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 composite has a loading of 2 wt%. Adsorption of subphthalocyanine does not deteriorate host crystallinity, but decreases the surface area and porosity of MIL-101(Cr)-NH2. The resulting SubPc@MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 composite exhibits a 575 nm absorption band responsible for the observed photoredox catalytic activity under simulated sunlight irradiation for hydrogenative dehalogenation of alpha-haloacetophenones and for the coupling of alpha-bromoacetophenone and styrene. The material undergoes a slight deactivation upon reuse. In comparison to the case of phthalocyanines the present study is one of the few cases showing the use of subphthalocyanine as a photoredox catalyst, with its activity derived from site isolation within the MOF cavities.Financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Severo Ochoa and RTI2018-098237-B-C21) and Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo 2017-083) is gratefully acknowledged. S. N. is thankful for the financial support from the Fundacion Ramon Areces (XVIII Concurso Nacional para la Adjudicacion de Ayudas a la Investigacion en Ciencias de la Vida y de la Materia, 2016), the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades RTI 2018-099482-A-I00 project and the Generalitat Valenciana grupos de investigacion consolidables 2019 (ref: AICO/2019/214) project. S. R.-B. also thanks the Research Executive Agency (REA) and the European Commission for the funding received under the Marie Sklodowska Curie actions (H2020-MSCA-IF-2015/Grant agreement number 709023/ZESMO).Santiago-Portillo, A.; Remiro-Buenamañana, S.; Navalón Oltra, S.; García Gómez, H. (2019). Subphthalocyanine encapsulated within MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 as a solar light photoredox catalyst for dehalogenation of alpha-haloacetophenones. Dalton Transactions. 48(48):17735-17740. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9dt04004hS17735177404848Deng, X., Li, Z., & García, H. (2017). Visible Light Induced Organic Transformations Using Metal-Organic-Frameworks (MOFs). Chemistry - A European Journal, 23(47), 11189-11209. doi:10.1002/chem.201701460Dhakshinamoorthy, A., Asiri, A. M., & García, H. (2016). Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) Compounds: Photocatalysts for Redox Reactions and Solar Fuel Production. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 55(18), 5414-5445. doi:10.1002/anie.201505581Shen, L., Liang, R., & Wu, L. (2015). Strategies for engineering metal-organic frameworks as efficient photocatalysts. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 36(12), 2071-2088. doi:10.1016/s1872-2067(15)60984-6Shi, Y., Yang, A.-F., Cao, C.-S., & Zhao, B. (2019). Applications of MOFs: Recent advances in photocatalytic hydrogen production from water. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 390, 50-75. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2019.03.012Wang, S., & Wang, X. (2015). Multifunctional Metal-Organic Frameworks for Photocatalysis. Small, 11(26), 3097-3112. doi:10.1002/smll.201500084Wen, M., Mori, K., Kuwahara, Y., An, T., & Yamashita, H. (2018). Design of Single-Site Photocatalysts by Using Metal-Organic Frameworks as a Matrix. Chemistry - An Asian Journal, 13(14), 1767-1779. doi:10.1002/asia.201800444Das, S., & Wan Daud, W. M. A. (2014). RETRACTED: Photocatalytic CO2 transformation into fuel: A review on advances in photocatalyst and photoreactor. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 39, 765-805. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.046Claessens, C. G., González-Rodríguez, D., & Torres, T. (2002). Subphthalocyanines:  Singular Nonplanar Aromatic CompoundsSynthesis, Reactivity, and Physical Properties. Chemical Reviews, 102(3), 835-854. doi:10.1021/cr0101454N. Kobayashi , in The Porphyrin Handbook , ed. K. M. Kadish , K. M. Smith and R. Guilard , Academic Press , Amsterdam , 2003 , pp. 161–262Santiago-Portillo, A., Baldoví, H. G., Carbonell, E., Navalón, S., Álvaro, M., García, H., & Ferrer, B. (2018). Ruthenium(II) Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) Complex Incorporated in UiO-67 as Photoredox Catalyst. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 122(51), 29190-29199. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b07204Ferey, G. (2005). A Chromium Terephthalate-Based Solid with Unusually Large Pore Volumes and Surface Area. Science, 309(5743), 2040-2042. doi:10.1126/science.1116275Santiago-Portillo, A., Blandez, J. F., Navalón, S., Álvaro, M., & García, H. (2017). Influence of the organic linker substituent on the catalytic activity of MIL-101(Cr) for the oxidative coupling of benzylamines to imines. Catalysis Science & Technology, 7(6), 1351-1362. doi:10.1039/c6cy02577cSantiago-Portillo, A., Navalón, S., Concepción, P., Álvaro, M., & García, H. (2017). Influence of Terephthalic Acid Substituents on the Catalytic Activity of MIL-101(Cr) in Three Lewis Acid Catalyzed Reactions. ChemCatChem, 9(13), 2506-2511. doi:10.1002/cctc.201700236Claessens, C. G., González-Rodríguez, D., Rodríguez-Morgade, M. S., Medina, A., & Torres, T. (2013). Subphthalocyanines, Subporphyrazines, and Subporphyrins: Singular Nonplanar Aromatic Systems. Chemical Reviews, 114(4), 2192-2277. doi:10.1021/cr400088wGuilleme, J., Martínez-Fernández, L., González-Rodríguez, D., Corral, I., Yáñez, M., & Torres, T. (2014). An Insight into the Mechanism of the Axial Ligand Exchange Reaction in Boron Subphthalocyanine Macrocycles. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 136(40), 14289-14298. doi:10.1021/ja508181bManaga, M., Mack, J., Gonzalez-Lucas, D., Remiro-Buenamañana, S., Tshangana, C., Cammidge, A. N., & Nyokong, T. (2016). Photophysical properties of tetraphenylporphyrinsubphthalocyanine conjugates. Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines, 20(01n04), 1-20. doi:10.1142/s1088424615500959Bressan, G., Cammidge, A. N., Jones, G. A., Heisler, I. A., Gonzalez-Lucas, D., Remiro-Buenamañana, S., & Meech, S. R. (2019). Electronic Energy Transfer in a Subphthalocyanine–Zn Porphyrin Dimer Studied by Linear and Nonlinear Ultrafast Spectroscopy. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 123(27), 5724-5733. doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04398Morse, G. E., & Bender, T. P. (2012). Boron Subphthalocyanines as Organic Electronic Materials. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 4(10), 5055-5068. doi:10.1021/am3015197Sampson, K. L., Jiang, X., Bukuroshi, E., Dovijarski, A., Raboui, H., Bender, T. P., & Kadish, K. M. (2018). A Comprehensive Scope of Peripheral and Axial Substituent Effect on the Spectroelectrochemistry of Boron Subphthalocyanines. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 122(18), 4414-4424. doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02023Claessens, C. G., González-Rodríguez, D., del Rey, B., Torres, T., Mark, G., Schuchmann, H.-P., … Nohr, R. S. (2003). Highly Efficient Synthesis of Chloro- and Phenoxy-Substituted Subphthalocyanines. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2003(14), 2547-2551. doi:10.1002/ejoc.200300169Speckmeier, E., Fuchs, P. J. W., & Zeitler, K. (2018). A synergistic LUMO lowering strategy using Lewis acid catalysis in water to enable photoredox catalytic, functionalizing C–C cross-coupling of styrenes. Chemical Science, 9(35), 7096-7103. doi:10.1039/c8sc02106

Predictive Performance of a Gentamicin Population Pharmacokinetic Model in Neonates Receiving Full-Body Hypothermia

Population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models derived from small PK studies in neonates are often underpowered to detect clinically important characteristics that drive dosing. External validation of such models is crucial. In this study, the predictive performance of a gentamicin popPK model in neonates receiving hypothermia was evaluated

Mental Disorders, Comorbidity, and Pre‐enlistment Suicidal Behavior Among New Soldiers in the U.S. Army: Results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS)

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/115994/1/sltb12153.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/115994/2/sltb12153_am.pd

Patterns in recent and Holocene pollen accumulation rates across Europe - the Pollen Monitoring Programme Database as a tool for vegetation reconstruction

The collection of modern, spatially extensive pollen data is important for the interpretation of fossil pollen assemblages and the reconstruction of past vegetation communities in space and time. Modern datasets are readily available for percentage data but lacking for pollen accumulation rates (PARs). Filling this gap has been the motivation of the pollen monitoring network, whose contributors monitored pollen deposition in modified Tauber traps for several years or decades across Europe. Here we present this monitoring dataset consisting of 351 trap locations with a total of 2742 annual samples covering the period from 1981 to 2017. This dataset shows that total PAR is influenced by forest cover and climate parameters, which determine pollen productivity and correlate with latitude. Treeless vegetation produced PAR values of at least 140 grains cm−2 yr−1. Tree PAR increased by at least 400 grains cm−2 yr−1 with each 10 % increase in forest cover. Pollen traps situated beyond 200 km of the distribution of a given tree species still collect occasional pollen grains of that species. The threshold of this long-distance transport differs for individual species and is generally below 60 grains cm−2 yr−1. Comparisons between modern and fossil PAR from the same regions show similar values. For temperate taxa, modern analogues for fossil PARs are generally found downslope or southward of the fossil sites. While we do not find modern situations comparable to fossil PAR values of some taxa (e.g. Corylus), CO2 fertilization and land use may cause high modern PARs that are not documented in the fossil record. The modern data are now publicly available in the Neotoma Paleoecology Database and aid interpretations of fossil PAR data.publishedVersio

Prospective Longitudinal Evaluation of the Effect of Deployment-Acquired Traumatic Brain Injury on Posttraumatic Stress and Related Disorders: Results From the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS)

Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for deleterious mental health and functional outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the strength and specificity of the association between deployment-acquired TBI and subsequent posttraumatic stress and related disorders among U.S. Army personnel. Method A prospective, longitudinal survey of soldiers in three Brigade Combat Teams was conducted 1–2 months prior to an average 10-month deployment to Afghanistan (T0), upon redeployment to the United States (T1), approximately 3 months later (T2), and approximately 9 months later (T3). Outcomes of interest were 30-day prevalence postdeployment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive episode, generalized anxiety disorder, and suicidality, as well as presence and severity of postdeployment PTSD symptoms. Results Complete information was available for 4,645 soldiers. Approximately one in five soldiers reported exposure to mild (18.0%) or more-than-mild (1.2%) TBI(s) during the index deployment. Even after adjusting for other risk factors (e.g., predeployment mental health status, severity of deployment stress, prior TBI history), deployment-acquired TBI was associated with elevated adjusted odds of PTSD and generalized anxiety disorder at T2 and T3 and of major depressive episode at T2. Suicidality risk at T2 appeared similarly elevated, but this association did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions The findings highlight the importance of surveillance efforts to identify soldiers who have sustained TBIs and are therefore at risk for an array of postdeployment adverse mental health outcomes, including but not limited to PTSD. The mechanism(s) accounting for these associations need to be elucidated to inform development of effective preventive and early intervention programs.Psycholog

Mental Disorders, Comorbidity, and Pre-enlistment Suicidal Behavior Among New Soldiers in the U.S. Army: Results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS)

We examined the associations between mental disorders and suicidal behavior (ideation, plans, and attempts) among new soldiers using data from the New Soldier Study (NSS) component of the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS; n=38,507). Most new soldiers with a pre-enlistment history of suicide attempt reported a prior mental disorder (59.0%). Each disorder examined was associated with increased odds of suicidal behavior (ORs=2.6–8.6). Only PTSD and disorders characterized by irritability and impulsive/aggressive behavior (i.e., bipolar disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) predicted unplanned attempts among ideators. Mental disorders are important predictors of pre-enlistment suicidal behavior among new soldiers and should figure prominently in suicide screening and prevention efforts.Psycholog

Prevalence and correlates of suicidal behavior among new soldiers in the US Army: results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS)

Background The prevalence of suicide among U.S. Army soldiers has risen dramatically in recent years. Prior studies suggest that most soldiers with suicidal behaviors (i.e., ideation, plans, and attempts) had first onsets prior to enlistment. However, those data are based on retrospective self-reports of soldiers later in their Army careers. Unbiased examination of this issue requires investigation of suicidality among new soldiers. Method The New Soldier Study (NSS) of the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS) used fully structured self-administered measures to estimate preenlistment histories of suicide ideation, plans, and attempts among new soldiers reporting for Basic Combat Training in 2011–2012. Survival models examined sociodemographic correlates of each suicidal outcome. Results Lifetime prevalence estimates of preenlistment suicide ideation, plans, and attempts were 14.1, 2.3, and 1.9%, respectively. Most reported onsets of suicide plans and attempts (73.3–81.5%) occurred within the first year after onset of ideation. Odds of these lifetime suicidal behaviors among new soldiers were positively, but weakly associated with being female, unmarried, religion other than Protestant or Catholic, and a race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, or Hispanic. Conclusions Lifetime prevalence estimates of suicidal behaviors among new soldiers are consistent with retrospective reports of preenlistment prevalence obtained from soldiers later in their Army careers. Given that prior suicidal behaviors are among the strongest predictors of later suicides, consideration should be given to developing methods of obtaining valid reports of preenlistment suicidality from new soldiers to facilitate targeting of preventive interventions.Psycholog