Molecular modeling and in silico characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis TlyA : Possible misannotation of this tubercle bacilli-hemolysin

Background: The TlyA protein has a controversial function as a virulence factor in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). At present, its dual activity as hemolysin and RNA methyltransferase in M. tuberculosis has been indirectly proposed based on in vitro results. There is no evidence however for TlyA relevance in the survival of tubercle bacilli inside host cells or whether both activities are functionally linked. A thorough analysis of structure prediction for this mycobacterial protein in this study shows the need for reevaluating TlyA's function in virulence. Results: Bioinformatics analysis of TlyA identified a ribosomal protein binding domain (S4 domain), located between residues 5 and 68 as well as an FtsJ-like methyltranferase domain encompassing residues 62 and 247, all of which have been previously described in translation machinery-associated proteins. Subcellular localization prediction showed that TlyA lacks a signal peptide and its hydrophobicity profile showed no evidence of transmembrane helices. These findings suggested that it may not be attached to the membrane, which is consistent with a cytoplasmic localization. Three-dimensional modeling of TlyA showed a consensus structure, having a common core formed by a six-stranded β-sheet between two α-helix layers, which is consistent with an RNA methyltransferase structure. Phylogenetic analyses showed high conservation of the tlyA gene among Mycobacterium species. Additionally, the nucleotide substitution rates suggested purifying selection during tlyA gene evolution and the absence of a common ancestor between TlyA proteins and bacterial pore-forming proteins. Conclusion: Altogether, our manual in silico curation suggested that TlyA is involved in ribosomal biogenesis and that there is a functional annotation error regarding this protein family in several microbial and plant genomes, including the M. tuberculosis genome. © 2011 Arenas et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Molecular modeling and in silico characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis TlyA: Possible misannotation of this tubercle bacilli-hemolysin

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The TlyA protein has a controversial function as a virulence factor in <it>Mycobacterium tuberculosis </it>(<it>M. tuberculosis</it>). At present, its dual activity as hemolysin and RNA methyltransferase in <it>M. tuberculosis </it>has been indirectly proposed based on <it>in vitro </it>results. There is no evidence however for TlyA relevance in the survival of tubercle bacilli inside host cells or whether both activities are functionally linked. A thorough analysis of structure prediction for this mycobacterial protein in this study shows the need for reevaluating TlyA's function in virulence.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Bioinformatics analysis of TlyA identified a ribosomal protein binding domain (S4 domain), located between residues 5 and 68 as well as an FtsJ-like methyltranferase domain encompassing residues 62 and 247, all of which have been previously described in translation machinery-associated proteins. Subcellular localization prediction showed that TlyA lacks a signal peptide and its hydrophobicity profile showed no evidence of transmembrane helices. These findings suggested that it may not be attached to the membrane, which is consistent with a cytoplasmic localization. Three-dimensional modeling of TlyA showed a consensus structure, having a common core formed by a six-stranded β-sheet between two α-helix layers, which is consistent with an RNA methyltransferase structure. Phylogenetic analyses showed high conservation of the <it>tlyA </it>gene among <it>Mycobacterium </it>species. Additionally, the nucleotide substitution rates suggested purifying selection during <it>tlyA </it>gene evolution and the absence of a common ancestor between TlyA proteins and bacterial pore-forming proteins.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Altogether, our manual <it>in silico </it>curation suggested that TlyA is involved in ribosomal biogenesis and that there is a functional annotation error regarding this protein family in several microbial and plant genomes, including the <it>M. tuberculosis </it>genome.</p

EVALUACIÓN DE LA CONFIABILIDAD DE LA INFORMACIÓN SANITARIA EN ESPAÑOL SOBRE LA COVID-19 EN GOOGLE

Objectives: To evaluate the reliability of health information in Spanish on COVID-19 in Google, considering the criteria of the HONcode tool. Materials and methods: Observational cross-sectional study. Google web pages were obtained in December 2020 using 4 search terms. The reliability of the health information of the web pages was evaluated using the HONcode tool (version 3.1.3). Also, they were classified according to the source of information and procedence; the statistical analysis was performed considering as significant value for p&lt;0,05. Results: 200 web pages in Spanish were evaluated, 16,5% had the HONcode certificate; belonging, in majority, to the WHO website (33,3%). The main source of information was "academic-professional" (30,0%). Regarding the origin, 33,0% of the web pages were Peruvian, mostly from governmental source (42,4%), but none had the HONcode certificate. HONcode certificate for the web pages were found for all search terms; however, the association was not statistically significant (p=0,876). The first page of results in Google was more likely (32,5%) to contain HONcode certified web pages (p=0,012). Conclusion: At least one of six websites provided reliable health information about COVID-19. Moreover, the presence of WHO websites in providing COVID-19 health information on Google is distinguished. Whereas this study highlights the websites of international organizations, it is necessary to strengthen communication from Peruvian government websites.Objetivo: Evaluar la confiabilidad de la información sanitaria en español sobre la COVID-19 en el motor de búsqueda Google considerando los criterios de la herramienta HONcode. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional de corte transversal. Las páginas web de Google se obtuvieron en diciembre del 2020 utilizando 4 términos de búsqueda. Se evaluó la confiabilidad de la información sanitaria de las páginas web mediante la herramienta HONcode (versión 3.1.3). También, se clasificaron según la fuente de información y su procedencia. El análisis estadístico se realizó para un nivel de significancia de p&lt;0,05. Resultados: Se evaluaron 200 páginas web en español, el 16,5% poseían el certificado HONcode siendo en su mayoría del sitio web de la OMS (33,3%). La principal fuente de información fue “académica-profesional” (30,0%). En cuanto a la procedencia, el 33,0% de las páginas web eran peruanas, siendo en su mayoría de tipo gubernamental (42,4%), pero ninguna con certificado HONcode. Se hallaron páginas web con certificado HONcode para todos los términos de búsqueda; sin embargo, la asociación no fue estadísticamente significativa (p=0,876). La primera página de resultados en Google tenía más probabilidad (32,5%) de contener páginas web con certificado HONcode (p=0,012). Conclusión: Solo una de cada seis páginas web proporcionaba información sanitaria confiable sobre la COVID-19. Además, se distingue la presencia de las páginas web de la OMS en proveer información sanitaria sobre la COVID-19 en Google. Si bien este estudio destaca las páginas web de organismos internacionales, se requiere fortalecer la comunicación desde las páginas web gubernamentales peruanas

Perception, prevalence and factors associated to school bullying in young people from a population affiliated in a colombian health subsidized insurance company in 2018.

Describe the perception from young people about bullying, the prevalence of this event and explore the factors associated with being a victim. A retrospective cohort (2014-2018) was followed by a health insurer company of the subsidized regime in Colombia. The study sample consisted of 35,214 young people aged 10-24 years living in 21 municipalities of the Colombian Caribbean region. Means and standard deviation were expressed for continuous variables and frequencies for categorical variables. For the associated factors, a logistic model was estimated using as explanatory variables, sex, housing area, age range, family functionality, disability of the young person, disability of a family member and variables of psychological perception. 63.6% of young people answered that they have knowledge about what school bullying is, noting that as the schooling of the young person increases, the higher the proportion of positive response. The physical or verbal school bullying rate was 94 young people per 1,000. It was found that factors such as the youth feeling useless and guilty (OR = 3.14, p = 0.000), attending psychological counseling (OR = 1.78, p = 0.000), repeating years (OR = 1.49, p = 0.000), that the young person has a disability (OR = 1.33, p = 0.004), or a family member has a disability (OR = 1.27, p = 0.000), is associated with being a victim of bullying. Likewise, it was found that belonging to a highly functional family environment (OR = 0.57, p = 0.000) is a protective factor. School bullying is an event that needs attention and requires supervision of all those around young people, in order to avoid changes in behavior or suicide. Therefore, health systems must offer comprehensive care to prevent mental health risks related to bullying given their relationship with the presence of disability of the young person or a relativ

Sexual behavior, use of contraceptive methods and pregnancy in young people from a population affiliated in a health insurer company in Colombia 2018

Describe the average age of sexual life onset from young people and adolescents, the prevalence of contraceptive methods and explore determinants of pregnancy. A retrospective cohort (2014-2018) was followed by a health insurer of the subsidized regime in Colombia. The study sample consisted of 35,214 young people aged 10-24 years living in 21 municipalities of the Colombian Caribbean region. For the social determinants of pregnancy, a multivariate probit model was estimated using as explanatory variables, housing area, education, family functionality and sexual behavior. 10.3% of women and 14.1% of men had their first sexual encounter before age 14 and 43.5% of women and 37.4% of men began their sex life after age 17. From the young people who claimed to have started their sexual life, 70.9% of the men made use of the condom as a contraceptive method, while the women divided on average 27.2% for the pills and / or injections followed by 16 , 1% in the use of the subdermal implant. As determinants of pregnancy in young people under 20, it was found that variables such as suspending school years [Yes (β = 0.6, p = 0.006)], being planned with hormonal method [Yes (β = 0.5, p = 0.000)] or start sexual life [Between 10 to 14 years (β = 0.14, p = 0.000)], increase the likelihood of young women becoming pregnant at some time in their life. These results also showed that the schooling of the young [University (β = -0.4, p = 0.038)] and always use condoms in sexual intercourse [Yes (β = -0.5, p = 0.042)] help prevent the pregnancy event from occurring. The age of sexual onset establishes a basis on which decision makers should intervene for promote a safe sex life, from use of anticonceptives in young people and thus avoiding unplanned pregnancy

Formulación de producto con potencial agroindustrial a base de cidra Sechium edule (Jacq) Swartz

La Asociación de Mujeres Multiétnicas(Asmufare) luego de un proceso de desplazamiento forzoso llegaron a habitar un territorio en la ciudad de Armenia, buscando reconstruir su cultura campesina. Actualmente cultivan y procesan cidra Sechium edule entre otros productos tradicionales. La cidra Sechium edule en Colombia es una materia prima con poco uso industrial y poco consumo doméstico, a pesar de tener gran potencial nutricional y funcional debido al potencial de protección de enfermedades; la cual puede ser empleada como materia prima para la formulación de una galleta para personas con celiaquía. El objetivo de esta investigación fue formular una galleta tipo colación a base de cidra Sechium edule como alternativa de negocio para la asociación de mujeres Asmufare, a partir de la caracterización y análisis de mercado del producto. Se realizó la formulación de la galleta, se caracterizó físico-químicamente teniendo en cuenta la normatividad y un análisis de mercado del producto. Se logró formular un producto de galletería tipo colación a base de harina y almidón de cidra Sechium edule, con adición de arroz Oryza sativa, para satisfacer las necesidades de la población con celiaquía; el cual cumple con los estándares de clasificación para este tipo de producto, siendo una alternativa para la población fitness, donde se obtuvo una aceptación del 87% de preferencia del consumidor potencial, con un posible precio de venta al público de $1.544,63 que se ajusta a las expectativas de estos consumidores; logrando vincularse como potencial producto para su venta por parte de la asociación Asmufare

Evaluación de la Calidad de la Atención Prestada al Paciente Crónicamente Incapacitado en un Centro de Salud

ResumenEl objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar la calidad de la atención prestada a pacientes crónicamente incapacitados desde un Centro de Salud.Se realiza una evaluación en dos etapas (ambas de un año): la correspondiente al primer año (4 criterios, 142 pacientes) y una reevaluación en el segundo año (10 criterios, 203 pacientes). Se utilizan criterios explícitos y normativos sobre aspectos básicos del proceso asistencial.Se obtienen, entre otros, los siguientes resultados: realización de exploración anual: 62% y 70% respectivamente, actualización de la Hoja de Problemas 65 y 53%, plan de actuación de enfermería 61 y 62% y cumplimiento de este plan 57 y 68%.Detectamos la necesidad de mejorar la calidad de la atención prestada a este grupo de pacientes.SummaryThis study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the handicapped care quality in a Primary Health Care Centre.This was a two phase evaluation (both of a year): first evaluation with 4 quality indicators and 142 patients; and the reevaluation with 10 quality indicators and 203 patients. We used explicits and normatives indicators of basic medical care procedure.The main carried out results were: annual medical exploration 62% (evaluation) and 70% (reevaluation), bringing up to date problems paper 65% and 53%, to plan nurses activities 61% and 62%, and carring out nurses activities 57% and 68%.We detected we have to improve these patients medical care quality