The field oriented control of a permanent magnet synchrounous motor (PMSM) by using fuzzy logic

This project presents the comprehensive performance analysis on the principle of operation, design considerations and control algorithms of the field oriented control (FOC) for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system of Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and proportional-integral PI for speed control in closed loop operation. To perform speed control of typical PMSM drives, PI controllers and FOC method are classically used. PI Controller controller suffers from the drawback that for its proper performance, the limits of the controller gains and the rate at which they would change have to be appropriately chosen. Fuzzy based gain scheduling of PI controller has been proposed in which uses in order to overcome the PI speed controller problem. The simulation results show that the proposed FLC speed controller produce significant improvement control performance compare to the PI controller. FLC speed controller produced a better performance than PI speed controller where the overshoot is totally removed and the settling time faster than PI speed controller in achieving desired output speed. The fuzzy algorithm is based on human intuition and experience and can be regarded as a set of heuristic decision rules. It is possible to obtain very good performance in the presence of varying load conditions changes of mechanical parameters and inaccuracy in the process modelling. Research and application of fuzzy logic are developing very rapidly, with promising impacts on electric drives and power electronics in future. Keywords: FOC, PMSM, FLC, PI and for Speed Control

Studi Interaksi Seng(II) pada Asam Humat Muara Kuang Serta Aplikasinya terhadap Limbah Industri Pelapisan Seng

Telah diekstraksi asam humat dari tanah gambut asal Muara Kuang dengan menggunakan natrium hidroksida dalam kondisi atmosfir nitrogen. Asam humat yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi dengan spektroskopi infra merah, kadar air dan kadar abu untuk selanjutnya digunakan sebagai material untuk mengikat kation seng(II) dalam medium air dan diterapkan untuk mengikat kation dalam limbah industri pelapisan seng. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asam humat dari tanah gambut asal Muara Kuang mengandung gugus karboksilat (-COOH) dengan kadar abu sebesar 26,04% (b/b) dan kadar air sebesar 14,16%(b/b). Kation Zn(II) yang terikat pada asam humat hasil isolasi sebanyak 96,79%. Asam humat hasil isolasi dapat mengikat kation Zn(II) dari limbah industri pelapisan seng sebesar 8,814%

Top-down inputs enhance orientation selectivity in neurons of the primary visual cortex during perceptual learning.

Perceptual learning has been used to probe the mechanisms of cortical plasticity in the adult brain. Feedback projections are ubiquitous in the cortex, but little is known about their role in cortical plasticity. Here we explore the hypothesis that learning visual orientation discrimination involves learning-dependent plasticity of top-down feedback inputs from higher cortical areas, serving a different function from plasticity due to changes in recurrent connections within a cortical area. In a Hodgkin-Huxley-based spiking neural network model of visual cortex, we show that modulation of feedback inputs to V1 from higher cortical areas results in shunting inhibition in V1 neurons, which changes the response properties of V1 neurons. The orientation selectivity of V1 neurons is enhanced without changing orientation preference, preserving the topographic organizations in V1. These results provide new insights to the mechanisms of plasticity in the adult brain, reconciling apparently inconsistent experiments and providing a new hypothesis for a functional role of the feedback connections

The Relationship Between Total Quality Management (Tqm) Practices, Service Quality, Market Orientation, And Organizational Performance

Organizations, both manufacturing and service have realized the importance of quality. Therefore, they have been influenced by some quality programs related to Total Quality Management (TQM). TQM is always said to provide a lot of benefits to the organization. One of them is better service quality, which is crucial for service organizations in satisfying customers' needs and wants

Taburan dan Populasi Ikan Air Tawar di Beberapa.Altitud di Taman Kinabalu Sabah, Malaysia.

A survey was conducted to study the distribution and population of freshwater fish fauna of the Kinabalu Park.. Fishes were sampled using electro shocker; the impact of water quality was also studied. Physical parameters were determined in-situ while several nutrient and heavy metal contents were analysed in the laboratory. A total of 22 species were found, representing5families. Rasbora hubbsi, Osteochilus spilurus and Nematabramis alestes are new listings for this area. Oreochromis mossambicus and Trichogaster trichopterus were not found although they had been reported previously. The distribution and population offish were found to vary according to altitude and several physical parameters of the waters

Factors contribute the turnover intention: a case study on semiconductor company based in Melaka / Suatika Samat

The study is about “The factor contributes the turnover intention: a case study on semiconductor company based in Melaka”. The concept of employee turnover intention has become one of the most important topics in organization. Some of the studies come up with a lot of factors that could give impact on turnover intention; however there are other factors such as organizational culture and organizational commitment, organizational person fit also could give impact towards turnover intention. The purpose of this research is to examine the influences of organizational culture, organizational commitment and person organization fit towards turnover intention in Semiconductor Company based in Melaka. The total size of the sample is 80 respondents from top level until low level employees in Semiconductor Company, by using a multiple regression; it is found that organizational culture and organizational commitment, organization person fit give an impact on turnover intention in Semiconductor Company based in Melaka

Prevalence of back pain and its associated factors among government dental personnel in kelantan

INTRODUCTION Dentistry is a high risk profession for the development of back pain as it requires high visual demands which result in the adoption of affixed and uncomfortable postures. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated factors of back pain among government dental personnel in Kelantan. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted among 350 dental personnel including dentist, dental nurse, technician and dental surgery assistant in all government dental clinics in Kelantan. Non probability sampling method was applied as all subjects were included in this study. A validated Branson Posture Assessment Instrument (BPAI) and direct observation of the subjects while performing their routine task were used. Proforma on sociodemographic and occupational characteristic was used. Descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation for numerical and percentage for categorical data were calculated. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with back pain. xv RESULTS From 350 respondents, majority were female (79.1%) and Malay (98.0%). Age of respondents ranged from 22 to 56 year old. The prevalence of back pain was 44.9% (95% CI: 39.65, 50.07). Dental technician gave the highest prevalence of back pain 52.4% (95% CI: 40.05, 64.71). Logistic regression analysis showed that after controlling for potential confounders, the significant risk factors associated with back pain were self reported abnormal posture (OR: 7.33, 95% CI: 3.19, 16.82) and job category (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.75). CONCLUSION The prevalence of back pain among Kelantan dental personnel was considered high. The significant risk factors associated with back pain were abnormal posture and job category. Innovations of ergonomically friendly dental equipment is one of the method to improve the work practice and health of the dental personnel

Improvement of phytase efficacy in poultry through dietary fat supplementation

Phosphorus in phytate is largely unavailable to chickens unless they are provided with dietary phytase. Phytase was shown to increase phytate degradation in the crop and proventriculus-gizzard and very little phytate degradation occurred in the duodenum-jejunum or ileum. These previous investigations were conducted on chickens fed corn based diets but not with wheat based diet. Increase in digesta passage or mean retention time (MRT) along the gastrointestinal tract could enhance phytase efficacy as the prolonged reaction time between substrates and phytase may further facilitate phytate dephosphorylation. Dietary fat and fibre supplementation have been shown to influence intestinal MRT in chickens therefore it is expected that inclusion of both dietary fat and fibre could be manipulated to further improve phytase efficacy in broiler chickens. Three experiments and preliminary studies were conducted: 1) to assess the effect of methodology on estimation of phytate hydrolysis and P digestibility in young broilers and 2) to investigate whether or not dietary fat and fibre could further improve phytase efficacy in broilers fed diets containing wheat by delaying digesta MRT. In the preliminary study, in order to facilitate analysis of limited digesta samples, a sample preparation protocol involving H2SO4 digestion for sequential analysis of titanium and other minerals in feed and digesta was established. It was also found that blood protein interfered with the colorimetric analysis of P and myo-inositol, thus deproteinization is required. Continuous feeding prior to sampling was recommended to obtain adequate amount of digesta for digestibility related analyses. In the first study, feeding duration (1 h or 5 h) and 1 h feeding followed by feed withdrawal and refeeding prior to sampling significantly affected the concentration of phytate, inositol phosphates and measured degradation and digestibility of phytate-P in different segments of gastrointestinal tract, which could lead to overestimation or underestimation of degradation and digestibility values. Therefore, it is also recommended to collect digesta samples at least 3 h after the start of photoperiod and avoid sampling 4 h prior to dark period when lighting program is applied. In the second study, 5% fat inclusion had no significant effect on growth performance, while phytase supplementation at 1500 FTU/kg improved feed intake (FI) and body weight gain (BWG). However, interactions between both factors additively increased FI from 804g to 1,221g, BWG from 630 g to 904 g, ileal phytate degradation by 44% and ileal P digestibility by 17%. Adding cellulose as filler in pellet-crumbled diet has diluted the nutrient concentration in 5% fat diet that eventually led to poorer FCR. However, phytase supplementation eliminated the negative effect of nutrient dilution by improving performance of chickens as good as those fed those fed 5% fat diet without cellulose addition. In the third study, a combination of 1500 FTU/kg phytase supplementation with 5% fat increased crop digesta MRT and improved phytate-P degradation compared to with 1% fat, providing evidence for the role of fat in improving phytase efficacy in broilers. This thesis has shown the importance of methodology standardization in estimating phytate hydrolysis and P digestibility and the role of dietary fat and fibre in improving phytase efficacy in broiler

Applications Of Geographic Information Systems In Urban Land Use Planning In Malaysia

Over the past forty years Geographic Infonnation Systems (GIS) have been used in many planning applications ranging from daily administrative operations to strategic planning functions such as evaluating socio-economic data in land use allocation tasks

The relationship celebrity endorsement in cosmetic advertisement towards the brand loyalty in Klang Valley / Norafifi Samat

In the world of advertising, there are a lot of ways to express, to convey message and to deliver information to the consumer. Advertising plays an important role in any business and become one of the keys to effective product promotion. With the existence of so many communication media existed today, people are being exposed to advertising almost every day and almost everywhere. Celebrity endorsement is one of the strategies which companies frequently used to promote the brand thus enhances sales and ultimately increase market share. Celebrity endorser is a person who enjoys high reputations and prestige, and being known to most people. In addition, celebrity is a relevant strategy for the product categories which improves the image which cosmetic product. This is especially common in highly competitive cosmetic industry. In this study, relationship on brand loyalty of different factors of celebrity endorsement in cosmetic market was investigated. Trustworthiness, expertise, attractive, respect, and also similarity is independent variable element in celebrity endorsement that have been investigated in this study. In order to provide a guide in this study, five hypotheses were formulated. Data were collected from 60 respondents using the questionnaire and the results was analyzed using SPSS to find the significant relationship between independent variable and dependent variable