Effects of wall curvature on the dynamics of an impinging jet and resulting heat transfer

The effects of wall curvature on the dynamics of a round subsonic jet impinging on a concave surface are investigated for the first time by direct numerical solution of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. Impinging jets on curved surfaces are of interest in several applications, such as the impingement cooling of gas turbine blades. The simulation is performed at Reynolds and Mach numbers respectively equal to 3, 300 and 0.8. The impingement wall is kept at a constant temperature, 80 K higher than that of the jet at the inlet. The nozzle-to-plate distance (measured along the jet axis) is set to 5D, with D the nozzle diameter. In order to highlight the curvature effects, the present results are compared to a previous study of jet impinging on a flat plate. The specific influence of wall curvature is investigated through a frequency analysis based on discrete Fourier transform and dynamic mode decomposition. We found that the peak frequencies of the heat transfer also dominate the dynamics of primary vortices in the free jet region and secondary vortices produced by the interaction of primary vortices and the target plate. These frequencies are approximately 30% lower than those found in the reference study of impinging jet on a flat plate. Imperceptible differences were instead found in the time-averaged integral heat transfer

Use of lipase immobilized on celluse support for cleaning aged oil layers

The present study reports (i) the covalent immobilization of lipase on different cellulose supports (cotton buds, make-up remover pads, cellulose powder, cotton and tissues) using sodium periodate as activating agent and (ii) its application on the aged linseed oil removal from canvas. The optimization of experimental conditions such as pH, temperature and reaction time was performed for both, immobilization procedure and the biocatalyst application. Thus optimal conditions of immobilization were pH 7.0, 20 ºC, 0.3 mg lipase loading per mg support and 200 min reaction time, while those for treating canvas surface, having stratified aged linseed oil were pH 6, 40 ºC and 45 min reaction time. The ability of the immobilized lipase to remove aged oil films was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. O presente estudo relata (i) a imobilização covalente da lipase de Candida rugosa sobre diferentes suportes de celulose (cotonetes, algodão para remoção de maquiagem, pó de celulose, algodão e lenços), usando periodato de sódio como agente ativo, e (ii) suas aplicações na remoção de óleo de linhaça envelhecido, de telas. A otimização das condições experimentais como pH, temperatura e tempo de reação foi realizada para o procedimento de imobilização e para a aplicação do biocatalisador. Assim, as condições ótimas de imobilização foram pH 7,0, 20 ºC, 0,3 mg de lipase por mg do suporte e tempo de reação de 200 min, enquanto as condições necessárias para o tratamento da superfície de telas contendo óleo de linhaça envelhecido, foram pH 6, 40 ºC e tempo de reação de 45 min. A habilidade da lipase imobilizada em remover filmes de óleo envelhecido foi confirmada por análises de espectroscopia UV-Vis, cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (SEM

Prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: An exploratory analysis from the ARQ197-215 study

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phase i ii study of spartalizumab pdr001 an anti pd1 mab in patients with advanced melanoma or non small cell lung cancer

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Nivolumab Monotherapy and Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Recurrent Small Cell Lung Cancer: Results From the CheckMate 032 Randomized Cohort

Abstract Introduction Nivolumab monotherapy is approved in the United States for third-line or later metastatic small cell lung cancer based on pooled data from nonrandomized and randomized cohorts of the multicenter, open-label, phase 1/2 trial of nivolumab ± ipilimumab (CheckMate 032; NCT01928394). We report updated results, including long-term overall survival (OS), from the randomized cohort. Methods Patients with small cell lung cancer and disease progression after one to two prior chemotherapy regimens were randomized 3:2 to nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks or nivolumab 1 mg/kg plus ipilimumab 3 mg/kg every 3 weeks for four cycles followed by nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks. Patients were stratified by number of prior chemotherapy regimens and treated until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) by blinded independent central review. Results Overall, 147 patients received nivolumab and 96 nivolumab plus ipilimumab. Minimum follow-up for ORR/progression-free survival/safety was 11.9 months (nivolumab) and 11.2 months (nivolumab plus ipilimumab). ORR increased with nivolumab plus ipilimumab (21.9% versus 11.6% with nivolumab; odds ratio: 2.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.06–4.26; p = 0.03). For long-term OS, minimum follow-up was 29.0 months (nivolumab) versus 28.4 months (nivolumab plus ipilimumab); median (95% confidence interval) OS was 5.7 (3.8–7.6) versus 4.7 months (3.1–8.3). Twenty-four–month OS rates were 17.9% (nivolumab) and 16.9% (nivolumab plus ipilimumab). Grade 3 to 4 treatment-related adverse event rates were 12.9% (nivolumab) versus 37.5% (nivolumab plus ipilimumab), and treatment-related deaths were n =1 versus n = 3, respectively. Conclusions Whereas ORR (primary endpoint) was higher with nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus nivolumab, OS was similar between groups. In each group, OS remained encouraging with long-term follow-up. Toxicities were more common with combination therapy versus nivolumab monotherapy

A phase 1 study of mTORC1/2 inhibitor BI 860585 as a single agent or with exemestane or paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors

This phase 1 trial (NCT01938846) determined the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the mTOR serine/threonine kinase inhibitor, BI 860585, as monotherapy and with exemestane or paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors. This 3+3 dose-escalation study assessed BI 860585 monotherapy (5–300 mg/day; Arm A), BI 860585 (40–220 mg/day; Arm B) with 25 mg/day exemestane, and BI 860585 (80–220 mg/day; Arm C) with 60–80 mg/m2 /week paclitaxel, in 28-day cycles. Primary endpoints were the number of patients with dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) in cycle 1 and the MTD. Forty-one, 25, and 24 patients were treated (Arms A, B, and C). DLTs were observed in four (rash (n = 2), elevated alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase, diarrhea), four (rash (n = 3), stomatitis, and increased gamma-glutamyl transferase), and two (diarrhea, increased blood creatine phosphokinase) patients in cycle 1. The BI 860585 MTD was 220 mg/day (Arm A) and 160 mg/day (Arms B and C). Nine patients achieved an objective response (Arm B: Four partial responses (PRs); Arm C: Four PRs; one complete response). The disease control rate was 20%, 28%, and 58% (Arms A, B, and C). The most frequent treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were hyperglycemia (54%) and diarrhea (39%) (Arm A); diarrhea (40%) and stomatitis (40%) (Arm B); fatigue (58%) and diarrhea (58%) (Arm C). The MTD was determined in all arms. Antitumor activity was observed with BI 860585 monotherapy and in combination with exemestane or paclitaxel

Infusional 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin and mitomycin C in advanced gastric cancer : A low cost effective regimen

Recently, we reported a highly active regimen in advanced gastric cancer including a weekly administration of cisplatin, epidoxorubicin, leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil with the support of filgrastim. In order to simplify the administration and to decrease the toxicity of these drugs, mainly epidoxorubicin-induced alopecia, we designed a regimen including an infusional 5-fluorouracil schedule according to the de Gramont regimen, cisplatin and mitomycin C replacing epidoxorubicin. Forty-five patients with advanced or metastatic gastric cancer were treated with cisplatin 50 mg m−2 i.v. on day 1, every 2 weeks, 6S-stereoisomer-leucovorin 100 mg m−2 i.v. followed by 5-fluorouracil 400 mg m−2 i.v. bolus and 600 mg m−2 i.v. in a 22-h infusion, on days 1 and 2, every 2 weeks, and mitomycin C 7 mg m−2 i.v. bolus on day 2, every 6 weeks. Grades 3–4 toxicities (National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criteria) consisted mainly of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Five patients had a complete response and 16 had a partial response for an overall response rate of 46.7% (95% confidence interval, 32.1–61.2%). The median survival was 11 months. The combination of cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin according to de Gramont, and mitomycin C seems to be an active and safe regimen in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Because of its low cost it may be suggested for patients not enrolled into clinical trials

High curative resection rate with weekly cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, epidoxorubicin, 6S-leucovorin, glutathione, and filgastrim in patients with locally advanced, unresectable gastric cancer: a report from the Italian Group for the Study of Digestive Tract Cancer (GISCAD)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of a weekly preoperative chemotherapy in locally advanced, unresectable gastric cancer. In all, 82 patients with an Eastern Oncology Cooperative Group PS less than or equal to2 and normal cardiac function were enrolled onto the study. Surgical unresectability was confirmed in 52 patients (63%) at laparotomy, and in 30 (27%) cases by CT scan of the abdomen and endoscopic ultrasonography. Chemotherapy treatment was: cisplatin 40 mg m(-2); 5- fluorouracil 500 mg m(-2); epidoxorubicin 35 mg m(-2); 6S-leucovorin 250 mg m(-2) and glutathione 1.5 gm(-2) (PELF). One cycle consisted of 8 weekly treatments. Response to chemotherapy was observed in 40 of 82 patients (49%): six (7%) complete and 34 (41%) partial responses, and in four (5%) cases a complete pathological response was confirmed. Of the 40 responding patients, 37 (45%) had potentially curative surgery. Grade 3/4 leucopenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in three and two patients. At a median follow-up of 48 months, 25 of the 37 resected patients (68%) were alive and 24 (65%) were disease free. The median and 4-year survival for the whole group was 17 months and 31%, respectively. The median survival was 12 months for inoperable patients and it was not reached in resected patients

Assessment of the genotoxic impact of pesticides on farming communities in the countryside of Santa Catarina State, Brazil

The aim of this study was to assess the use of pesticides on farms located in the Lambedor River watershed in Guatambu, State of Santa Catarina, as well as to determine, by micronucleus testing, the risk of genotoxic impact. Samples from locally collected Cyprinus carpio, Hypostomus punctatus, Rhamdia quelen and Oreochromis niloticus gave evidence of a mean increase in micronuclei frequency from 6.21 to 13.78 in 1,000 erythrocytes, a clear indication of the genotoxic potenciality of pesticide residues in regional dams, and their significant contribution to local environmental contamination