Effects on mobility training and de-adaptations in subjects with Spinal Cord Injury due to a Wearable Robot: A preliminary report

open7noopenSale, Patrizio; Russo, Emanuele Francesco; Russo, Michele; Masiero, Stefano; Piccione, Francesco; Calabrò, Rocco Salvatore; Filoni, SerenaSale, Patrizio; Russo, Emanuele Francesco; Russo, Michele; Masiero, Stefano; Piccione, Francesco; Calabrò, Rocco Salvatore; Filoni, Seren

Haplotype affinities resolve a major component of goat (<i>Capra hircus</i>) MtDNA D-loop diversity and reveal specific features of the Sardinian stock

Goat mtDNA haplogroup A is a poorly resolved lineage absorbing most of the overall diversity and is found in locations as distant as Eastern Asia and Southern Africa. Its phylogenetic dissection would cast light on an important portion of the spread of goat breeding. The aims of this work were 1) to provide an operational definition of meaningful mtDNA units within haplogroup A, 2) to investigate the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of diversity by considering the modes of selection operated by breeders and 3) to identify the peculiarities of Sardinian mtDNA types. We sequenced the mtDNA D-loop in a large sample of animals (1,591) which represents a non-trivial quota of the entire goat population of Sardinia. We found that Sardinia mirrors a large quota of mtDNA diversity of Western Eurasia in the number of variable sites, their mutational pattern and allele frequency. By using Bayesian analysis, a distance-based tree and a network analysis, we recognized demographically coherent groups of sequences identified by particular subsets of the variable positions. The results showed that this assignment system could be reproduced in other studies, capturing the greatest part of haplotype diversity. We identified haplotype groups overrepresented in Sardinian goats as a result of founder effects. We found that breeders maintain diversity of matrilines most likely through equalization of the reproductive potential. Moreover, the relevant amount of inter-farm mtDNA diversity found does not increase proportionally with distance. Our results illustrate the effects of breeding practices on the composition of maternal gene pool and identify mtDNA types that may be considered in projects aimed at retrieving the maternal component of the oldest breeds of Sardinia.</br

Haplotype Affinities Resolve a Major Component of Goat (Capra hircus) MtDNA D-Loop Diversity and Reveal Specific Features of the Sardinian Stock

Goat mtDNA haplogroup A is a poorly resolved lineage absorbing most of the overall diversity and is found in locations as distant as Eastern Asia and Southern Africa. Its phylogenetic dissection would cast light on an important portion of the spread of goat breeding. The aims of this work were 1) to provide an operational definition of meaningful mtDNA units within haplogroup A, 2) to investigate the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of diversity by considering the modes of selection operated by breeders and 3) to identify the peculiarities of Sardinian mtDNA types. We sequenced the mtDNA D-loop in a large sample of animals (1,591) which represents a non-trivial quota of the entire goat population of Sardinia. We found that Sardinia mirrors a large quota of mtDNA diversity of Western Eurasia in the number of variable sites, their mutational pattern and allele frequency. By using Bayesian analysis, a distance-based tree and a network analysis, we recognized demographically coherent groups of sequences identified by particular subsets of the variable positions. The results showed that this assignment system could be reproduced in other studies, capturing the greatest part of haplotype diversity

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: Proposal for a New Dimension in Counsellor Education

To survive in rapidly changing schools and human service organizations, counsellors must not only be competent clinicians, they must also be able to respond to a variety of informal work expectations. Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) is introduced from the organizational behaviour literature as a factor that contributes to the performance ratings of counsellors. Models of OCB are described and factors that encourage OCB are reviewed. A methodology for integrating OCB sensitization training into counsellor education programs is suggested as a means to prepare counselling interns for success as professional colleagues and employees.Pour survivre dans les milieux en constante évolution des écoles et des services sociaux, il ne suffit plus pour les conseillers d'être des cliniciens compétents. Ils doivent également être en mesure de répondre à des attentes diverses non structurées concernant le travail. Le comportement Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) [Comportement organisationnel et civique] provient de la documentation sur le comportement organisationnel et est présenté comme un facteur contribuant aux évaluations d'efficacité des conseillers. Cet article décrit des modèles de l' OCB de même qu'il étudie les facteurs encourageant le comportement OCB. Il suggère également une méthodologie pour intégrer aux programmes d'éducation en counseling, une formation de sensibilisation à l' OCB, ceci afin de former avec succès les futurs collègues et employés professionnels qui sont les stagiaires en counseling

Analysis of MOlecular VAriance after partitioning according to different criteria.

<p>Analysis of MOlecular VAriance after partitioning according to different criteria.</p

Histograms of four summary statistics for DNA diversity from 120 goat breeding stations.

<p>Black arrows point to the value obtained in the overall dataset. In the Tajima's D histogram, significant (nominal p<0.05) values are marked with an asterisk and a normal QQ plot is shown in the inset.</p

Composition of the sample of individuals yielding the set of mtDNA sequences used in all analyses, by provenance and breed.

<p>Composition of the sample of individuals yielding the set of mtDNA sequences used in all analyses, by provenance and breed.</p

Map of Sardinia showing the 34 municipalities (dotted) where sampling was performed.

<p>In the background all municipalities are shaded according to the overall number of goats recorded <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030785#pone.0030785-ISTAT1" target="_blank">[23]</a>, as reported in the left panel (map obtained at <a href="http://www.sar.sardegna.it/servizi/sit/datitematici.asp?wgs=1" target="_blank">http://www.sar.sardegna.it/servizi/sit/datitematici.asp?wgs=1</a>). Sampled municipalities in 5 Sardinian sub regions are shown with the following color codes: Ogliastra-red, Sarrabus-blue, Gerrei-yellow, Iglesiente-purple and Sulcis-green. Detailed names and n. of breeding stations sampled are reported in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030785#pone.0030785.s005" target="_blank">Table S1</a>.</p