Examining κ, the high frequency spectral decay parameter, in Eastern Canada

This thesis examines the ground motion modeling parameter kappa (κ) in the stable continental region of eastern Canada. Kappa characterizes the decay of spectral amplitudes at high frequencies due to near-surface material de-amplification and is important in seismic hazard assessments. Kappa has significant economic and seismic safety implications for critical infrastructure such as nuclear power plants and dams. To examine kappa in eastern Canada, a database of ground motions to analyze near-source ground motion characteristics is developed. The database consists of ground motion records from 3357 earthquakes of moment magnitude (M) ≥1.5 recorded within 150 km of 25 seismic stations in eastern Canada. κ, is determined using two different methods: a classical Fourier acceleration spectral technique pioneered by Anderson and Hough [1984], applicable to M≥3.5 earthquakes; and Anderson and Humphrey’s [1991] broadband method, applicable to M≥1.5 earthquakes. Sensitivity and error of κ are examined for each method and used to better understand biases introduced by assumptions. Correlations between κ and physical seismic station characteristics, such as site shear-wave velocity, are examined to better understand what drives kappa. Kappa as determined using the classical method is on average 7ms on the horizontal component records and 0ms on the vertical for 9 seismic stations along the St. Lawrence River. Using the second method, kappa is determined for all 25 seismic stations and is on average -7ms on the horizontal, and -10ms on the vertical component. Negative kappa values are likely due to an issue inherent in the broadband inversion method where there is a trade-off of κ and corner frequency for small magnitude earthquakes. κ should be viewed as not being significantly different from zero when primary anelastic attenuation effects are modeled through regional whole-path crustal attenuation. Key findings regarding kappa include: (i) on average, kappa is not significantly different from zero on hard rock sites; (ii) kappa has high record-to-record variability both within and between sites; (iii) kappa is smaller on the vertical than the horizontal component; and (iv) kappa on rock sites does not appear to correlate with site-specific characteristic parameters (e.g., VS30, VSrock, and instrument housing)

Ethno-geochemical and phytolith studies of activity related patterns: A case study from Al Ma'tan, Jordan

Understanding Neolithic sites in southwest Asia is often difficult because of the lack of preservation of organic remains and the effects of various taphonomic processes that alter the original record. Here, we use an ethnographic approach to test the potential of using plant phytoliths and geochemistry to aid our interpretation of southwest Asian Neolithic sites. Our study of a recently abandoned stone and mud constructed village in Jordan, shows that for certain activity types, phytoliths and geochemistry can help distinguish different construction methods and functions, particularly for burnt areas, animal use areas and where there has been the addition of a specific construction material. For features constructed from the same source materials distinctions are more problematic. Geochemical and phytolith proxies were individually effective in distinguishing activity areas and construction materials, but signals were diminished when the statistical analysis was run on both forms of evidence combined. It is therefore recommended that the data from plant phytolith and geochemical analyses are subject to separate statistical tests and that the two sets of results are used in combination to interpret archaeological sites and their uses

Traversing reflexivity in palliative care research: interpreting stress and anxiety

This article explains how reflexivity was used in research by an Occupational Therapist (OT) with clinical experience of working with individuals in palliative care. Profession-specific reflections and interpretations of anxiety and stress are explored. An applied example of using ‘reflexive triggers’ from participants’ data is set out, alongside diary entries that navigate the researcher forwards through the project. By means of honest accounting of ‘lessons learned’ to collect her data, light is shed upon some common concerns by qualitative researchers; such as about contaminating the data, or leading and influencing the participants, or whether sufficient depth of insight is gained by, in this instance, the use of telephone interviews versus (face-to-face) focus groups. The tensions between the OT in palliative care and the academic interests of the doctoral researcher are discussed in this clinical context. The article concludes that there has been a significant shift in interpretation and meaning of language surrounding the practice of OTs with a recommendation that clients’ interpretations of anxiety and stress are to be valued

Matching anonymous participants in longitudinal research on sensitive topics: Challenges and recommendations

The purpose of this study was to examine the final analytic sample of a longitudinal randomized control trial (RCT) evaluation of a sexual violence prevention program at a university after facing challenges with the implementation of a self-generated identification code. The matched and unmatched samples (e.g., all unique surveys across all time periods) included 10,135 surveys. Eighty-eight percent of these surveys were matched into the final longitudinal dataset. Findings suggest that students with certain characteristics were more likely to be matched over time (i.e., students who participated in student government, Latino/a students, and Asian students). In addition, students who did not comply with RCT protocol were less likely to be matched. Student history of victimization or perpetration of sexual violence was not associated with being matched over time. This study provides recommendations for preventing matching problems in longitudinal studies, a process for rectifying matching issues and a critique of studies that do not address issues of matching-related sample bias in their final analytic sample

iPhone in NASA Ground Operations

A comprehensive review of the literature and historical background of NASA established a need for an easy-to-implement technological improvement to displaying procedures which is cost effective and risk reducing. Previous unsuccessful attempts have led this team to explore the practicality of using a mobile handheld device. The major products, inputs, resources, constraints, planning and effort required for consideration of this type of solution were outlined. After analyzing the physical, environmental, life-cycle, functional, and socio-technical requirements, a Functional Analysis was performed to describe the top-level, second-level, and third-level functions of the system requirements. In addition, the risk/value proposition of conversion to a new technology was considered and gave a blueprint for transitioning along with the tasks necessary to implement the device into the Vehicle Assembly Building's (VAB) current infrastructure. A Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) described the elemental work items of the implementation. Once the viability of this system was confirmed, a device was selected through use of technical design comparison methods including the Pugh Matrix and House of Quality. Comparison and evaluation of the Apple iPhone, Motorola Q, Blackberry, PC Notebook, and PDA revealed that the iPhone is the most suitable device for this task. This paper outlines the device design/ architecture, as well as some of the required infrastructure

You Are My Way to the Universe: Critical Collective Research Through Feminist Community Building

In diesem Artikel stützen wir uns auf den feministischen Kommunitarismus, um eine Kritik an dem vorherrschenden neoliberalen Modell der Zusammenarbeit in der qualitativen Sozialforschung zu entwickeln. Wir argumentieren, dass feministische Theorien und Praktiken über Gemeinschaftsbildung und politischen Aktivismus das Potenzial haben, die stark institutionalisierte, individualistische und managerialistische Kultur von Zusammenarbeit zu überwinden. Feministische Einsichten können Wissenschaftler*innen helfen, sich in der kollaborativen Forschung zurechtzufinden und Schlüsselfragen wie Reflexivität, Konsensbildung, Wissensvalidierung und Gruppensolidarität anzugehen. Wir nutzen unsere eigene Arbeit im Feministischen Forschungskollektiv und im WomenWeLove-Projekt, um eine alternative Orientierung und einen kollektiven Weg zur Verwirklichung einer transformativen Forschung vorzustellen. Diese feministische Intervention gegen die neoliberale Forschungskultur trägt zu laufenden Überlegungen darüber bei, wie wir mithilfe der qualitativen Sozialforschung Wissen produzieren und warum wir dies in der gegenwärtigen historischen Situation tun sollten. Sie erweitert unsere Vorstellungen von der Verantwortung der Forschenden und schafft neue Möglichkeiten für Widerstand und Emanzipation.In this article, we draw on the scholarship of feminist communitarianism to develop a critique of the predominant neoliberal qualitative social research collaboration model. We argue that feminist theories and praxis about community building and political activism have the potential to transcend the highly institutionalized, individualistic, and managerialist collaborative culture. Feminist insights can help today's researchers navigate collaborative research and address key issues such as reflexivity, consensus formation, knowledge validation, and group solidarity. We use our own work in the Feminist Research Collective and in the WomenWeLove project to present an alternative orientation and a collective way to enact transformative research. This feminist intervention against the neoliberal research culture contributes to the ongoing reflections of how we produce knowledge via qualitative social research and why we shall do so in the current historical juncture, expands our imaginations of researchers' responsibilities, and engenders new possibilities for resistance and emancipation

From Ta-Kesh to Ta-Kush : the affordances of digital, haptic visualisation for heritage accessibility

CITATION: Smith, K. et al. 2020. From Ta-Kesh to Ta-Kush: The affordances of digital, haptic visualisation for heritage accessibility. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, 19. doi:10.1016/j.daach.2020.e00159This paper describes the 3D facial depiction of a 2700-year-old mummy, Ta-Kush, stewarded by Maidstone Museum, UK, informed by new scientific and visual analysis which demanded a complete re-evaluation of her biography and presentation. The digital haptic reconstruction and visualisation workflow used to reconstruct her facial morphology is described, in the context of the multimodal and participatory approach taken by the museum in the complete redesign of the galleries in which the mummy is displayed. Informed by contemporary approaches to working with human remains in heritage spaces, we suggest that our virtual modelling methodology finds a logical conclusion in the presentation of the depiction both as a touch-object as well as a digital animation, and that this ‘digital unshelving’ enables the further rehumanization of Ta-Kush. Finally, we present and reflect upon visitor feedback, which suggests that audiences respond well to interpretive material in museums that utilizes cutting-edge, multimedia technologies.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212054820300588Publishers versio

Dissociable cognitive impairments in two strains of transgenic Alzheimer\u27s disease mice revealed by a battery of object-based tests

Object recognition tasks detect cognitive deficits in transgenic Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD) mouse models. Object recognition, however, is not a unitary process, and there are many uncharacterized facets of object processing with relevance to AD. We therefore systematically evaluated object processing in 5xFAD and 3xTG AD mice to clarify the nature of object recognition-related deficits. Twelve-month-old male and female 5xFAD and 3xTG mice were assessed on tasks for object identity recognition, spatial recognition, and multisensory object perception. Memory and multisensory perceptual impairments were observed, with interesting dissociations between transgenic AD strains and sex that paralleled neuropathological changes. Overreliance on the widespread object recognition task threatens to slow discovery of potentially significant and clinically relevant behavioural effects related to this multifaceted cognitive function. The current results support the use of carefully designed object-based test batteries to clarify the relationship between object recognition impairments and specific aspects of AD pathology in rodent models

Aggregation chimeras provide evidence of in vivo intercellular correction in ovine CLN6 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten disease)

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs; Batten disease) are fatal, mainly childhood, inherited neurodegenerative lysosomal storage diseases. Sheep affected with a CLN6 form display progressive regionally defined glial activation and subsequent neurodegeneration, indicating that neuroinflammation may be causative of pathogenesis. In this study, aggregation chimeras were generated from homozygous unaffected normal and CLN6 affected sheep embryos, resulting in seven chimeric animals with varied proportions of normal to affected cells. These sheep were classified as affected-like, recovering-like or normal-like, based on their cell-genotype ratios and their clinical and neuropathological profiles. Neuropathological examination of the affected-like animals revealed intense glial activation, prominent storage body accumulation and severe neurodegeneration within all cortical brain regions, along with vision loss and decreasing intracranial volumes and cortical thicknesses consistent with ovine CLN6 disease. In contrast, intercellular communication affecting pathology was evident at both the gross and histological level in the normal-like and recovering-like chimeras, resulting in a lack of glial activation and rare storage body accumulation in only a few cells. Initial intracranial volumes of the recovering-like chimeras were below normal but progressively recovered to about normal by two years of age. All had normal cortical thicknesses, and none went blind. Extended neurogenesis was evident in the brains of all the chimeras. This study indicates that although CLN6 is a membrane bound protein, the consequent defect is not cell intrinsic. The lack of glial activation and inflammatory responses in the normal-like and recovering-like chimeras indicate that newly generated cells are borne into a microenvironment conducive to maturation and survival