The ring compression test: Analysis of dimensions and canonical geometry

The compression ring test is universally accepted as a perfectly valid method by which determine simply and reliably the adhesion friction factor in a plastic deformation process. Its methodology is based on the application of geometric changes as both the reduction in thickness as the decrease in bore inner diameter in the strained ring itself. In this paper the performance of that test is the basis for establishing the coefficient of friction on a forging process so that, given this, its application to Upper Bound Theorem (UBT) by model Triangular Rigid Zones (TRZ), enable the establishment an intercomparison with empirical force, reaching a cuasivalidation of this Theorem in a certain range.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

A comparative study of image processing thresholding algorithms on residual oxide scale detection in stainless steel production lines

The present work is intended for residual oxide scale detection and classification through the application of image processing techniques. This is a defect that can remain in the surface of stainless steel coils after an incomplete pickling process in a production line. From a previous detailed study over reflectance of residual oxide defect, we present a comparative study of algorithms for image segmentation based on thresholding methods. In particular, two computational models based on multi-linear regression and neural networks will be proposed. A system based on conventional area camera with a special lighting was installed and fully integrated in an annealing and pickling line for model testing purposes. Finally, model approaches will be compared and evaluated their performance..Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Sovereign debt default risk and Covid-19 - the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on sovereign default risk and the relevance of fiscal space in developed and developing economies

In the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic CDS spreads over the world ramped up. I study how market perception for sovereign debt default (represented by 5- year CDS spreads) evolved depending on the intensity of the economic shock caused by the spread of COVID-19, in developed and developing economies. Using a threshold model, I find a statistically significant relation between the increase in COVID-19 and the increase in CDS spreads for developed economies, with that impact being more than doubled when the country is fiscally constrained. For developing economies, I conclude that the shock in CDS spreads is mostly driven by global-risk factors

Upper bound solutions of ring compression test

El presente trabajo aborda una particularización del proceso de forja, estudiando la deformación de un anillo. El conformado plástico se realiza mediante el empleo del Teorema del Límite Superior y siguiendo el modelo de Bloques Rígidos Triangulares para calcular la carga mínima necesaria para deformar plásticamente la pieza. Se establece la pieza a deformar como un anillo de geometría determinada por el denominado Ensayo de Compresión de Anillo (Ring Compression Test) bajo su configuración canónica, justificándose asimilar el proceso a uno de deformación plana. Se plantea desde una nueva perspectiva el estudio del radio neutro (radio a partir del cual el material de la pieza fluye en sentidos contrarios), elemento clave en la solución del problema.Universidad de Málaga, C.E.I. Andalucía Tec

PLANFOR: política compensatória para a inclusão na informalidade?

Study about the national politics on the professional education, under responsibility of the brazilian Work Department in 1990 years. Purposes to apprehend the results of the actions of the professional education in a basic level, offered by the National Plan of the worker qualification ( PLANFOR ), as well as the effects on the assisted exits, starting from the experience appreciated on the Plan of Qualification developed in the state of Maranhão between 1996 to 2000. It adopts a theoretical-methodological conception by an ontological nature, if being worth of categories as the one of totality and of mediation that together, makes possible the apprehension of a dialectical movement that happens among the analysis object, the professional education politics in a basic level, performed by PLANFOR and your context, the underdevelop and heterogeneous Brazilian capitalism and the consequent job market generalized precarious and informal, making possible that the reality investigated become to understood rationally. This paper uses the indirect documentation technique, instruments of the bibliographical research and documental research. This study is based on those that aren´t part of PLANFOR, qualified by professional education courses in basic level,they didn't get to be inserts at the formal job market, just occupying precarious occupations in the informal job market. Aims to presents and discusses the productive process and your restructuring globally in progress. It focuses at the impacts on the workers, the precariousness of the work that appears like a new phenomenon calls new informality. Talks about the particularity process of productive restructuring assumed in Brazil highlights, showing that the informality, was always a structural phenomenon in the country. Discusses about the professional qualification in the contemporary capitalism, specifying some of your theses. Shows in a historical view the process of appearance of the employment notions and competence, and the influence that it exercised on the reforms of the basic and professional education, as well as the implications of both in the politics of professional education in the country. Rescues the process of creation of PLANFOR, your official formulations and your organized bases, starting from the second half of the 1990 decade. Shows yet the continuos changes in the job market of Maranhão state, for after, starting from the reports expresses at the Plans of Qualification from the state, elaborated by the Group of Evaluation and Studies of the Poverty and the Politics addressed to the poverty from the Master degree Program in Public Politics, from the Federal University of Maranhão, analyzing the acting of PLANFOR in the State, your probable deficiencies, as results the changes verified in the conditions of occupation and the gains of the exits from the professional education courses in basic levelCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorEstudo sobre a política nacional de educação profissional, sob responsabilidade do Ministério do Trabalho, na década de 1990. Objetiva apreender os resultados das ações de educação profissional em nível básico oferecidas pelo Plano Nacional de Qualificação do Trabalhador (PLANFOR), bem como os efeitos sobre os egressos atendidos, a partir da apreciação da experiência do Plano Estadual de Qualificação desenvolvida no Maranhão, no período de 1996 a 2000. Adota uma concepção teórico-metodológica de natureza ontológica, se valendo de categorias como as de totalidade e de mediação que, juntas, possibilitam a apreensão do movimento dialético que ocorre entre o objeto de análise, a política de educação profissional em nível básico, executada pelo PLANFOR, e o seu contexto, o subdesenvolvido e heterogêneo capitalismo brasileiro e o conseqüente mercado de trabalho precarizado/informalizado, possibilitando que a realidade investigada possa vir a ser racionalmente compreendida. A pesquisa se vale da técnica de documentação indireta, recorrendo tanto aos instrumentos da pesquisa bibliográfica quanto aos da pesquisa documental. Parte do pressuposto de que os egressos do PLANFOR, qualificados pelos cursos de educação profissional em nível básico, não conseguiram se inserir no mercado formal de trabalho, mas tão somente em ocupações precárias no chamado mercado informal. Discute o processo de reestruturação produtiva ocorrido mundialmente, bem como os impactos sobre os trabalhadores, como a precarização do trabalho e o surgimento do fenômeno denominado de nova informalidade. Destaca a particularidade que o processo de reestruturação produtiva assumiu no Brasil, mostrando que a informalidade, ao contrário de ser conjuntural, sempre foi um fenômeno estrutural no país. Recupera parte da discussão sobre a qualificação profissional no capitalismo contemporâneo, resenhando algumas de suas teses. Historiciza o processo de surgimento das noções de empregabilidade e competência, e a influência que exerceu sobre as reformas da educação básica e profissional, bem como as implicações de ambas na política de educação profissional no país. Resgata o processo de criação do PLANFOR, suas formulações oficiais e suas bases organizativas, a partir da segunda metade da década de 1990. Mostra as mudanças e permanências no mercado de trabalho do Maranhão para, em seguida, a partir de dados oriundos dos relatórios de avaliação externa dos Planos Estaduais de Qualificação, elaborados pelo Grupo de Avaliação e Estudos da Pobreza e das Políticas Direcionadas à Pobreza, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Políticas Públicas, da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, analisar o desempenho do PLANFOR no Estado, suas prováveis deficiências, tendo, como foco, as mudanças verificadas nas condições de ocupação e renda dos egressos dos cursos de educação profissional em nível básic

Introduccion a la vida devota [Texto impreso]

El directorio de religiosos con port. y pag. propiasSign.: [calderon-3calderon]4, A-V4, X2Esc. xil. en por

Distributive justice and poverty alleviation in Mexico (1992-2000)

The liberal debate on egalitarian distributive justice was originally developed with affluent occidental countries in mind. We might ask whether the liberal egalitarian distributive question has a different answer when we consider countries with a different social justice answer should in principle better interpret a political conception of social justice for a poor society, and within this general distributive principle provide specific theoretical distributive criteria for the design of poverty alleviation programmes. I claim, as a possible answer to this theoretical question that egalitarianism could be better served by using a mixed distributive. I maintain that in extreme scarcity situations egalitarians should rather appeal to a moral pluralist view where many factors matter when we compare various feasible distributions, not only equality. This “hybrid” distributive view, which I have called Progressive Sufficiency would not give ultimate importance to equality; it would give priority to the worse off over the better off individuals only under some circumstances and would consider that several morally relevant thresholds should be clarified. Another problem relates to the type of goods upon we should focus when dealing with interpersonal comparisons. Three types are commonly distinguished: welfare, resources and capability. Progressive sufficiency for instance would recommend thresholds in advantage with the first one described in absolute terms and the second and third described in progressive increases of benefits, taking as the measure of benefits the average held by the proportion of the population within thresholds. Thus we could conclude that both analysis either of the distributive criterion and the currency of the distribution naturally fit together in a general prioritarian argument with graded steps of benefits. My case study is Mexico and some of its recent poverty alleviation programmes (1992-2000). In terms of developing countries, the Mexican case is interesting because most of its institutions and policies have being inspired by liberal ideas that have succeeded in creating a moderately strong economy, but have failed in the fair distribution of scarce resources

AGROFORESTERÍA CON CAFETALES EN EL ESTADO DE ESPÍRITO SANTO, BRASIL: UNA APROXIMACIÓN A LA TRANSICIÓN HACIA UN SISTEMA SOSTENIBLE

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5International audienceThe Espirito Santo State is located in the southeastern region of Brazil. The country´s Atlantic Forest vegetation covered most of its territory, but due to human actions, it has been reduced to only 8% of the original forest size. These consequences have a historical background beginning with the Portuguese colonization and continuing with the development of monocultures. This situation still continues today due to the conventional model that leads to socio-environmental degradation in modern agriculture. This has led to a search for alternative farming systems. Coffee production is an activity of great social and economic importance with a long history of unshaded coffee farming in this region. Family farming is predominant in the area, and coffee agroforestry systems could be an option that supports the transition towards agroecological farm management. Since the 90s, there have been some studies and workshops on agroforestry systems in the region, and some agroforestry units were implemented through nongovernmental organizations and government institutions. Although the results were not fully satisfactory, some farmers planted multiple use and timber species in their coffee in order to produce additional income. In 2004, three trials were established to test how each of these species could be associated with coffee. Thus, these coffee agroforestry systems could be part of a successful public policy that could favor the spread of these systems by increasing the diversity of species in the environment, and improving the socioeconomic situation of the region

The Upper Bound Theorem in forging processes: Model of Triangular Rigid Zones on parts with horizontal symmetry

The analysis to determine the necessary forces with which to achieve a plastic deformation in metallic materials, in particular, in forging processes and under conditions of plain strain, has been raised over the years through a double approach; on the one hand, by analytical methods that involve a great complexity in their developments but that allow a direct understanding of the parameters that direct these processes. On the other hand, numerical methods, in which, thanks to the enormous development of computer technology, they provide solutions with a high approximation but, in most cases, do not allow to interpret independently the effect of each one of the parameters that come into play. The development of computers relegated analytical methods to the background. An alternative of great interest to apply these methods comes from the study of the Upper Bound Theorem by means of the Triangular Rigid Zones (TRZ) Model. One of the main limitations in the application of this model come from the fact that it is necessary to define a kinematically admissible velocity field and for complex geometric configurations of parts, this field becomes increasingly complicated. A new approach has delimited, from a theoretical perspective, a modular configuration based on a General Module formed by three TRZ that adapts to any geometry of flat surfaces of the part. Another limitation of the Upper Bound Method is the consideration of the plain strain represented by a flat section with double symmetry. Obviously, this imposition only allows to study a limited number of part configurations, which restricts its application in forging processes since the great majority of forged parts do not present geometrically this double symmetry. The present work releases one of these boundary conditions allowing to expand the possibilities of application of this method.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec