Linear Codes Defined From Higher -Dimensional Varieties.

We establish an algebraic foundation to complement the improved geometric codes of Feng and Rao. Viewing linear codes as affine variety codes, we utilize the Feng-Rao minimum distance bound to construct codes with relatively large dimensions. We examine higher-dimensional affine hypersurfaces with properties similar to those of Hermitian curves. We determine a Grobner basis for the ideal of the variety of rational points on certain affine Fermat varieties. This result is applied to determine parameters of codes defined from Fermat surfaces

La delimitación jurídica de las figuras del deudor y codeudor y la seguridad jurídica en las entidades financieras de la ciudad de Huancayo - 2018

La investigación partió del Problema: ¿En qué medida la delimitación jurídica de las figuras del deudor y codeudor incidirá en la seguridad jurídica en las entidades financieras de la ciudad de Huancayo - 2018?; siendo el Objetivo: Establecer en qué medida la delimitación jurídica de las figuras del deudor y codeudor incidirá en la seguridad jurídica en las entidades financieras de la ciudad de Huancayo - 2018; La Investigación fue del Tipo Básico; en el Nivel explicativo; se utilizó para contrastar la Hipótesis, los Métodos: Inductivo-deductivo y Analítico-Sintético; así mismo Métodos Particulares como Exegético y Sistemático. Con un Diseño No experimental transaccional, con una sola muestra y un Tipo de Muestreo Probabilístico Simple. Para la Recolección de Información se utilizó encuestas y análisis documental; llegándose a la conclusión de que la existencia de la figura del “codeudor” en nuestra legislación resulta redundante y no se encuentra alineado y concordado a la realidad financiera, aún más cuando su misma conceptualización ha resultado redundante puesto qué se encuentra incluido en la categoría del deudor y resulta confuso dejando vacíos que se interpretan como parte de una relación jurídica de garantía cuándo pertenece a una relación jurídica obligacional, por lo tanto la delimitación jurídica de las figuras del deudor y codeudor realizado en la presente investigación coadyuva a la seguridad jurídica en las entidades financieras de la ciudad de Huancayo.Tesi

Soil organic carbon cycling in a long-term agricultural experiment,Switzerland

Soils are one of the largest organic carbon pools and changes in the carbon release from soils has considerable impact on the composition of atmospheric CO2. Alongside the accelerated carbon release from soils by anthro-pogenic warming (Crowther et al., 2016), agricultural use strongly affects soil organic carbon (SOC) (Johnstonet al., 2009). Conversion from conventional to organic farming has been suggested a valuable contribution to sequester SOC providing a great mitigation potential within agricultural practices (Smith et al., 2008).Here we present SOC contents and 14C activity under two different farming practices in the long-termagricultural DOK trial at Therwil, Switzerland (Mäder et al., 2002). In this long-lasting agricultural experiment, we compare biodynamic farming (biodyn), which receives manure and biodynamic preparations, with conventional farming (conmin), which receives only mineral fertilizers. We analyzed functional SOC fractions from both farming practices for SOC concentration and radiocarbon (∆14C) in two soil layers (0-20 cm and 20-50 cm).Three SOC fractions were obtained by density and particle size fractionation: particular organic matter (POM,labile pool), mineral-associated organic matter 20μm (MOM >20μm, labile pool).Our results clearly show higher SOC concentrations for biodyn compared to conmin in all SOC fractions in the upper soil layer (0-20 cm). In the subsoil (20-50 cm) we found a negligible influence of farming practices with depth. High ∆14C values in the POM and >20μm fraction indicated that they are a more labile and fastcycling carbon pool, whereas lower∆14C values in the 20μm fraction, with higher ∆14C values in the biodyn system suggesting greater input of fresh plant material with a faster turnover

Rephasing Ion Packets in the Orbitrap Mass Analyzer to Improve Resolution and Peak Shape

A method is described to improve resolution and peak shape in the Orbitrap under certain experimental conditions. In these experiments, an asymmetric anharmonic axial potential was first produced in the Orbitrap by detuning the voltage on the compensator electrode, which results in broad and multiply split mass spectral peaks. An AC waveform applied to the outer electrode, 180° out of phase with ion axial motion and resonant with the frequency of ion axial motion, caused ions of a given m/z to be de-excited to the equator (z = 0) and then immediately re-excited. This process, termed “rephasing,” leaves the ion packet with a narrower axial spatial extent and frequency distribution. For example, when the Orbitrap axial potential is thus anharmonically de-tuned, a resolution of 124,000 to 171,000 is obtained, a 2- to 3-fold improvement over the resolution of 40,000 to 60,000 without rephasing, at 10 ng/μL reserpine concentration. Such a rephasing capability may ultimately prove useful in implementing tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in the Orbitrap, bringing the Orbitrap\u27s high mass accuracy and resolution to bear on both the precursor and product ions in the same MS/MS scan and making available the collision energy regime of the Orbitrap, ∼1500 eV

Rephasing Ion Packets in the Orbitrap Mass Analyzer to Improve Resolution and Peak Shape

A method is described to improve resolution and peak shape in the Orbitrap under certain experimental conditions. In these experiments, an asymmetric anharmonic axial potential was first produced in the Orbitrap by detuning the voltage on the compensator electrode, which results in broad and multiply split mass spectral peaks. An AC waveform applied to the outer electrode, 180° out of phase with ion axial motion and resonant with the frequency of ion axial motion, caused ions of a given m/z to be de-excited to the equator (z = 0) and then immediately re-excited. This process, termed “rephasing,” leaves the ion packet with a narrower axial spatial extent and frequency distribution. For example, when the Orbitrap axial potential is thus anharmonically de-tuned, a resolution of 124,000 to 171,000 is obtained, a 2- to 3-fold improvement over the resolution of 40,000 to 60,000 without rephasing, at 10 ng/μL reserpine concentration. Such a rephasing capability may ultimately prove useful in implementing tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in the Orbitrap, bringing the Orbitrap\u27s high mass accuracy and resolution to bear on both the precursor and product ions in the same MS/MS scan and making available the collision energy regime of the Orbitrap, ∼1500 eV

Late Holocene climate changes in the Altai Region based on a first high‐resolution biomarker isotope record from Lake Khar Nuur

The Late Holocene marks a substantial cultural and economic transition in the eastern Eurasian Steppe and Altai Region with the dispersal of nomadic pastoralism. So far, paleoclimate conditions during this time remain unclear and controversial. Here, we present a high-resolution 4.2 ka paleoclimate record from Lake Khar Nuur in the Mongolian Altai that is based on lake sediment proxies and biomarker compound-specific δ2H analyses. Our results document increased aridity before ∼3.7 cal. ka BP, followed by two pronounced phases of warm and wet conditions from ∼3.5–2.8 to ∼2.3–1.5 cal. ka BP, and a strong increase in aridity since ∼1.5 cal. ka BP. Phases of warmer and wetter conditions coincide with a negative North Atlantic Oscillation, which has been responsible for advecting moisture into the region by more southerly-displaced Westerlies and possibly favored the expansion of mobile nomadic pastoralism in the region

Aves del departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia: conocimiento, nuevos registros y vacíos de información

The department of Cundinamarca in Colombia is an area with diverse geographic and ecosystemic characteristics, a condition that makes it one of the regions in the country with highest diversity of birds. This study updates the list of birds in the department, as well as identifies changes in composition and gaps of information, through the recopilation of field data developed by the authors from 1990 to 2015, revision of different papers and databases, and consultation of experienced birdwatchers in the region.We found 941 records of bird species, of which 24 are endemic, 72 near endemic, 1 extinct, 39 nationally threatened, 101 migratory, and 45 present local and/or altitudinal migration. Of the total number of records, 701 correspond to the authors in 45 localities (48 are new records for the department). We note that there are gaps of information in departmental boundaries, especially in the region of the Magdalena River valley and Llanos Orientales. However, regions that have been more extensively sampled are not fully inventoried since new species for science are still being found.El departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia, constituye un territorio con variedad de condiciones geográficas y ecosistémicas que hacen de este una de las regiones con mayor diversidad de aves en el país. Se actualizó el listado de aves y se determinaron los cambios en la composición, así como los vacíos de información. Se recopilaron los datos de campo de los autores entre 1990 y 2015, se revisó la literatura y las bases de datos y se consultaron observadores de aves expertos en la región. Fueron registradas 941 especies de las cuales 24 son endémicas, 72 casi endémicas, 1 especie extinta, 39 amenazadas a nivel nacional, 101 migratorias y 45 con migración local o altitudinal. En total, 701 especies fueron registradas por los autores en 45 localidades (48 registros nuevos para el departamento). Se concluye que existen vacíos de información en los límites departamentales, especialmente hacia la región del río Magdalena y los Llanos Orientales. Sin embargo, regiones donde existe mayor muestreo no se encuentran inventariadas en su totalidad, ya que en estas zonas se siguen encontrando nuevas especies de importancia para la ciencia

Aves del departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia: conocimiento, nuevos registros y vacíos de información

El departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia, constituye un territorio con variedad de condiciones geográficas y ecosistémicas que hacen de este una de las regiones con mayor diversidad de aves en el país. Se actualizó el listado de aves y se determinaron los cambios en la composición, así como los vacíos de información. Se recopilaron los datos de campo de los autores entre 1990 y 2015, se revisó la literatura y las bases de datos y se consultaron observadores de aves expertos en la región. Fueron registradas 941 especies de las cuales 24 son endémicas, 72 casi endémicas, 1 especie extinta, 39 amenazadas a nivel nacional, 101 migratorias y 45 con migración local o altitudinal. En total, 701 especies fueron registradas por los autores en 45 localidades (48 registros nuevos para el departamento). Se concluye que existen vacíos de información en los límites departamentales, especialmente hacia la región del río Magdalena y los Llanos Orientales. Sin embargo, regiones donde existe mayor muestreo no se encuentran inventariadas en su totalidad, ya que en estas zonas se siguen encontrando nuevas especies de importancia para la ciencia