DETERMINATION OF A CRITICAL ZONE OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL SOLUTION OF CRYSTAL FORMATION IN A WIDE SPECTRUM OF FREEZE-THAWING RATES

 «Візуальним» методом визначено залежність ступеня помутніння середовища від концентрації етиленгліколю (0¸70 % [v/v]) і швидкості заморожування-відтавання (10¸16×103 0С/хв). Отримано регресійне рівняння, яке спрощує встановлення мінімальної концентрації вітрифікуючого розчину кріопротектору, що містить етиленгліколь, яка забезпечує прозорість середовища при заданій швидкості теплообміну. Встановлено мінімальну концентрацію вітрифікуючого  розчину кріопротектору для  кріоконсервування  ембріонів  ссавців  (53 %  [v/v]), що  містить  етиленгліколь  і  сахарозу  (у співвідношенні 2:1), яка забезпечує  прозорість середовища при швидкості 6´103 0С/хв. «Визуальным» методом установлена зависимость степени помутнения среды от концентрации этиленгликоля (0¸70% [v/v]) и скорости замораживания-оттаивания (10¸16×103 0С/мин). Получено регрессионное уравнение, которое упрощает определение минимальной концентрации витрифицирующего раствора криопротектора, содержащего этиленгликоль и обеспечивающее прозрачность среды при заданной скорости теплообмена.Установлена минимальная концентрация витрифицирующего раствора криопротектора для криоконсервирования эмбрионов млекопитающих (53 % [v/v]), состоящая из  этиленгликоля и сахарозы (в соотношении 2 : 1), которая обеспечивает прозрачность среды при скорости 6´103 0С/мин.The «visual» method established dependence of extent of turbidity of the environment on concentration of ethylene glycol (0¸70% [v/v]) and of freeze-thawing rates (10¸16×103 0С/min). The regression equation which simplifies determination of the minimum concentration of vitrifications solution of the cryoprotector containing ethylene glycol and providing transparency of the environment at the set heat exchange rates is received. The minimum concentration of vitrification solution of a cryoprotector for cryoconservation of mammals embryos (53 % [v/v]) consisting of ethylene glycol and sucrose (in the ratio 2:1) which provides transparency of the environment at a rate of 6´103 0С/min. is established

A simple atomistic model for the simulation of the gel phase of lipid bilayers

In this paper we present the results of a large-scale numerical investigation of structural properties of a model of cell membrane, simulated as a bilayer of flexible molecules in vacuum. The study was performed by carrying out extensive Molecular Dynamics simulations, in the (NVE) micro-canonical ensemble, of two systems of different sizes (2x32 and 2x256 molecules), over a fairly large set of temperatures and densities, using parallel platforms and more standard serial computers. Depending on the dimension of the system, the dynamics was followed for physical times that go from few hundred of picoseconds for the largest system to 5--10 nanoseconds for the smallest one. We find that the bilayer remains stable even in the absence of water and neglecting Coulomb interactions in the whole range of temperatures and densities we have investigated. The extension of the region of physical parameters that we have explored has allowed us to study significant points in the phase diagram of the bilayer and to expose marked structural changes as density and temperature are varied, which are interpreted as the system passing from a crystal to a gel phase.Comment: 41 pages, 13 figure

Consequence of Interactive Effect of Exchange Rate Volatility and Trade on GDP Growth

Exchange rate volatility has been regarded as a vital macroeconomic concern for the policy makers and its impact on economic growth has gained much attention from the researchers in recent years. Existing studies tried to analyze the impact focusing on financial development. In contrast, we have given effort to examine it taking into account the trade dependence of the country. A panel of seven developing Asian countries has been studied for a total of 29 years (from 1985 to 2013). In order to generate the variable “exchange rate volatility” GARCH (1, 1) model is used with the monthly exchange rate of the countries for the period 1985 to 2013. By using cross sectional dependence test and panel unit root test the variable properties has been diagnosed and Pooled OLS, Panel Least Squares with Single Fixed Effects as well as Both way Fixed Effects and Panel EGLS with Mixed Effects has been used as the estimation technique. The findings suggest that exchange rate volatility has significant negative impact on economic growth and the impact becomes even more negative whenever Trade – GDP ratio is considered. In particular the negative impact of exchange rate volatility becomes more negative the higher the Trade – GDP ratio of the country. The finding is found to be robust against the definition of exchange rate volatility

Risk Management Practices of Selected Islamic Banks in Malaysia

This study explores the risk management practices of major Islamic banks in Malaysia with the objective of having deeper understanding of the practices and identifying ways for further improvements. Various aspects of risk management practices are assessed through survey questionnaires, particularly those relevant and specific to the case of the Islamic banks. The study finds that the Islamic banks adopt good risk management practices with few areas of improvements include the use of computerised support systems and more sophisticated approaches to measure risks and the use of Shari\u27ah compliance techniques to mitigate risks. By assessing their current risk management practices, the study hopes to contribute in terms of recommending strategies to strengthen the risk management practices of the Islamic banks so as to increase the overall competitiveness in the Islamic banking industry

Estrategias basadas en el aprendizaje cooperativo y en la metrología para el laboratorio en el trabajo experimental

Se proponen estrategias de secuencia didáctica para mejorar el trabajo experimental con la finalidad de conseguir los objetivos de aprendizaje y los contenidos propuestos. Las estrategias están basadas en el aprendizaje cooperativo y en un control estricto en las mediciones

Parallel computing and molecular dynamics of biological membranes

In this talk I discuss the general question of the portability of Molecular Dynamics codes for diffusive systems on parallel computers of the APE family. The intrinsic single precision arithmetics of the today available APE platforms does not seem to affect the numerical accuracy of the simulations, while the absence of integer addressing from CPU to individual nodes puts strong constraints on the possible programming strategies. Liquids can be very satisfactorily simulated using the "systolic" method. For more complex systems, like the biological ones at which we are ultimately interested in, the "domain decomposition" approach is best suited to beat the quadratic growth of the inter-molecular computational time with the number of elementary components of the system. The promising perspectives of using this strategy for extensive simulations of lipid bilayers are briefly reviewed.Comment: 4 pages LaTeX, 2 figures included, espcrc2.sty require

Evaluating Monetary Transmission Mechanism in Indonesia Through Exchange Rate Channel

:This study aims to evaluate the role of exchange rate channel in transmitting mone­tary policy effects in Indonesia by addressing the following questions: (i) to what extent is the contribution of the exchange rate in inflation rate fluctuations in Indonesia? (ii) What are the effects of exchange rate channel in explaining the direct pass through effect in Indonesia; and (iii) can the exchange rate channel explain the trade competitiveness in Indonesia? The study utilizes monthly data spanning from January 1990 to April 2009 and is divided into four sub-periods, namely (i) pre-crisis period: January 1990-July 1997; (ii) crisis period: August 1997-December 2000; (iii) post-crisis period: January 2001-June 2005; and (iv) post-ITF period: July 2005-April 2009. By adopting the standard Vector Autoregression model, the study finds changing nature of the exchange rate channel during the various sub-periods of the study

Faktor-faktor Penyebab Anak Menjadi Tidak Mandiri Pada Usia 5-6 Tahun Di Raudatul Athfal Babussalam

This study aimed to describe the internal factors, external factors and most influential factors that cause children to become dependent at the age of 5-6 years in Raudatul Babussalam RA North Pontianak. The method used is descriptive method with qualitative approach. The sample was 3 teachers, 3 children aged 5-6 years who are dependent, and 3 parents's dependent children. The results of the data analysis showed that the internal factors of emotional and intellectual that does not cause the children becomes dependent. External factors that cause children to be dependent is parenting parents and family economic status. While the most influential factors that cause children to be dependent is external factors, namely children parenting parents were overprotective

Relationship between homoeologous regulatory and structural genes in allopolyploid genome – A case study in bread wheat

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The patterns of expression of homoeologous genes in hexaploid bread wheat have been intensively studied in recent years, but the interaction between structural genes and their homoeologous regulatory genes remained unclear. The question was as to whether, in an allopolyploid, this interaction is genome-specific, or whether regulation cuts across genomes. The aim of the present study was cloning, sequence analysis, mapping and expression analysis of <it>F3H </it>(flavanone 3-hydroxylase – one of the key enzymes in the plant flavonoid biosynthesis pathway) homoeologues in bread wheat and study of the interaction between <it>F3H </it>and their regulatory genes homoeologues – <it>Rc </it>(red coleoptiles).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>PCR-based cloning of <it>F3H </it>sequences from hexaploid bread wheat (<it>Triticum aestivum </it>L.), a wild tetraploid wheat (<it>T. timopheevii</it>) and their putative diploid progenitors was employed to localize, physically map and analyse the expression of four distinct bread wheat <it>F3H </it>copies. Three of these form a homoeologous set, mapping to the chromosomes of homoeologous group 2; they are highly similar to one another at the structural and functional levels. However, the fourth copy is less homologous, and was not expressed in anthocyanin pigmented coleoptiles. The presence of dominant alleles at the <it>Rc-1 </it>homoeologous loci, which are responsible for anthocyanin pigmentation in the coleoptile, was correlated with <it>F3H </it>expression in pigmented coleoptiles. Each dominant <it>Rc-1 </it>allele affected the expression of the three <it>F3H </it>homoeologues equally, but the level of <it>F3H </it>expression was dependent on the identity of the dominant <it>Rc-1 </it>allele present. Thus, the homoeologous <it>Rc-1 </it>genes contribute more to functional divergence than do the structural <it>F3H </it>genes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The lack of any genome-specific relationship between <it>F3H-1 </it>and <it>Rc-1 </it>implies an integrative evolutionary process among the three diploid genomes, following the formation of hexaploid wheat. Regulatory genes probably contribute more to the functional divergence between the wheat genomes than do the structural genes themselves. This is in line with the growing consensus which suggests that although heritable morphological traits are determined by the expression of structural genes, it is the regulatory genes which are the prime determinants of allelic identity.</p

A WIDE DISTRIBUTION OF A NEW VRN-B1c ALLELE OF WHEAT TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. IN RUSSIA, UKRAINE AND ADJACENT REGIONS: A LINK WITH THE HEADING TIME AND ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL

The adaptation of common wheat (T. aestivum L.) to diverse environmental conditions is greatly under the control of genes involved in determination of vernalization response (Vrn-1 genes). It was found that the variation in common wheat heading time is affected not only by combination of Vrn-1 homoeoalleles but also by multiple alleles at a separate Vrn-1 locus. Previously, we described the Vrn-B1c allele from T.aestivum cv. 'Saratovskaya 29' and found significant differences in the structure of the first (1st) intron of this allele when compared to another highly abundant Vrn-B1a allele, specifically, the deletion of 0.8 kb coupled with the duplication of 0.4 kb. We suggested that the changes in the intron 1 of Vrn-B1c allele caused earlier ear emergence in the near-isogenic line and cultivars, carrying this allele. In this study we investigate the distribution of the Vrn-B1c allele in a wide set of spring wheat cultivars from Russia, Ukraine and adjacent regions. The analysis revealed that 40% of Russian and 53% of Ukranian spring wheat cultivars contain the Vrn-B1c allele. The high distribution of the Vrn-B1c allele can be explained by a frequent using of 'Saratovskaya 29' in the breeding process inside the studied area. From the other hand, the predominance of the Vrn-B1c allele among cultivars cultivated in West Siberia and Kazakhstan may be due to the selective advantage of this allele for the region where there is a high risk of early fall frosts