Field Emission Behaviour of the Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes Grown by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD) System

Single wall carbon nanotubes have been grown on Fe using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD) system. The thickness of the Fe film prepared by RF sputtering system was about 10 nm. The field emission characteristic was measured which showed good enhancement factor. The grown CNTs were characterized by various techniques such as SEM, Raman study etc. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3100

Frequency of vitamin d deficiency in multiple sclerosis patients: a cross sectional study.

Vitamin D deficiency is linked to poor treatment response in patients with Multiple S clerosis. The aim of this study is to define the frequency of Vitamin D deficiency for early detection and timely intervention leading to improved morbidity rates

Digital Transformation

The amount of literature on Digital Transformation is staggering—and it keeps growing. Why, then, come out with yet another such document? Moreover, any text aiming at explaining the Digital Transformation by presenting a snapshot is going to become obsolete in a blink of an eye, most likely to be already obsolete at the time it is first published. The FDC Initiative on Digital Reality felt there is a need to look at the Digital Transformation from the point of view of a profound change that is pervading the entire society—a change made possible by technology and that keeps changing due to technology evolution opening new possibilities but is also a change happening because it has strong economic reasons. The direction of this change is not easy to predict because it is steered by a cultural evolution of society, an evolution that is happening in niches and that may expand rapidly to larger constituencies and as rapidly may fade away. This creation, selection by experimentation, adoption, and sudden disappearance, is what makes the whole scenario so unpredictable and continuously changing.The amount of literature on Digital Transformation is staggering—and it keeps growing. Why, then, come out with yet another such document? Moreover, any text aiming at explaining the Digital Transformation by presenting a snapshot is going to become obsolete in a blink of an eye, most likely to be already obsolete at the time it is first published. The FDC Initiative on Digital Reality felt there is a need to look at the Digital Transformation from the point of view of a profound change that is pervading the entire society—a change made possible by technology and that keeps changing due to technology evolution opening new possibilities but is also a change happening because it has strong economic reasons. The direction of this change is not easy to predict because it is steered by a cultural evolution of society, an evolution that is happening in niches and that may expand rapidly to larger constituencies and as rapidly may fade away. This creation, selection by experimentation, adoption, and sudden disappearance, is what makes the whole scenario so unpredictable and continuously changing

Synthesis of some potent immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory metabolites by fungal transformation of anabolic steroid oxymetholone

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Biotransformation of organic compounds by using microbial whole cells provides an efficient approach to obtain novel analogues which are often difficult to synthesize chemically. In this manuscript, we report for the first time the microbial transformation of a synthetic anabolic steroidal drug, oxymetholone, by fungal cell cultures.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Incubation of oxymetholone (<b>1</b>) with <it>Macrophomina phaseolina</it>, <it>Aspergillus niger</it>, <it>Rhizopus stolonifer</it>, and <it>Fusarium lini</it> produced 17β-hydroxy-2-(hydroxy-methyl)-17α-methyl-5α-androstan-1-en-3-one (<b>2</b>), 2α,17α-di(hydroxyl-methyl)-5α-androstan-3β,17β-diol (<b>3</b>), 17α-methyl-5α-androstan-2α,3β,17β-triol (<b>4</b>), 17β-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-17α-methyl-androst-1,4-dien-3-one (<b>5</b>), 17β-hydroxy-2α-(hydroxy-methyl)-17α-methyl-5α-androstan-3-one (<b>6</b>), and 2α-(hydroxymethyl)-17α-methyl-5α-androstan-3β-17β-diol (<b>7</b>). Their structures were deduced by spectral analyses, as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Compounds <b>2</b>–<b>5</b> were identified as the new metabolites of <b>1</b>. The immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities and cytotoxicity of compounds <b>1</b>–<b>7</b> were evaluated by observing their effects on T-cell proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and normal cell growth in MTT assays, respectively. These compounds showed immunosuppressant effect in the T-cell proliferation assay with IC₅₀ values between 31.2 to 2.7 μg/mL, while the IC₅₀ values for ROS inhibition, representing anti-inflammatory effect, were in the range of 25.6 to 2.0 μg/mL. All the compounds were found to be non-toxic in a cell-based cytotoxicity assay.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Microbial transformation of oxymetholone (<b>1</b>) provides an efficient method for structural transformation of <b>1</b>. The transformed products were obtained as a result of <it>de novo</it> stereoselective reduction of the enone system, isomerization of double bond, insertion of double bond and hydroxylation. The transformed products, which showed significant immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory activities, can be further studied for their potential as novel drugs.</p