EDI control : management and audit issues

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_guides/1419/thumbnail.jp

Reform of nursing education in Hong Kong : a study of nurse leadership and policy development

Nursing education in Hong Kong has undergone major reform in recent year similar to that in some Western countries, involving the introduction of degree level preparation. This reform occurred just before Hong Kong was returned to the sovereignty of China. While a combination of complex factors contributed to the reform, the role of nurse leaders was instrumental in influencing policy development. This study investigated the role of nurse leaders in this reform and the factors influencing their effectiveness. A case study approach was used with multiple data collection methods that included a documentary search of report newspapers, newsletters and journal articles; semi-structured interviews (n=26) nurse leaders and policy makers; and a questionnaire survey of nurses from fh regional hospitals in Hong Kong (n=678). The period studied extended from the first proposal for a nursing degree programme in 1985, to 1995 when 180 nursing degree places were secured. An integrated leadership model is derived from this study that contains dimensions that influence leadership effectiveness: situational variables, leader power base, leaders' attributes and style, and leaders' reciprocal relationships with followers. Data analysis indicated that nursing education reform could be conceptualised as an evolution process. Nurse leaders' roles focused on the acquisition of power which involved: establishing goals, communicating directions, increasing power through unity, increasing power through influences empowering followers and preparing self. Situational variables that impacted on leadership effectiveness were categorised as inertia and facilitation. Though the findings indicated that nurse leaders had the ability to influence nursing education reform to some extent, the questionnaire survey suggested that frontline nurse did not regard nurse leaders as having good leadership skills. Their evaluation of nurse leaders' effectiveness was generally negative. Furthermore, a lack of experience in the political arena and lack of unity within nursing further weakened nurse leaders' power. Nurse leaders' potential had not been maximised This study expands the knowledge on leadership by providing a multidimensional framework to comprehend or predict leadership behaviour. The findings also highlight the problems associated with nursing leadership development in Hong Kong and suggest the importance of education, positive socialisation professionalisation and power base in promoting nursing leadership development Further studies, using a prospective design, of nurse leadership in other areas are needed to test the generalisability of these findings

Legacy and social media respectively influence risk perceptions and protective behaviors during emerging health threats: A multi-wave analysis of communications on Zika virus cases.

ObjectiveBoth legacy media, such as television and newspapers, and online social media are potentially important but incompletely understood sources of information in the face of emerging public health risks. This research aimed to understand media effects on risk perceptions and behaviors concerning the Zika virus in the United States.MethodsWe analyzed a multi-wave nationally representative survey (N = 29,062) and the volume of communications in social and legacy media (i.e., legacy media data from news sources and databases, N = 2,660 and social media data from Twitter, N = 1,605,752) in the United States between April and October 2016, dates coinciding with the early cases of local transmission of Zika in the United States (i.e., 25 weeks). The present study conducted econometric analyses (i.e., Granger causality tests) to assess the associations of legacy and social media coverage with risk perceptions and protective behaviors in the total sample and specific groups separated by pregnancy status/intent, geographic region, income, education level, age, and ethnicity.ResultsThe results from the overall sample suggested that changes in the volume of information in legacy and social media (i.e., Twitter) were followed by different changes in community risk perceptions and protective behaviors. Specifically, social media coverage correlated with the level of risk perceptions, whereas the legacy media coverage correlated with the level of protective behaviors. Analyses across different subpopulations, including those of different pregnancy status/intent, geographic Zika risk, income, education level, age, and ethnicity, replicated the social media associations with risk perceptions in most cases. However, legacy media and protective behaviors were linked only in some vulnerable subpopulations (e.g., the less-educated populations).ConclusionUnderstanding how media coverage relates to Zika risk perceptions and protective behaviors will help to facilitate effective risk communications by healthcare professionals and providers, particularly when a health risk emerges

Research gap in the negative language transfer studies and a Sociocultural approach: A proposal of integration to foster L2 learning

There is a fairly long history in the studies of Second Language Acquisition and particularly in the field of Language Transfer (LT) as an inevitable phenomenon (Odlin, 1989). Most literatures thus far complied with a certain procedure in its study of LT, however, this is not without its limitations. Meanwhile, LT, particularly negative LT (-LT), may benefit from the application of Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and Scaffolding. The present paper reviews -LT literatures and suggests an integration with ZPD and Scaffolding to its study

Experimental Investigation of the NASA Common Research Model with a Natural Laminar Flow Wing in the NASA Langley National Transonic Facility

A test of the new NASA Common Research Model with a Natural Laminar Flow (CRMNLF) semispan wing in the NASA Langley National Transonic Facility (NTF) was completed in October 2018. The main focus of this test was the evaluation of the extent of laminar flow on the CRM-NLF wing at various Reynolds numbers and test conditions. During this test, data were acquired at chord Reynolds numbers from 10 to 30 million and at Mach numbers ranging from 0.84 to 0.86. This investigation provided valuable insight into the necessary procedures for laminar flow testing in the NTF. It also significantly advanced the new carbonbased heating layer technique to improve the quality of transition visualization data from temperature sensitive paint (TSP) in a cryogenic wind tunnel

Comparison of virtual patient simulation with Mannequin-based simulation for improving clinical performances in assessing and managing clinical deterioration: Randomized controlled trial

10.2196/jmir.3322Journal of Medical Internet Research169e21

Galois representations attached to automorphic forms on GL_2 over CM fields

In this paper we generalize the work of Harris-Soudry-Taylor and construct the compatible systems of two-dimensional Galois representations attached to cuspidal automorphic representations of cohomological type on GL_2 over a CM field with a suitable condition on their central characters. We also prove a local-global compatibility statement, up to semisimplification.Comment: 61 page

Predictors of Maternal Parental Self-Efficacy Among Primiparas in the Early Postnatal Period

10.1177/0193945914537724Western Journal of Nursing Researc

Perceptions of primiparas on a postnatal psychoeducation programme: The process evaluation

Midwifery311155-16

Preliminary Results from an Experimental Assessment of a Natural Laminar Flow Design Method

A 5.2% scale semispan model of the new Common Research Model with Natural Laminar Flow (CRM-NLF) was tested in the National Transonic Facility (NTF) at the NASA Langley Research Center. The model was tested at transonic cruise flight conditions with Reynolds numbers based on mean aerodynamic chord ranging from 10 to 30 million. The goal of the test was to experimentally validate a new design method, referred to as Crossflow Attenuated NLF (CATNLF), which shapes airfoils to have pressure distributions that delay transition on wings with high sweep and Reynolds numbers. Additionally, the test aimed to characterize the NTF laminar flow testing capabilities, as well as establish best practices for laminar flow wind tunnel testing. Preliminary results regarding the first goal of validating the new design method are presented in this paper. Experimental data analyzed in this assessment include surface pressure data and transition images. The surface pressure data acquired during the test agree well with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results. Transition images at a variety of Reynolds numbers and angles of attack are presented and compared to computational transition predictions. The experimental data are used to assess transition due to a turbulent attachment line, as well as crossflow and Tollmien-Schlichting modal instabilities. Preliminary results suggest the CATNLF design method is successful at delaying transition on wings with high sweep. Initial analysis of the transition front images showed transition Reynolds numbers that exceed historic experimental values at similar sweep angles. , section lif