Coupled channels and production of near-threshold B(∗)Bˉ(∗)B^{(*)}\bar{B}^{(*)} resonances in e+e−e^{+}e^{-} annihilation

The effects of final-state interaction of hadrons, produced in $e^{+}e^{-}$ annihilation near the threshold, are discussed. If there is a loosely bound state or a virtual state in a system of produced hadrons, then the energy dependence of hadroproduction cross section is very strong. Our approach is based on the use of the effective potentials accounting for the interaction between hadrons in the final state. The cases of a few channels with nonzero transition amplitudes between them are considered. It is shown that these transitions drastically change the energy dependence of the cross sections. In particular, a narrow resonance below the threshold in one channel leads to a broad peak in another channel. We explained the non-trivial energy dependence of the production cross sections of $B\bar{B}$, $B^{*}\bar{B}$, $B\bar{B}^{*}$, $B^{*}\bar{B}^{*}$ near the thresholds in $e^{+}e^{-}$ annihilation and obtained good agreement between our predictions and the experimental data available.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figure

2d Gauge Theories and Generalized Geometry

We show that in the context of two-dimensional sigma models minimal coupling of an ordinary rigid symmetry Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ leads naturally to the appearance of the "generalized tangent bundle" $\mathbb{T}M \equiv TM \oplus T^*M$ by means of composite fields. Gauge transformations of the composite fields follow the Courant bracket, closing upon the choice of a Dirac structure $D \subset \mathbb{T}M$ (or, more generally, the choide of a "small Dirac-Rinehart sheaf" $\cal{D}$), in which the fields as well as the symmetry parameters are to take values. In these new variables, the gauge theory takes the form of a (non-topological) Dirac sigma model, which is applicable in a more general context and proves to be universal in two space-time dimensions: A gauging of $\mathfrak{g}$ of a standard sigma model with Wess-Zumino term exists, \emph{iff} there is a prolongation of the rigid symmetry to a Lie algebroid morphism from the action Lie algebroid $M \times \mathfrak{g}\to M$ into $D\to M$ (or the algebraic analogue of the morphism in the case of $\cal{D}$). The gauged sigma model results from a pullback by this morphism from the Dirac sigma model, which proves to be universal in two-spacetime dimensions in this sense.Comment: 22 pages, 2 figures; To appear in Journal of High Energy Physic

THE EFFECT OF MOTIVATION ON THE MOTOR ACTIVITIES OF STUDENTS UNDER DIFFERENT PHYSICAL EDUCATION APPROACHES

Introduction. Motivation of pupils is the principal aspect in successful physical education. One of the main objectives of a physical-education teacher is to create in pupils a strong desire to consciously and voluntarily carry out regular physical exercises and develop the potential to work independently. The aim of the research was to show the influence of various approaches to the organization of sports activities on motivation leading to physical activity in young men aged 16–18. Methodology and research methods. The methodological base of the research involved a personally-oriented educational concept combining differentiated and kinesiological approaches to physical education. The research was carried out in phases using annual and longitudinal tests to evaluate students’ knowledge and skills. Levels of general intelligence were estimated using the I-S-T 2000R test as adapted by L. A. Yasyukova. Formal-dynamic characteristics of individuality were studied using the method developed by V. M. Rusalov. In order to evaluate motivation for the realization of motor activity, a specially-designed questionnaire was used. IBM SPSS Statistics 22 and Microsoft Excel software programs were employed for statistical processing of primary experimental material. Results and scientific novelty. A comparative analysis of the personal characteristics of senior school students and 1st year students (177 people) identified heterochronism in the development of standard motive and mental abilities of young people. It was observed that a lack of synchronism in the formation of separate functional systems in an organism causes a different attitude of school students to physical exercises implemented through an integrated program and standard approach without taking into account individual characteristics of young men. As compared with their peers, motivation to sport activities is initially higher among pupils with higher motor function. A formative level of general intelligence is lower due to students’ potential success when performing a wide complex of activities required by the physical culture curriculum. However, allowing free choice in sport specialization significantly increases the motivation of young people who are physically weaker but who are more intellectually developed than their peers. Practical significance. The research outcomes serve as scientific justification for the more extensive introduction of sports-oriented approach into educational institutions when organizing physical education. A sports-oriented approach is focused on preferences and interests of each student. The approach provides a free choice of the most attractive kinds of activity which gives a feeling of satisfaction and self-confidence, and consequently, enhances motivation to physical selfimprovement through visiting fitness centres and gyms which, in turn, will ensure good health in the future. Введение. Важнейший фактор эффективности занятий физической культурой – мотивация учащихся. Сформировать у воспитанников устойчивое желание и потребность выполнять регулярно, добровольно, осознанно и в перспективе преимущественно самостоятельно физические упражнения – одна из основных задач преподавателя физкультуры. Цель статьи – продемонстрировать влияние различных подходов к организации спортивных занятий на мотивацию к двигательной активности юношей 16–18-летнего возраста. Методология и методики. Методологической базой исследования были положения личностно-ориентированной концепции обучения, а также дифференцированного и кинезиологического подходов к физическому воспитанию. Поэтапная работа проводилась методами «погодичных» и «продольных» (лонгитюдных) срезов. Уровни общего интеллекта испытуемых оценивались посредством теста Р. Амтхауэра в адаптации Л. А. Ясюковой. Формально-динамические свойства индивидуальности учащихся определялись с помощью методики В. М. Русалова. При выявлении уровня мотивации респондентов применялся авторский опросник. Для статистической обработки первичного экспериментального материала были задействованы программы SPSS Statistics 22 и Microsoft Excel. Результаты и научная новизна. На основе сравнительного анализа личностных характеристик старшеклассников общеобразовательной школы и студентов 1-х курсов вуза, совокупная выборка которых составила 177 человек, установлен гетерохронизм в развитии кондиционных двигательных и интеллектуальных способностей молодых людей. Доказывается, что отсутствием синхронности в становлении отдельных функциональных систем организма обусловлено разное отношение школьников к занятиям физкультурой, организованных на основе комплексного программно-нормативного подхода, не учитывающего индивидуальные особенности юношей. Мотивация к занятиям изначально выше у учащихся с более высокими двигательными показателями и менее низким, в сравнении со сверстниками, уровнем сформированности общего интеллекта, что объясняется их потенциальной успешностью выполнения широкого комплекса требований программы по физической культуре. Однако при свободном выборе спортивной специализации в вузе у молодых людей, отстающих в физической подготовке, но опережающих ровесников в интеллектуальном развитии, мотивация к спортивным занятиям существенно возрастает. Практическая значимость. Итоги исследования могут служить научным обоснованием внедрения в учебный процесс спортивно-ориентированного подхода к физвоспитанию, принимающего во внимание предпочтения и интересы каждого обучающегося и предоставляющего свободный выбор наиболее привлекательных для него видов деятельности, выполнение которых дает чувство удовлетворенности и уверенности в собственных силах, а следовательно, усиливает мотивацию к физическому самосовершенствованию и посещению спортивных залов и площадок, что, в свою очередь, является залогом поддержки крепкого здоровья

Effects of isospin violation in the e+e−→B(∗)Bˉ(∗)e^+e^- \rightarrow B^{(*)}\bar B^{(*)} cross sections

Model estimates are obtained for the influence of Coulomb effects on the ratio of the cross sections for the production of charged and neutral $B\bar B$ and $B^*\bar B^*$ pairs in $e^+e^-$ annihilation. It is shown that the difference between the masses of charged and neutral mesons obtained under the assumption that this ratio is constant on a scale of the order of the beam energy spread can differ from the true one by \delta M \sim 0.03\,\mbox{MeV} at the energy of $\Upsilon (5S)$ and by \delta M \sim 0.4\,\mbox{MeV} at the energy of $\Upsilon (4S)$. Thus, the errors given in the PDG for the difference between the masses of charged and neutral $B$ mesons, based on the results obtained at the energy of $\Upsilon (4S)$, are strongly underestimated. Similar measurements at the energy of $\Upsilon (5S)$ will have an order of magnitude smaller systematic shift for the mass difference. This circumstance should be taken into account when planning future experiments at the $B$ factory in KEK.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure

The BaBar Event Building and Level-3 Trigger Farm Upgrade

The BaBar experiment is the particle detector at the PEP-II B-factory facility at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. During the summer shutdown 2002 the BaBar Event Building and Level-3 trigger farm were upgraded from 60 Sun Ultra-5 machines and 100MBit/s Ethernet to 50 Dual-CPU 1.4GHz Pentium-III systems with Gigabit Ethernet. Combined with an upgrade to Gigabit Ethernet on the source side and a major feature extraction software speedup, this pushes the performance of the BaBar event builder and L3 filter to 5.5kHz at current background levels, almost three times the original design rate of 2kHz. For our specific application the new farm provides 8.5 times the CPU power of the old system.Comment: Talk from the 2003 Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP03), La Jolla, Ca, USA, March 2003, 4 pages, 1 eps figure, PSN MOGT00

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ СПИСОК ЭКСТРЕМИСТСКИХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ КАК ПОРОЖДЕНИЕ КУЛЬТУРЫ “FAN-FICTION”

The article suggests the analysis of problem of counteraction to distribution of extremist materials. According to the author, a strictly legal interpretation of the Federal list of extremist materials ignores the problem of the nature of extremist materials and the question of the applicability of this concept. As a result extremist materials can be understood as phantom, determined by fight the power with its political opponents. Overcoming this negative interpretation is possible through the interpretation of extremist materials in the context of the practices of the prohibition of texts that took place in society at different historical stages. Qualitative difference of extremist materials from other forms of censorship sets a postmodern culture in which there is a transformation of the concept of the author of the text up until his disappearance. This is the epitome of cultures fan-fiction – free community of persons who in their literary works – fanfiction – develop, modify or refine some of the original idea, embodied in a book, film, computer game. The author offers the interpretation of extremist materials as of fanfics object, where the list of extremist materials sets the boundaries of the field of extremist ideas, acting as a marker of the space limitation of the creative generation of information in the world of mass culture.В статье предлагается анализ проблемы противодействия распространению экстремистских материалов. По мнению автора, сугубо юридическая трактовка Федерального списка экстремистских материалов игнорирует проблему природы экстремистских материалов и вопрос о границах применимости данного понятия. В результате экстремистские материалы могут пониматься как фантом, определяемый в рамках борьбы власти со своими политическими противниками. Преодоление этой негативной трактовки возможно путем интерпретации экстремистских материалов в контексте практик запрета текстов, имевших место в обществе на иных исторических этапах. Качественное отличие экстремистских материалов от иных форм цензуры задается культурой постмодерна, в которой происходит трансформация концепта автора текста вплоть до полного его исчезновения. Воплощением этого выступает культура fan-fiction – свободного сообщества лиц, которые в своих литературных произведениях – фанфиках – развивают, изменяют или перерабатывают некую исходную идею, воплощенную в книге, фильме, компьютерной игре. Автор предлагает трактовку экстремистских материалов как фанфикшн объекта, где список экстремистских материалов задает границы поля экстремистской идеи, выступая маркером ограничения пространства творческого порождения информационных материалов в мире массовой культуры

Features of Political Transit in the Post-Soviet Space (on the Example of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic and the Donetsk People’s Republic)

The collapse of the USSR led not only to the formation of 15 independent states in the place of the former Soviet republics, but also to the strengthening of secessionism and the emergence of de facto states in the post-Soviet. The emergence, formation and transit of states of this type have many, both common and specific features associated with the peculiarities of their birth.Aim. A comparative analysis of the formation and transit of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR) and the Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR) as de facto states of the Russian world and a comparative analysis of the formation of industrial models of the economy of the unrecognized states and their management systems.Tasks. Development of models of management systems for the development of the economy of the self-proclaimed republics. Drawing up and substantiation of medium-term forecasts for the development of the PMR and the DPR: 1) integration into a new union state; 2) return to their “mother states” (Moldova and Ukraine); 3) joining Russia, 4) partial international recognition; 5) continuation of existence in the form of a “gray zone” of the economy and politics. Other options are possible, the most tragic of which is the end of support from Russia, which means the end of the existence of these de facto states.Methods. Methods of system analysis, short- and medium-term forecasting, comparative analysis were used.Conclusions. At the heart of any political system is the economy. It is the quality of the constructed economic model that determines the level and duration of the political independence of the state. This connection is especially evident in the construction of the statehood of territorial neoplasms, in which the creation of an economic system is built according to the patterns and principles of the economic system of the patron stateareas”, the shortcomings of the patron state system of the same name, from which the economic model and management mechanisms were “written off”, a comprehensive consideration of the features of secessionism in the specific historical conditions of the emergence of unrecogni zed states is necessary

Experimental study of the decay PHI(1020)--->ETA+GAMMA in multi-photon final state

In the SND experiment at VEPP-2M e^+e^- collider the phi(1020) ---> eta+gamma ---> 3pi^0+gamma decay was studied. The branching ratio B(phi--->eta+gamma) = (1.246 +- 0.025 +- 0.057)% was measured.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, 1 table, Submitted to JETP Let