Development Program to Estimate the Suitable of Raw Materials to Produce Cement

Raw material composition plays an essential role on the lining life of cement rotary kiln.They are obtained from hard rock quarries that represent the first step in the cement manufacturing process. That raw materials are transported to Al- Kufa cement plant then crushed and ground to very fine powder and then blended in the correct proportions.This research aims to study suitable rations of raw materials to produce cement in al Kufa cement plant in Iraq. Through a software program, suitale raw materials ratios for the clinker were estimated, then chemical and physical tests for clinker and cement according to Iraqi Standard Specification were done to recognize the effects on the properties of cement such as the ratios of major and minor oxides, Lime saturations factor (LSF), Silica Modulus (SM) Alumina Modulus (AM), compressive strength, setting time and soundness. Keywords: Portland Cement, Raw material, Cement industry, Rotary kiln and Factors Affective of clinker DOI: 10.7176/CER/11-1-0

A Comparative Biochemical Study Between Patient’s Obese and Healthy

Objectives: Obesity rates have increased globally with increase in the incidence of comorbidities especially type 2 diabetes mellitus. A cross-sectional study was conducted on healthy obese adults to estimate: (i) comparisons of anthropometric indicators, lipid profile, and glycemic profile in obese compared with non-obese, and (ii) the association of anthropometrics and lipid profile with glycemic profile in obese adults. Methods: The study includes 120 individual with aged ranged (25 – 55) years were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups: group one (G1) consist of 90 patients with a body mass index (BMI) of more than 25 kg/m2. Group two (G2) of 30 healthy adults as a control group with (BMI) of less than 25 kg/m2.waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist/hip ratio (WHR) as anthropometric indicators, and fasting serum lipid profile, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) as biochemical variables were assessed.  Statistical significance (α) was set at (p<0.05).Results: Based on independent samples T-test analysis acted as a significant comparison between non-obese and obese groups, anthropometrics and biochemical variables exhibited highly significant higher in obese compared with non-obese. Also, a positive significant correlation was found between WC and WHR with both of HOMA-IR and HbA1c. Finally, a positive significant association of HOMA-IR with triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), no significance was found as well as HbA1c showed only positive significant association with LDL-C. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that WC was the strongest indicator for increasing HOMA-IR than WHR. Also, this study revealed that abnormalities in lipid profile in obese participants have shown strong positive association with HOMA-IR, particularly LDL-C

Investigation of the activation of tumour-specific immune responses by gene therapy strategies using a model tumour antigen

Gene directed enzyme prodrug therapy using E.coli the enzyme nitroreductase (NR) to activate the prodrug CB1954, is being developed as an attractive targeted chemotherapy for eradication of localized tumours. In addition to direct killing of NR-expressing tumour cells and potentially also their immediate neighbours via local spread of the activated prodrug, the consequent release of tumour antigens from dying tumour cells has the potential to induce antitumour immune responses. The present study investigates the capacity of NR/CB1954-mediated tumour cell death to activate CD8$^+$ T cell responses using ovalbumin (OVA), as a model tumour antigen. The transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate tumour cell line (Tramp-C1) was modified to stably express the therapeutic NR gene together OVA. These modified tumour cells were used to seed tumours in mice and OVA-specific T cell responses to gene therapy were investigated. Treatment of mice bearing NR-expressing tumours with CB1954 enhanced expansion of endogenous OVA-specific CD8$^+$ T cells and marginally enhanced OVA-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, however long-term CD8$^+$ T cell dependent immunity was insignificant. The possibility of enhancing NR/CB1954-mediated long-term antitumour immune responses by combining with other immunogene therapies namely, 4-1BB costimulatory ligand (4-1BBL) or granulocyte macrophage colony stimulation factor (GM-CSF) was further explored. These combined therapies notably increased the frequency of memory OVA-specific CD8$^+$ T cell and CTL response in some lymphoid tissue relative to NR/CB1954 monotherapy. One of the obstacles to cancer immunotherapy is the development of T cell anergy early in the course of tumour progression, therefore it was of interest to investigate the potential of NR/CB1954 and 4-1BBL combined tumour therapy to reverse CD8$^+$ T cells anergy in vivo. This study describes preliminary results showing the effect of this combined therapy on the proliferative and functional responsiveness of anergic CD8$^+$ T cells. In conclusion, these findings indicate that NR/CB1954-mediated tumour cell death is a weakly immunogenic process that facilitates short-term antitumour CD8$^+$ T cell responses. Combining NR/CB1954 with intratumoural GM-CSF or 4-1BBL immunotherapy can enhance the frequency and effector function of memory tumour antigen-specific CD8$^+$ T cells; and thus has the potential to provide long-term antitumour immunity

Study ABO/Rh system with Endothelial Inflammatory Factors in Iraqi Arab Female with Diabetes Mellitus Type II

Diabetes mellitus type II is a disorder of metabolism and complex diseases affected by genetic environmental factors and associated with inflammation. The symptoms of type II diabetes develop gradually, which are associated with increased blood concentration of marker of the endothelial inflammatory factors. The expression of adhesion molecules, including E-selectin, intracellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) on the surface of vascular endothelial cells to help leukocyte stick to other surrounding tissues. Many researchers have made attempts to determine the significance of particular ABO phenotype for the susceptibility to diseases. Many reports show a strong association with the ABO blood groups and diabetes Type II. Dysfunction increases risk of type II diabetes among women with low level of subclinical incident diabetes. For that reason the present study has been designed to study the association between diabetic, endothelial dysfunction and blood group in Iraqi Arab diabetic women. Sixty patients of Iraqi Arabs female with previous diagnosed diabetic type II involved in this study and comparison with twenty controls matched in age, sex and ethnic groups. Both of patients and control divided into four sub groups according to the blood types. We evaluated endothelial inflammatory factors ICAM, VCAM and E-Selectin. Present data showed a significant difference in the serum level of ICAM-1 and E-section between diabetes mellitus type II patients and controls while there were no significant differences in the serum level of VCAM-1. In conclusion, significant increasing of the level of ICAM-1 and E-selectin made them as a risk factors to predict diabetes progression, women who carry blood group A, B and AB show appositive association with diabetic, while females who carry blood group O less susceptible to infected with diabetes mellitus type II

On Intuitionistic Fuzzy Neutrosophic Soft Ideal Topological Spaces

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy neutronsophic soft ideal in Intuitionistic fuzzy neutronsophic soft set theory. The concept of intuitionistic fuzzy neutrosophic soft local function is also introduced. These concepts are discussed with a view to find new intuitionistic fuzzy neutronsophic soft topologies from the original one. The basic structure, respecially a basic for such generated Intuitionistic fuzzy neutronsophic soft topologies also studied here. Finally, the notion of compatibility of intuitionistic fuzzy neutronsophic soft ideals with Intuitionistic fuzzy neutrosophic soft topologies is introduced and some equivalent conditions concerning, this topic are established here.&nbsp

Prevalence of occult hepatitis B infection in Diyala province, Iraq

Background: Occult HBV infection (OBI) is the absence of hepatitis surface antigens (HBsAg) that is not apparent during detection by serological tests despite the presence of virus DNA. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of OBI infection among various populations in Diyala province, Iraq. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st January to 30th September, 2021, at Ibn Sina Dialysis Center, Baquba Teaching Hospital, Iraq. Three hundred and sixty participants were equally involved (90 individuals for each) from the dialysis department, the thalassemia department, blood bank donation Centre, and the control group. Study populations were screened for HBV Ag, HBV c IgG, HBV c IgM, abusing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, and detecting HB core gene. Demographic data of the study group were recorded. Descriptive analysis was done using SPSS Version 25, and the P-value was considered significant wherever it was below 0.05. Results: The positivity rate of serological markers of OBI among the study population was (6.7%) of the participants were HBs Ag positive. Whereas 22 (6.1%) were anti-HBc IgG positive and 3 (0.8%) were anti-HBc IgM positive. The detection rates of the PCR products of 76 participants after amplification using specific primers for (core-gene) have been presented to the gel electrophoresis, which showed none of the 76 participants were positive for the HBc gene. Conclusion: The current study showed a medium percentage of anti-HBc IgG in the serum of the study groups without the presence of HBs Ag, which indicates the presence of a previous infection that was resolved or the occurrence of occult hepatitis B infection. The current study results also showed that the serum of any of the study groups was not positive for the core gene, which confirms the possibility of infection with OBI

Study ABO / Rh Systems with IL-18 & IL-33 in Iraqi Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type II

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorder disease. The inflammatory markers act as a new risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes with a possible association with ABO/Rh blood groups. Human ABO genes are located on chromosome 9q34.1-q34.2. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between inflammatory markers, interleukin (IL) -18 and IL-33 in type 2DM and ABO blood groups. Sixty four patients with newly diagnosed type2 DM and control group consist of twenty healthy Iraqi individual. Laboratory test were include ABO blood groups using standard serological procedures and detection IL-18 and IL-33 in serum by ELISA kits. The Present data showed a significant increase in the serum level of IL-18 between type 2 DM patients and control, while there was no significant difference in the serum level of IL-33. At the same time both study blood groups O patients & control showed lowest level of serum IL-18, while blood group A with allele A showed less concentration of IL-33 in patients & control. Blood group O showed the highest percentage in patients & control, also Rh positive showed higher percentage. In conclusion, positive relation between IL-18 concentration and risk of type 2 DM, thus may be a predictor for newly diagnostic diabetic patient, while Serum levels of IL-33 might be a predictor marker of disease progression. No associations were found between ABO & Rh groups with type 2 DM

CD40L membrane retention enhances the immunostimulatory effects of CD40 ligation

In carcinomas, the nature of CD40 ligand shapes the outcome of CD40 ligation. To date, the consequences of membrane-bound CD40L (mCD40L) on its immune-stimulatory function are unknown. Here, we examined the impact of mCD40L versus soluble CD40L (sCD40L) on T24 bladder carcinoma gene expression profiling. Of 410 differentially expressed genes, 286 were upregulated and 124 downregulated by mCD40L versus sCD40L. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed immune-stimulatory function as the most significant enriched biological process affected by upregulated transcripts, while those downregulated were critical for cell growth and division. Furthermore, immature dendritic cells (iDC) responded to mCD40L with enhanced maturation and activation over sCD40L evidenced by higher expression levels of CD83, CD86, HLA-DR and CD54, increased secretion of IL12 and IL10 and higher tumour-antigen (TA) uptake capacity. Furthermore, autologus CD3+ T cells responded to TA-loaded mCD40L-activated DC with increased proliferation and cytotoxic response (CD107a and IFN-γ-producing CD3+ CD8+ T cells) to the tumour-loaded autologous PBMCs compared to sCD40L. Thus, these data indicate that mCD40L enhances the immunostimulatory capacity over sCD40L. Furthermore, the ability of mCD40L to also directly induce cell death in CD40-expressing carcinomas, subsequently releasing tumour-specific antigens into the tumour microenvironment highlights the potential for mCD40L as a multi-faceted anti-cancer immunotherapeutic

Extraction and purification of L-Asparaginase II from local isolate of Proteus vulgaris

Forty one isolates of genus Proteus were collected from 140 clinical specimens such as urine, stool, wound, burn, and ear swabs from patients of both sex. These isolates were identified to three Proteus spp. P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris and P. penneri .The ability of these bacteria to produce L-asparaginase II by using semi quantitative and quantitative methods was determined. P. vulgaris Pv.U.92 was distinguished for high level of L-asparaginase II production with specific activity 1.97 U/mg. Optimum conditions for enzyme production were determined; D medium with 0.3% of L-asparagine at pH 7.5 with temperature degree 35°C for incubation. Ultrasonication was used to destroy the P. vulgaris Pv.U.92 cells then ASNase II was extracted and purified throughout several purification steps including precipitation with (NH4)2SO4(60-80%), DEAE-cellulose ion exchanger chromatography followed by Sephacryl S-300 filtration. The specific activity was 155.6 U/ mg and the purification fold was 27.3 with 10.4% yield

Down-Regulation of Progesterone hormone in Recurrent pregnancy Loss

Background: Progesterone hormone is important in the preparation for and in maintaining of pregnancy through different mechanisms but mainly by shifting the balance from Th1 to Th2 mediated immunity to avoid rejection of the fetus; in this study we tried to find out whether there is a relation between the level of the expression of progesterone and its stimulant HCG hormone and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Patients and Methods: Immunohistochemistry technique was performed to detect and determine the expression of progesterone and HCG hormones using paraffin embedded sections of curate samples obtained from 40 women, who where divided into three groups: 24 women with RPL, 10 women with abortion for the first time, and 6 women with induced abortion. Results: The levels of the expression of both progesterone and HCG hormones were found to be significantly down-regulated in the first group as compared with the second group (p=0.00), and the third group (p=0.00), with a highly significant positive correlation between these two parameters (r=0.866, p<0.01). Conclusion: Low expression of progesterone in women with RPL could raise the possibility of underlying immuno-endocrine pathology responsible for this recurrent loss due to the important role of progesterone as an immunosuppressive hormone help in maintaining pregnancy