PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF THE LEAVES OF LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA FROM MALAYSIA

Objective: This study was conducted to identify the phytochemical constituents of Leucaena leucocephala leaf extracts using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Methods: Hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol leaves extract of L. leucocephala were analyzed using GC-MS, while the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract were matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library.Results: GC-MS analysis of L. leucocephala leaves revealed the presence of 30 compounds and the major chemical constituents were Squalene (41.02%), Phytol (33.80%), 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol (30.86%) and 3,7,11-Tridecatrienenitrile, 4,8,12-trimethyl (25.64%). Some of these compounds have been reported to possess various biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, antiparasitic, insecticide, nematicide, pesticide, anti coronary, antiarthritic, antiandrogenic, hypocholesterolemic, cancer preventive, anti-cancer, analgesic, anesthetic, allergenic and etc.Conclusion: The findings of this study indicating that L. leucocephala leaves possess various potent bioactive compounds and is recommended as a plant of phytopharmaceutical importance

Migration in the Indian Bengal Delta and the Mahanadi Delta `a review of the literature

This series is based on the work of the Deltas, Vulnerability and Climate Change: Migration and Adaptation (DECCMA) project, funded by Canada’s International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and the UK’s Department for International Development (DFID) through the Collaborative Adaptation Research Initiative in Africa and Asia (CARIAA).Like anywhere else in India, Migration over past several decades from ISD have occurred for better livelihood opportunities and earning better income, acquiring higher education or skills.Such migration can be seen as seasonal in nature (CRS, 2010; CSE, 2012). But over the years, studies in Indian Bengal Delta are largely concentrating on migration resulting from natural disasters like cyclones, storm surges, erosion of land, breaching of embankments or submergence of islands. (Hazra Sugata et.al., 2002; CRS, 2010; CSE, 2012; Bera M., 2013; Ghosh A.K., 2014; GhoshTuhin, et.al., 2014; Mukherjee, 2014

Resettlement and rehabilitation : Indian scenario

This work was funded by Canada’s International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and the UK’s Department for International Development (DFID) through the Collaborative Adaptation Research Initiative in Africa and Asia (CARIAA).Displacement of people in India, is largely triggered by factors such as, development projects, political conflict, setting up Protected Area Networks and Conservation areas and natural disasters, amongst others. The International Displacement Monitoring Centre in 2007 reveal that about 50 million people in India had been displaced due to development projects in over 50 years. A study conducted in six states estimated the figure at around 60 million between 1947-2000 (Fernandes, 2007; Negi &Ganguly, 2011). ...Although, these approximate figures for displacement in India may be staggering, there remains no reliable data on the total number of people actually displaced nor the number of people that have been resettled and rehabilitated. This review highlights issues relating to resettlement and rehabilitation, majorly focusing on the following causes, political/ethnic conflict, and developmental projects

PENGARUH BIMBINGAN BELAJAR OLEH ORANG TUA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK DI KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR (Penelitian Kuantitatif Regresi Linear Sederhana Pada Peserta Didik Kelas IV di SDN se-Desa Pangauban Kecamatan Katapang Kabupaten Bandung)

Hasil belajar yang optimal perlu diupayakan. Salah satu faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi hasil belajar yaitu orang tua. Rendahnya hasil belajar peserta didik diharapkan dapat teratasi apabila peserta didik mendapat bimbingan belajar dari orang tuanya. Berdasarkan hal tersebut penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh bimbingan belajar oleh orang tua terhadap hasil belajar kognitif peserta didik dan seberapa besar pengaruhnya serta seberapa besar hubungan bimbingan belajar oleh orang tua (X) terhadap hasil belajar kognitif peserta didik (Y). Penelitian ini dilakukan di kelas IV SDN se Desa Pangauban Kecamatan Katapang dengan jumlah sampel orang tua sebanyak 179 dan peserta didik sebanyak 179. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi linear sederhana. Peneliti menggunakan angket, wawancara dan dokumentasi untuk mengumpulkan data kemudian melakukan uji normalitas dan uji linearitas data sebagai uji prasyarat. Untuk menjawab rumusan masalah peneliti menggunakan analisis regresi linear sederhana dan menggunakan program SPSS versi 16 untuk mempermudah penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara bimbingan belajar oleh orang tua terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik. Besarnya pengaruh bimbingan belajar oleh orang tua terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik yaitu sebesar 7,3% jika dilihat dari angket yang diisi oleh orang tua, dan 6,5% jika dilihat dari angket peserta didik dan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain. Sedangkan besarnya hubungan variabel X terhadap Y adalah sebesar 27,1% sedangkan jika dilihat dari angket peserta didik pengaruhnya 26,5%. Berdasarkan pemaparan di atas bimbingan belajar oleh orang tua berpengaruh positif terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik. Oleh karena itu antara pihak sekolah, guru dan orang tua harus terjalin komunikasi dan kerjasama yang baik agar tercapainya kesuksesan belajar peserta didik sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Kata Kunci : bimbingan belajar, orang tua, hasil belajar, kognitif

Mindelunden i Ryvangen: Fra monument til institution

Intet resumé

Governance challenges in addressing climatic concerns in coastal asia and Africa

Coastal people, especially those living within deltaic areas, encounter major climatic concerns which affect their livelihoods. To cope with this problem, different types of planned adaptation strategies have been implemented guided by laws, policies and programs. However, these guiding documents sometimes fall short of addressing the needs of climate-affected people, especially in natural resource-dependent societies in Asia and Africa. Based on this premise, this paper sought to evaluate the effectiveness of existing policy documents which affect the lives of people living in one large delta (Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna in Bangladesh), two medium-sized deltas (Indian Bengal delta—part of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna and Mahanadi in India), and a small-sized delta (Volta in Ghana). The study followed a mixed methods research design, which included desktop analyses of policies, laws and programs, a questionnaire survey conducted among individuals who played various roles in the policy and legal development processes at national and local levels and focus group discussions at the community level in the three countries. National laws, policies and programs were assessed in the context of climate change adaptation through three lenses: human rights, natural resource management and disaster response. Findings of this paper reveal that the existing documents have some strengths to promote adaptation, although they have some major limitations that cause concerns among the delta communities

Stakeholder mapping for adaptation in deltas

This series is based on the work of the Deltas, Vulnerability and Climate Change: Migration and Adaptation (DECCMA) project, funded by Canada’s International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and the UK’s Department for International Development (DFID) through the Collaborative Adaptation Research Initiative in Africa and Asia (CARIAA).The DECCMA project aims to develop the understanding and tools needed for sustainable adaptation in deltas. In this context, work package 1 (WP1) primarily aims at devising proper engagement procedures for understanding the capacity of the governance system to support migration and gender-sensitive sustainable adaptation in deltaic environments under changing climate; as well as ensuring that each delta region affords sufficient emphasis on governance and stakeholder engagement. This report focuses on the preparation of stakeholder maps for the four case areas (WT1.1.1)

Assessment of the humification degree of peat soil under sago (Metroxylon sagu) cultivation based on Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopic characteristics

Sago palm (Metroxylon sagu) is a tropical crop that can survive the acidic conditions of peat soil, which is cultivated at large scale in Sarawak (Malaysia). The performance of sago palm on deep peat is variable, and not all specimens are able to grow to maturity and produce a trunk. It is hypothesised that sago growth may be influenced by peat humification because a positive relationship between the fertility of peat soil and its degree of humification has been well reported. This article investigates the humification degree of peat soil used for cultivation of sago palms, as indicated by spectroscopic characteristics. The peat soil adjacent to trunking and non-trunking palms was sampled and compared with exposed uncultivated peat. The results showed that, where largely undecomposed woody material predominated in the underlying peat, degree of humification decreased with increasing depth. Uncultivated peat was more highly humified than cultivated peat because the latter was continuously replenished with new plant matter. On the basis of FTIR spectroscopy, no significant difference was found between cultivated peat sampled adjacent to trunking and non-trunking palms. On the other hand, the UV-Vis and FTIR data suggested lower humification degree in the underlying peat which may have led to inconsistent growth

Svensk författningssamling

Description based on: 1993Publisher variesSome vols. issued in partsVols. for 1876-1911 accompanied by: Bihang till Svensk författnings-samling för ...Mode of access: Internet.TITLE HISTORY: Swensk författnings-samling, 1. årg. (1825)-9. årg. (1833); Swensk författnings-samling för ..., 1834-1875; Svensk författnings-samling för ..., 1876-1911; Svensk författningssamling för ..., 1912-1970; Svensk författningssamling, 1971