Interoperability between OPC UA and oneM2M

AbstractA key requirement of realizing the connected world featured by IoT is to ensure interoperability among different connected devices. Interoperability is also at the basis of the realization of the novel vision of Industry 4.0; a lot effort is put to make interoperable the interchange of information between industrial applications, also including IoT ecosystems. For this reason, during these last years, several approaches aimed to enhance interoperability between industrial applications and IoT appeared in the literature. In this paper an interoperability proposal is presented. It is based on the idea to realize interworking between the two standards considered among the reference ones in the industrial and IoT domains. They are the OPC UA for the industrial domain and oneM2M for the IoT. Interworking is realized in such a way to allow industrial applications based on OPC UA to acquire information coming from oneM2M-based IoT devices. The proposal allows an OPC UA Server to publish each piece of information produced by oneM2M-based IoT devices, so that this information may be consumed by industrial applications playing the OPC UA Client role

A Proposal to Improve Interoperability in the Industry 4.0 Based on the Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture Standard

The introduction of the Industrial Internet of Things in the factory environment is one of the most important features of the fourth industrial revolution. The main aim is the integration of sensor and actuator devices, based on the Internet of Things, with the industrial applications used for factory processes. This goal may be reached only if interoperability between the communication protocols existing in the domains of industrial applications and the Internet of Things is achieved. Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture (OPC UA) is considered one of the main reference communication standards in Industry 4.0 among industrial applications. Within the Internet of Things domain, the oneM2M communication protocol has been defined for solving the current fragmentation of this domain in the information exchange between sensor and actuator devices. Interoperability between these two communication protocols may allow integration of the industrial applications with Internet of Things-based devices. The current state of the art does not present any interoperability solution to allow the information produced by oneM2M-based devices to be consumed by OPC UA industrial applications. In order to reach this aim, the paper proposes a novel solution based on the use of a standard interworking proxy. The paper will describe this solution and the relevant software implementation

Proposing and Evaluating Allocation Algorithms in a Grid Environment

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Asset Administration Shell for PLC Representation Based on IEC 61131–3

In the Reference Architecture Model for Industrie 4.0, the concept of Asset Administration Shell is presented as the corner stone of interoperability. Asset Administration Shell is defined as a digital representation of an asset able to provide information about the asset including documents, properties, parameters, and functionalities, all organized in a consistent way. Information provided by an Asset Administration Shell can be adopted during whole life cycle of a production system, from its development until its disposal. At the lowest level of the hierarchy of a production system, usually automation and control programs are executed by Programmable Logic Controllers, whose programming technology is based on IEC 61131–3 standard. The IEC 61131–3 programs, the Programmable Logic Controllers where they run, and the real plant controlled are closely related. Considering the life cycle of a production system, the description of IEC 61131–3 programs and the relevant relationships with the plant should be clearly defined, leading to several advantages for example regarding the definition of testing plant operations, maintenance operations at run-time and reconfiguration process of the plant. What is missing for the realization of what said so far is a standard way to realize this description. For this reason, the paper presents an Asset Administration Shell model able to represent IEC 61131–3 programs and the relevant relationships with Programmable Logic Controllers and each device of the controlled plant

realising interoperability between opc ua and ocf

The paper deals with the interoperability issue inside Industry 4.0. Definition and adoption of communication standards are of paramount importance to improve the interoperability of industrial applications. For this reason, during the last few years, different organisations have developed reference architectures to align standards in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. Among them, an important role is played by OPC UA international standard (IEC 62541). Application in industrial contexts of modern Information & Communication Technology (ICT) concepts, such as Internet of Things (IoT), is a key-point in Industry 4.0. For this reason, the current literature presents several proposals aimed to improve interoperability between reference standards in Industry 4.0 and IoT ecosystems. The paper proposes a solution towards interoperability between OPC UA and IoT, based on the mapping of OPC UA and Open Connectivity Foundation (OCF) specifications defined very recently to enable the interoperability inside the IoT ecosystem. Although other examples of integration of OPC UA with the IoT are present in the current literature, the proposal is original as interoperability between OPC UA and OCF has not been treated until now. The proposal may also have a potential impact on the current definition of OCF specifications, as it will be pointed out in the paper

HER2 status in recurrent/metastatic androgen receptor overexpressing salivary gland carcinoma patients

BackgroundOverexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) occurs in almost 25-30% of androgen receptor (AR)-positive salivary gland carcinomas (SGCs), notably salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) and adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS). In the last years, several studies have reported the clinical benefit of HER2 directed therapies in this setting. This work aims at describing the natural history of AR-positive recurrent/metastatic (R/M) SGC patients, based on HER2 amplification status.MethodsConsecutive R/M AR-positive SGC patients accessing our Institution from 2010 to 2021 were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and survival analyses were performed to present the clinical characteristics of the selected patients and the outcomes, based on HER2 status. A specific focus was dedicated to patients developing metastases to the central nervous system (CNS).ResultsSeventy-four R/M AR-positive SGC patients (72 men) were analyzed. Median follow-up was 36.18 months (95% CI 30.19-42.66). HER2 status was available in 62 cases (84%) and in 42% the protein was overexpressed (HER2+). Compared with patients with HER2- SGCs, in patients with HER2+ disease, HR for disease recurrence was 2.97 (95% CI 1.44-6.1, p=0.003), and HR for death from R/M disease was 3.22 (95% CI 1.39-7.49, p=0.007). Moreover, the HER2+ group showed a non-significant trend towards a higher prevalence of CNS metastases (40% vs. 24%, p=0.263). Patients developing CNS metastases had shorter survival than those who did not; at bivariate analysis (covariates: CNS disease and HER2 status), HER2 status demonstrated its independent prognostic significance.DiscussionIn our patient population, HER2 amplification was a negative prognostic factor, and it was associated with a non-statistically significant higher risk of developing CNS metastasis. Further studies are needed to explore the potential clinical benefit of tackling the two biological pathways (AR and HER2) in patients affected by this rare and aggressive malignancy

Open access data in polar and cryospheric remote sensing

This paper aims to introduce the main types and sources of remotely sensed data that are freely available and have cryospheric applications. We describe aerial and satellite photography, satellite-borne visible, near-infrared and thermal infrared sensors, synthetic aperture radar, passive microwave imagers and active microwave scatterometers. We consider the availability and practical utility of archival data, dating back in some cases to the 1920s for aerial photography and the 1960s for satellite imagery, the data that are being collected today and the prospects for future data collection; in all cases, with a focus on data that are openly accessible. Derived data products are increasingly available, and we give examples of such products of particular value in polar and cryospheric research. We also discuss the availability and applicability of free and, where possible, open-source software tools for reading and processing remotely sensed data. The paper concludes with a discussion of open data access within polar and cryospheric sciences, considering trends in data discoverability, access, sharing and use.A. Pope would like to acknowledge support from the Earth Observation Technology Cluster, a knowledge exchange project, funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under its Technology Clusters Programme, the U.S. National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program, Trinity College (Cambridge) and the Dartmouth Visiting Young Scientist program sponsored by the NASA New Hampshire Space Grant.This is the final published version. It's also available from MDPI at http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/6/7/6183

Pre-treatment risk factors to predict early cisplatin-related nephrotoxicity in locally advanced head and neck cancer patients treated with chemoradiation: A single Institution experience

Objectives: Cisplatin is essential in the curative treatment of locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) patients. The assessment of risk factors to predict an early cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity could help in better managing one of the most relevant cisplatin-related dose-limiting factors. Material and methods: We retrospectively collected data of LA-HNSCC patients treated at our Institution from 2008 to 2019. Patients received cisplatin in a curative setting concurrently with radiation. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) was assessed as a dichotomous variable (CreaIncr) based on pre-treatment values, and values recorded at days 6-20 post-first cycle of cisplatin. Univariable logistic regression models were performed to investigate associations between CreaIncr and clinical characteristics. A multivariable logistic model on a priori selected putative covariates was performed. Results: Of the 350 LA-HNSCC treated patients, 204 were analyzed. Ninety (44 %) suffered from any grade AKI (grade I 51.1 %): out of them, 84.4 % received high-dose cisplatin (100 mg/m2 q21). On the univariable logistic regression model, male sex, age, serum uric acid, creatinine, concomitant drugs, and cisplatin schedule were significantly associated with a higher rate of AKI. At multivariable model, age (p = 0.034), baseline creatinine (p = 0.027), concomitant drugs (p = 0.043), and cisplatin schedule (one-day bolus or fractionated high-dose vs. weekly; p = 0.001) maintained their significant association. Conclusions: Identifying pre-treatment risk factors in LA-HNSCC patients may improve decision-making in a setting where cisplatin has a curative significance. A strict monitoring of AKI could avoid cisplatin dose adjustments, interruptions, and treatment delays, thus limiting a negative impact on outcomes