Field trials of an improved cost-effective device for detecting peridomestic populations of Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in rural Argentina

An improved device for detecting peridomestic Triatoma infestans consisting of one-liter recycled Tetra Brik milk boxes with a central structure was tested using a matched-pair study design in two rural areas in Argentina. In Olta (La Rioja), the boxes were installed beneath the thatched roofs and on the vertical wooden posts of each peridomestic structure. After a 5-month exposure, at least one of the recovered boxes detected 88% of the 24 T. infestans-positive sites, and 86% of the 7 negative sites by timed manual collections at baseline. In Amamá (Santiago del Estero), the boxes were paired with the best performing prototype tested before (shelter unit). After 3 months, some evidence of infestation was detected in 89% (boxes) and 79% (shelters) of 18-19 sites positive by timed collections, whereas 19% and 16% of 32 negative sites were positive, respectively. Neither device differed significantly in the qualitative or quantitative collection of every sign of infestation. The installation site did not modify significantly the boxes' sampling efficiency in both study areas. As the total cost of each box was half as expensive as each shelter unit, the boxes are thus the most cost-effective and easy-to-use tool for detecting peridomestic T. infestans currently available.Fil: Vazquez Prokopec, Gonzalo Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; ArgentinaFil: Ceballos, Leonardo A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; ArgentinaFil: Salomón, Oscar Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Dirección Nacional de Institutos de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud. Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigaciones Endemo-epidémicas; ArgentinaFil: Gurtler, Ricardo Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Argentin

Phlebotominae Sand Flies in Paraguay. Abundance Distribution in the Southeastern Region

From September 1993 to August 2001, 7,190 phlebotomine were collected with CDC light trap in an endemic area for human leishmaniasis, in the departments of Misiones and Itapúa, Paraguay. Eleven species were identified: Lutzomyia neivai (93.7%), L. whitmani (4.1%), and L. fischeri, L. shannoni, L. migonei, L. misionensis, L. cortelezzii, L. pessoai, L. alphabetica, Brumptomyia avellari and B. guimaraesi (less than 1%). The last three species are new records for the country. The biodiversity and phlebotomine abundance were associated with the proximity to primary forest or gallery forest, but L. neivai was also found in peridomestic periurban environment. L. neivai was found throughout the year, and showed a period of higher activity from September to April (spring to fall) with a unimodal or bimodal pattern in relation to the annual rainy peaks during the summer. Background literature about phlebotomine from Paraguay has been reviewed.Fil: Salomón, Oscar Daniel. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación; ArgentinaFil: Rossi, Gustavo Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Cousiño, Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; ParaguayFil: Spinelli, Gustavo Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología ; ArgentinaFil: Rojas de Arias, Antonieta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; ParaguayFil: López de Puerto, Delfin G.. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; ParaguayFil: Ortiz, Arnaldo J.. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Paragua

Bayesian bot detection based on dns traffic similarity

ABSTRACT Bots often are detected by their communication with a command and control (C&C) infrastructure. To evade detection, botmasters are increasingly obfuscating C&C communications, e.g., by using fastflux or peer-to-peer protocols. However, commands tend to elicit similar actions in bots of a same botnet. We propose and evaluate a Bayesian approach for detecting bots based on the similarity of their DNS traffic to that of known bots. Experimental results and sensitivity analysis suggest that the proposed method is effective and robust

Dinamica del nitrogeno en avena (Avena sativa L.) cultivar Llaofen, en la VII region, a traves de su ciclo productivo

Resumen (Spanish, English)54 p.Se estudió el crecimiento y calidad de avena a dosis crecientes de N en la Estación Experimental de la Universidad de Talca, VII Región. Se compararon dosis entre 0 y 240 kg/ha, con intervalos de 60 unidades, empleando un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con 4 repeticiones. Se aplicó un 30% de N a la siembra y un 70% en el estado 23 (Escala de Zadoks). Se evaluó la población m-2, índice de área foliar, materia seca aérea total y aportes de estructuras de la planta, y concentración de N (método de Kjeldahl). Con estas mediciones se calculó la duración del área foliar, la tasa de crecimiento del cultivo, estrés de N, absorción de N total y por estructuras, y contenido de proteína total, (N * 6,25). Hubo una clara correlación entre crecimiento y altas dosis de N. La concentración de N en la planta aumentó con mayores dosis de N, y disminuyó a través del ciclo de crecimiento, desde valores máximos obtenidos a inicios de macolla (4,35% para N=240 kg ha-1 y 3,03% para N=0 kg ha-1). En espigadura, éstas fueron de 2,06% y 1,23% para las mismas dosis. Independientemente del nivel de N aplicado, se obtuvieron valores menores al 1% de N en madurez fisiológica. Los contenidos de N aumentaron, con mayores dosis, obteniéndose una asociación positiva entre concentración de proteína y materia seca producida al estado de espigadura. La producción primaria aumentó con altas aplicaciones de N, llegando a casi 13 ton ha-1 de materia seca con 240 kg ha-1 de N comparada con 8,7 toneladas, obtenidas con 60 kg de N ha-1, considerada una dosis normal utilizada por los productores. El contenido de proteína obtenida con dosis de nitrógeno de 180 ó 240 kg ha-1 superó al estado de espigadura en un 50% a aquél obtenido con 60 kg de N ha-1. La producción total de biomasa, para rangos idénticos de dosis de N, aumentó en un 40%. En conclusión, la cosecha en el estado de espigadura es apropiada, porque el contenido de N por unidad de superficie es alto, para su utilización como forraje conservado

Las vegas: Hidrosocioecosistemas esenciales de las regiones andinas

Se describe las caracteristias socio-ecologicas de las vegas, humedales de altura de alta biodiversidad.Fil: Navarro, Carlos Javier. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; ArgentinaFil: Grau, Hector Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; ArgentinaFil: Hocsman, Salomón. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; Argentin

Ecological aspects of phebotomine (Diptera, Psychodidae) in an endemic area of tegumentary leishmaniasis in the Northeastern Argentina, 1993-1998

The first epidemic tegumentary leishmaniasis ' outbreak in the province of Misiones was recorded in 1998, in the locality of Puerto Esperanza. Phlebotominae collected in the region, previously or simultaneously to the outbreak (September 1993-Decemher 1998) showed that the species Lutzomyia intermedia s. 1. was prevalent (94%, n 6,150) at all the sites sampled with miniature light trap (10) and Shannon trap (3). L. pessoai, L. whitmani, L. migonei, L. shannoni, L. fischeri, L. misionensis, Brumptomyia avellari and B. guimaraesi were also captured. Sand fly distribution in time and space suggests that in the province of Misiones (1) the species already present before 1990 could give rise to the epidemic by the density/dispersion fluctuation of their local populations; (2) the abundance of L. intermedia s. 1. was associated with environments with ecotones of primary-secondary vegetation, close to water bodies and with moderate human disturbance; (3) this species showed, towards the end of 1997, peaks of exceptional abundance, subsequent to rainfall peaks in 1996. This increase in abundance of potential vector sand fly populations close to houses with colonizable surroundings could have generated the 1998 epidemic outbreak.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Ventajas competitivas en empresas manufactureras, resultado de los sistemas de producción y la innovación

Actualmente, es vital para la empresa manufacturera contar con determinadas características, las cuales, logren establecer claramente la diferencia entre éstas y sus similares, por lo tanto es necesario avanzar en el desarrollo de las ventajas competitivas; y así, demostrar cuales son las fortalezas con las que cuenta la empresa, para competir con sus similares y salir adelante sobre éstas, aunque se trate de épocas adversas. Es por ello que la presente investigación, tiene como objetivo, determinar si el desarrollo de ventajas competitivas, tiene alguna relación con la situación en la que se encuentran los sistemas de producción, así como la innovación en las empresas manufactureras en Aguascalientes, México. Finalmente el estudio hace notar que en Aguascalientes, en este momento, el desarrollo de ventajas competitivas, se ve influenciado por lo que acontece en los sistemas de producción y la innovación con que cuentan las empresas manufacturera

A Bioactive Extract Rich in Triterpenic Acid and Polyphenols from Olea europaea Promotes Systemic Immunity and Protects Atlantic Salmon Smolts Against Furunculosis

In the present study, the modulation of the transcriptional immune response (microarray analysis) in the head kidney (HK) of the anadromous fish Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed a diet supplemented with an olive fruit extract (AQUOLIVE®) was evaluated. At the end of the trial (133 days), in order to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of the phytogenic tested against a bacterial infection, an in vivo challenge with Aeromonas salmonicida was performed. A total number of 1,027 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (805 up- and 222 downregulated) were found when comparing the transcriptomic profiling of the HK from fish fed the control and AQUOLIVE® diets. The HK transcripteractome revealed an expression profile that mainly favored biological processes related to immunity. Particularly, the signaling of i-kappa B kinase/NF-kappa and the activation of leukocytes, such as granulocytes and neutrophils degranulation, were suggested to be the primary actors of the innate immune response promoted by the tested functional feed additive in the HK. Moreover, the bacterial challenge with A. salmonicida that lasted 12 days showed that the cumulative survival was higher in fish fed the AQUOLIVE® diet (96.9 ± 6.4%) than the control group (60.7 ± 13.5%). These results indicate that the dietary supplementation of AQUOLIVE® at the level of 0.15% enhanced the systemic immune response and reduced the A. salmonicida cumulative mortality in Atlantic salmon smolts.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A first record of phlebotominae from Argentinean Patagonia (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)

A species of the Lutzomyia oswaldoi group is recorded from the Valcheta stream basin, Somuncura plateau, Patagonia. It represents the World southermost record of a species of Phlebotominae, apparently supporting the hypothesis about the relictual character of several components of the Somuncura plateau biota, particularly for those species belonging to the Paranaense lineages.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

The inclusion of the microalga Scenedesmus sp. in diets for rainbow trout, Onchorhynchus mykiss, juveniles

A nutritional study was conducted to evaluate the inclusion of the green microalga Scenedesmus sp. at 5% (SCE-5) as an alternative fishmeal ingredient. This microalga was tested with four replicates during 45 days using isolipidic (18%), isoproteic (48%), and isoenergetic (1.9 MJ kg−1) diets. Fish fed Scenedesmus sp. showed similar growth and feed efficiency parameters as the control group. Regarding the digestive function, the SCE-5 diet enhanced the activity of alkaline pancreatic proteases, whereas it did not affect that of intestinal enzymes involved in nutrient absorption. No histological alterations were found in fish fed the SCE-5 diet, although a higher density of goblet cells in the anterior intestine and changes in gut microbiome diversity were found in this group, which collectively suggests positive effects of this green microalga on the intestine. Dietary Scenedesmus sp. improved the fillet’s nutritional quality in terms of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels, although it also increased its yellowish color. The overall results of this study showed that Scenedesmus sp. is a safe ingredient for compound feeds in rainbow trout when considering fish growth performance, animal condition, and health parameters, although it substantially affected the color of the fillet that may potentially affect consumers’ preferences.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio