Relaciones entre la lectura de textos de opinión y el desarrollo de la inferencia en estudiantes del grado décimo de las Instituciones Educativas Las Nieves y Jesús María Valle Jaramillo

En este informe se da cuenta de la investigación denominada Relaciones entre la lectura de textos de opinión y el desarrollo de la inferencia en estudiantes del grado décimo de las Instituciones Educativas Las Nieves -IELN- y Jesús María Valle Jaramillo -JMVJ- de la Ciudad de Medellín. La intención de este estudio fue identificar el nivel para el desarrollo de la inferencia en un grupo experimental de la IELN comparado con un grupo control de la IEJMVJ a partir del uso de secuencias didácticas aplicando el texto de opinión, tomando como diagnóstico los resultados en las pruebas SABER 9° emitidas por el Índice Sintético de Calidad en Educación (ISCE) 2016. Al revisarlas se confirmó que, la competencia lectora en ambas instituciones estaba en desempeño bajo, lo que se complementó con lo vivido en el aula, preguntan una y otra vez qué hay que hacer cuando se ha impartido la orientación varias veces y de distinta manera, o al pedirles anticipar alguna parte de lectura y escasamente repiten literalmente las primeras líneas del texto que leen. Como esta situación es común a los estudiantes de 10º en ambas instituciones, con la intención de superar esa dificultad, se diseñaron y aplicaron secuencias didácticas tomando el texto de opinión como lectura base.In this paper is reported the research called Relationships between the reading of opinion texts and the development of inference in tenth grade students from Las Nieves Educational Institutions -IELN- and Jesús María Valle Jaramillo -JMVJ- in the City of Medellin. The intention of this study was to recognize the development of inference in an experimental group in the IELN compared with a control group in the IEJMVJ from the use of didactic sequences by applying the opinion essay, taking as a diagnosis the results students got in the test Saber 9° issued by the Synthetic Index of Quality in Education (ISCE) 2016. When reviewing them, a low level of inferential reading performance was confirmed in students, which was complemented with what was experienced in the classroom when students asked again and again what they are supposed to do when the orientation has been given several times and in different ways, or when they are asked to anticipate some part of a reading and they scarcely repeat literally the first lines of the text they read. As this situation is common to 10th grade students in both institutions, to overcome this difficulty, some didactic sequences were designed and applied, taking the opinion essay as base reading.Magíster en EducaciónMaestrí

Identificación de las causas que generaron el accidente de trabajo leve ocurrido en la banda transportadora de la empresa Macinc

La actual investigación se orienta en el accidente de trabajo que ocurre en la realización de un mantenimiento por atasco en la empresa Macinc, donde uno de los empleados encargados se accidenta. Inicialmente se indaga acerca del sector económico de servicios al que pertenece esta actividad de mantenimiento, se relata el caso presentado a profundidad en el planteamiento del problema con el fin de identificar las causas de la ocurrencia del accidente, ya que este es el objetivo que se tiene para el proyecto. Se justifica él porque es importante investigar acerca del tema, y luego se relacionan las teorías de autores y legislación relacionadas con la temática expuesta, para obtener un mayor panorama en cuanto a la investigación. En la segunda fase del proyecto se despliega la metodología de la investigación, donde se describe y justifica el tipo, método y enfoque del proyecto, se relacionan las fases de investigación. Se realiza el análisis mediante la descripción sociodemográfica, junto con esto se relaciona la muestra de la población a intervenir. Se plasman los criterios de inclusión y exclusión necesarios para la presente, se dan a conocer las herramientas de recolección de datos empleadas y se describen los aspectos éticos. En la tercera fase se presentan los resultados obtenidos luego de aplicación de la establecida herramienta para la recolección de datos, en las conclusiones se dar respuesta a los objetivos mediante el análisis de los resultados y de acuerdo a esto se dictan las recomendaciones necesarias para el empleador

Infrared based saliva screening test for COVID-19

Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has resulted in an unprecedented need for diagnostic testing that is critical in controlling the spread of COVID-19. We propose a portable infrared spectrometer with purpose-built transflection accessory for rapid point-of-care detection of COVID-19 markers in saliva. Initially, purified virion particles were characterized with Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron infrared (IR) and AFM-IR. A data set comprising 171 transflection infrared spectra from 29 patients testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-qPCR and 28 testing negative, was modeled using Monte Carlo Double Cross Validation with 50 randomized test and model sets. The testing sensitivity was 93 % (27/29) with a specificity of 82 % (23/28) that included positive samples on the limit of detection for RT-qPCR. Here, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept high throughput infrared COVID-19 test that is rapid, inexpensive, portable and utilizes sample self-collection thus minimizing the risk to healthcare workers and ideally suited to mass screening

Diseño de un sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica por evento centinela en dermatosis ocupacional

ABSTRACT: In occupational health it has been looked for to prioritize the preventive actions, to improve the system of information. To identify and to strengthen the notification of the illnesses related with the work, as well as to achieve a better understanding of the illnesses of occupational origin that affect the worker, especially on the part of the administrating of professional risks, the companies and the workers. In the Administration of Professional Risks Sectional Seguro Social Antioquia (ARP-SS), it was designed and tested a system of epidemic surveillance of occupational dermatosis for event sentry, which starts out from identifying the magnitude of the problem and the evaluation of the existent conditions for the occupational epidemic surveillance. The theoretical and practical approaches are settled down with regard to the handling of the information and the intervention, for the operation of the system of epidemic surveillance for event sentry, including the pilot test main results. The proposed system of surveillance promotes the articulation of the actions of surveillance between the lenders of services of health and the administrators of the attention, including the administrating of professional risks that facilitates the detection and opportune attention of the cases of dermatosis of occupational origin.RESUMEN: En salud ocupacional, especialmente por parte de las administradoras de riesgos profesionales, de las empresas y de los trabajadores, se han buscado priorizar las acciones preventivas, mejorar el sistema de información, identificar y fortalecer la notificación de las enfermedades relacionadas con el trabajo, así como lograr mejor comprensión de las enfermedades de origen ocupacional que afectan al trabajador. En la Administradora de Riesgos Profesionales Seguro Social Seccional de Antioquia (ARP-SS), se diseño y probo un sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica de dermatosis ocupacional por evento centinela, el cual parte de la identificación de la magnitud del problema y la valoración de las condiciones existentes para la vigilancia epidemiológica ocupacional. En este artículo se establecen los criterios teóricos y prácticos con respecto al manejo de la información y la intervención, para el funcionamiento del sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica por evento centinela, incluyendo los principales resultados de la prueba piloto. El sistema de vigilancia propuesto, promueve la articulación de las acciones de vigilancia entre los prestadores de servicios de salud y los administradores de la atención, incluyendo la administradora de riesgos profesionales, que facilite la detección y atención oportuna de los casos de dermatosis de origen ocupacional

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Characterisation of Neutralising and Functional Antibody Responses to Different HIV-1 Env Vaccines in Bovines

© 2020 Natalia Andrea Salazar QuirozTwo main challenges have impeded the development of an effective HIV-1 envelope (Env) vaccine, with antibodies eliciting neutralisation of virions as well as Fc-effector functions, such as antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC), phagocytosis (ADP) or complement deposition (ADCD). On one hand, designing the right Env vaccine to elicit humoral or cellular protection has been challenging and, to date, SOSIP-Env trimers which are covalently constrained in the closed, pre-fusion conformation are the best vaccine candidate over uncleaved (Unc), open-structured trimers. On the other hand, eliciting heterologous neutralising antibodies in several animal models (including humans) has been difficult. Cows nevertheless produce unique antibodies with long CDRH3 regions, capable of accessing neutralising epitopes beneath the glycan shield, inaccessible for other animals. We tested how differences in clade and/or structure of HIV-1 Env vaccines affect the neutralising activity and Fc-effector functions of antibodies elicited, using recombinant trimers of clades A (KNH1,BG505), B (AD8, PSC89) and C (MW), which exposed either an open structure (Unc gp140) or a closed structure (SOSIP gp140). KNH1/BG505 SOSIP gp140 vaccine elicited the best neutralising IgGs against heterologous tier-2 pseudoviruses with high potency and breadth. While AD8 Unc gp140 also induced neutralisation, it was against only tier-1 pseudoviruses. Nevertheless, it was the only vaccine able to elicit IgGs that engaged CD32 (FcgRIIa), induced phagocytosis and complement-activation. The different antibody profile observed with both vaccines was explained by the Env immunogen structure, as KNH1/BG505 SOSIP gp140 induced mostly IgGs targeting the V1/V2 loop, whereas AD8 Unc gp140 induced antibodies targeting CD4-binding site and CD4-induced epitopes. In addition, analysis of IgG repertoires from animals of KNH1/BG505 SOSIP 100 and AD8 Unc 500 groups showed that KNH1/BG505 SOSIP gp140 induced higher rates of somatic hypermutation in germline genes compared to AD8 Unc gp140, with each animal presenting a unique antibody profile, and with germline antibodies already presenting high affinity towards HIV-1 Env trimers, as high levels of affinity maturation were not required to obtain antibodies with high neutralising activity. Overall, the results in this work show that open structured trimers elicit antibodies which highly activate antibody-effector functions, while SOSIP trimers focus antibody responses to concealed neutralising epitopes. The high neutralising responses observed in bovines against HIV-1 Env are due to antibodies which do not need high levels of somatic hypermutations and, in particular for KNH1/BG505 SOSIP, this antigen induced high levels of affinity maturation, probably favouring the improvement of both binding and neutralisation. Our study suggests that an effective vaccine regimen may include both uncleaved gp140 and SOSIP gp140, in order to target epitopes required for antibody-dependent effector functions as well as neutralisation, or a new trimeric structure with flexibility in the gp120-gp41 interface, exposing both epitopes involved in Fc-effector functions as well as neutralising ones

Exploiting a rodent cell block for intrinsic resistance to HIV-1 gene expression in human T cells

ABSTRACT HIV-1 virion production is inefficient in cells derived from mice and other rodents reflecting cell-intrinsic defects to interactions between the HIV-1 auxiliary proteins Tat and Rev and host dependency factors CCNT1 (Cyclin T1) and XPO1 (exportin-1, also known as CRM1), respectively. In human cells, Tat binds CCNT1 to enhance viral RNA transcription and Rev recruits XPO1 to mediate the nuclear export of intron-containing viral RNA. In mouse cells, Tat’s interactions with CCNT1 are inefficient, mapped to a single species-specific residue Y261 instead of C261 in humans. Rev interacts poorly with murine XPO1, mapped to a trio of amino acids T411/V412/S414 instead of P411/M412/F414 in humans. To determine if these discrete species-specific regions of otherwise conserved housekeeping proteins represent viable targets for inhibiting HIV-1 replication in humans, herein, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 to recode the relevant regions of CCNT1 and XPO1 in human CD4+ T cells. While efforts to modify XPO1 were inconclusive, we generated isogenic CCNT1.C261Y cell lines exhibiting remarkable resistance to HIV-1 Tat, exhibiting near total inactivation of viral gene expression for all X4- and R5-tropic HIV-1 strains tested, as well as the more distantly related primate lentiviruses HIV-2 and SIVagm. Induction of viral reactivation using latency reversal agents (LRAs) was also restricted in CCNT1.C261Y cells. These studies validate a minor and naturally occurring, species-specific difference in a conserved human host factor as a compelling potential target for achieving broad-acting cell-intrinsic resistance to HIV’s post-integration phases. Importance Unlike humans, mice are unable to support HIV-1 infection. This is due, in part, to a constellation of defined minor, species-specific differences in conserved host proteins needed for viral gene expression. Here, we used precision CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to engineer a “mousified” version of one such host protein, cyclin T1 (CCNT1), in human T cells. CCNT1 is essential for efficient HIV-1 transcription, making it an intriguing target for gene-based inactivation of virus replication. We show that isogenic cell lines engineered to encode CCNT1 bearing a single mouse-informed amino acid change (tyrosine in place of cysteine at position 261) exhibit potent, durable, and broad-spectrum resistance to HIV-1 and other pathogenic lentiviruses, and with no discernible impact on host cell biology. These results provide proof of concept for targeting CCNT1 in the context of one or more functional HIV-1 cure strategies