Mechanical and Failure Analysis of Multi-Materials Adhesive Joining

The evolvement of joining dissimilar materials using adhesive joining has been vastly improved over the years and has been used in various industries such as medical, automotive and construction. In the automotive industry specifically, the use of multi-materials has proven to improve material properties. However, fewer studies have been done to understand the failure mechanism of multi-material adhesive joining. This study investigates the mechanical failure for lap joints of different materials that have undergone mechanical abrasive treatments and chemical etching, before adhesively joined together. The result showed that sandblasting as surface preparation is very important as it increases the surface roughness of the material, giving a better adhesion bond. Chemical etching also increases the surface roughness minutely and is considered an important step for the purpose of degreasing. Tensile tests were conducted as a destructive test and it was found that mild steel, aluminum, and PVC materials were deemed to be the best choice for multi materials adhesive joining. Multi-material, Failure analysis, Adhesive joining, Automotiv

Design and Development Paper Printout System for Gardu Tol Otomatis (GTO) based on Mechanical Approach

The existence of Gardu Toll Otomatis (GTO), automatic toll payment, becomes a general model for every toll payment in Indonesia. Almost toll payment models in Indonesia have a paper printout as received which is often wasted. This condition happens since not all the driver needs a paper proof of the transaction. Therefore, the wasted paper will occur everywhere for 24 h. Furthermore, in this work the design of printout system using a more efficient printout model with rotation feeding method has developed printout system. In this work, the rotation mechanism system is applied through product design engineering through Industry 4.0. This system is made by removing the printout paper that remains present to the driver who needs it, but not wasted because of the driver who does not need it. There are three important steps as follows; in the first step, the printout paper appears in a special tray which is easy to reach and takes for those who need it. In the second step, the paper will remain in the tray for the driver who did not pick it up and final step, the tray with paper printout will rotate mechanically back into the GTO machine to be destroyed by a paper shredder. The experiment of the paper printout system has been carried out. The results show that the proposed approach produces a better accuracy and efficiency. Experimental results show the testing accuracy of 90 %. The system confirms the effectiveness of the proposed paper printout system for the GTO. Keywords: digital technology; digital transformation; electronic banking; online payment; electronic walle

Conceptualising the Sustainable Energy Security Dimensions of Malaysia: A Thematic Analysis through Stakeholder Engagement to Draw Policy Implications

This study aims to provide established knowledge of the multi-dimensional concept of energy security through engaging stakeholders and experts. Energy security policy implications have been suggested in this study to address and mitigate energy security challenges. A total of seven emerging themes from semi-structured interviews have been discussed in-depth to understand the role of each theme and their interactions with energy policies. There is an urgent need to reduce dependency on fossil fuels and to look for alternative fuel options from renewable sources. At the same time, energy-efficient technology plays a significant role in improving overall efficiency and leading to reduced wastage of energy. This would, in turn, improve the availability and affordability of energy in Malaysia. Energy equity gets the most emphasis in the energy trilemma of Malaysia; however, equal importance should be attached to the nation’s energy security alongside environmental sustainability. The final decision of the trilemma balance and the energy policies that govern the energy use framework depends on the ministries and the regulatory bodies. An indicator mapping process has been recommended for these themes to quantify energy security by developing an energy security index. The thematic results discussed in this study have the potential to facilitate policymakers and energy analysts of countries with similar energy outlooks to design data-driven energy security policies.</jats:p

Green product preferences considering cultural influences: a comparison study between Malaysia and Indonesia

Purpose – There is an increasing awareness among manufacturers to make production more sustainable in Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia. Manufacturers are now urged to not only focus on the business profit but also concern on environment protection by producing green products. However, issues may arise regarding the preferences of customers on green products, which will vary due to the influence of cultural values. This will give an impact on the marketing of green products. The aim of this study is to identify the influence of cultural values on the green products design in Malaysia and Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach – A pretest on the survey instruments was performed to ensure the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. The collected data were statistically analyzed based on the satisfaction level, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Findings – The results showed that customer preferences in Malaysia were mostly influenced by uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation and power distance, excluding collectivism and masculinity. In Indonesia, the dimension of uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation had significant influence, whereas power distance, masculinity and collectivism dimension had no influence. Eco-label was identified as the most important factor for green products in Malaysia and having product services characteristics factor for product lifetime extension in Indonesia. Practical implications – For practices, the cultural values and preferred characteristics identified in this study provide valuable information to policymakers and businesses on what draws customers toward green products in Malaysia and Indonesia. This finding can be used as supported data for the policymakers in order to achieve sustainable development goal (SDGs) in Malaysia and Indonesia. Originality/value – The findings of this study provide valuable information for designers to design products with green characteristics that cater to the consumer market in Malaysia and Indonesia, as well as other countries which may have similar cultural traits

Structural optimisation of random discontinuous fibre composites: Part 2 - case study

This is the second paper in a two part series presenting the development of a stiffness optimisation algorithm to intelligently optimise the fibre architecture of discontinuous fibre composites. A Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) strategy is used to select parameters associated with the fibre architecture, to produce components that satisfy stiffness, cost and mass criteria. The model has been successfully demonstrated using an automotive spare wheel well geometry, which shows that a highly optimised discontinuous fibre composite solution can compete against a continuous fabric counterpart in terms of specific stiffness, whilst presenting an opportunity for significant cost reduction. This could potentially lead to the application of composite materials into new areas where cost has previously been prohibitive

Guidelines for designing green products considering customers’ cultural preferences

The increasing customer awareness of environmental sustainability during the last decade has had an influence on many manufacturers to produce green products. However, issues arise regarding the actual preferences of customers for green products, which often differ depending on cultural influences. Cultural values can affect the decisions of designers to determine detailed design specifications that relate to customer preferences. Currently, few guidelines consider cultural values as an aspect of green product design. Thus, the aim of this study is to develop a guideline that incorporates the influence of cultural values on green product design. Malaysia was selected as the location of this study. The sources of data to establish a guideline were obtained from customer perspectives on green products. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to identify cultural influences and preferences on green product characteristics as the input strategies for the proposed guideline. Professional designers from different profiles were asked to identify the applicability of the guideline. Based on the results, the designers agreed that the influence of cultural values is an important aspect that should be considered in the development of green products. The implication of the guideline is discussed in this paper to accelerate decisions of designers in developing green products. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Development of multi-objective optimization for high recyclability material selection in product design / Novita Sakundarini

This thesis presents the development of a multi-objective optimization for high recyclability material selection in product design. The aim of the research is to build up methodology that aid designers to improve product’s recyclability that meet environmental legislative requirements. The research is motivated by low attention given on the high recyclability material selection in the literature review. There is also lack of study that developing an integrated method of recyclability assessment with material selection in product design specifically during conceptual design stage. The research was conducted in three phases: the survey, exploratory study and the multi objective optimization for high recyclability material selection. The survey was done by distributing an open ended questionnaire to the designers to reveal the current practice of how a designer incorporates environmental issues into product design. The exploratory study was performed by conducting interviews to seek designer’s existing practice specific for design of recycling and to determine what factors that significantly contribute to recyclability. The recyclability assessment using Fuzzy Inference System was employed in the High Recyclability Material Selection optimization model to minimize product’s weight, as well as maximizing its function and recyclability. Results from the survey showed that the awareness among designers in Malaysia to incorporate environmental concerns into the product design process were quite high but not properly implemented because lack of knowledge and management support. Five recyclability factors based on the recyclers’ current practices have been identified from the exploratory study, namely profit, recycling infrastructure, material separation, material combination and joining type. The proposed method may support the product’s recyclability which concurrently done during conceptual design stage. It is also resulted to an optimized set of design configurations that consider lightweight, functionality and recyclability. The report listed the significant factors that mostly influence product’s recyclability in Malaysia. The research also provided a new methodology to assist designers in incorporating recyclability aspect during product design

A Framework of Integrated Recyclability Tools For Automobile Design

Vehicles, specifically automobile, provide essential need to society and the use is continually increasing. However, there were many problem arise at the end of their life, primarily related to their disposal. Automobile is a very complex product that comprise of thousand components made from various materials that need to be treated. In addition, short supply of natural resources has called out for opportunities to either reuse or recycle components. End of Life Vehicle (ELV) Directive launched by European Union mandated that recyclability rate of automobile must reach 85% by 2015. The aim of this legislation is to minimize the impact of end of life vehicle, contributing to prevention, preservation and improvement of environment quality and energy conservation. Vehicle manufacturers and suppliers requested to include these aspects at earlier stages of the development of new vehicles, in order to facilitate the treatment of vehicles at the time when they reach the end of their life. Therefore, the automobile industry has to establish its voluntary action plan for ELVs, and has numerical target to improve ELV recycling rate, reduce automotive shredder residue (ASR) landfill volume, and reduce lead content. Many innovative approaches in improving recyclability have been implemented, but still called out for more intelligent solutions which integrate recyclability evaluation in product development stage. This paper attempts to review some of current innovative approach that used to improve recyclability and introduce a framework for integrated recyclability tool to improve product recyclability throughout its development phase. 

Multi-Objective Optimization For High Recyclability Material Selection Using Genetic Algorithm

Material selection plays an important role in product design. A design demands specific material properties in order to fulfill its functional requirements and to minimize its detrimental impact on the environment. Hence, much effort has been devoted to the recyclability of a product at the end of its life during product design. It is the responsibility of the designers to incorporate recyclability considerations during product design to ensure that a certain level of recyclability is attained at the end of a product’s life as imposed by legislation. The complex relationships between different selection parameters complicate the material selection process. Designers are faced with the challenge of selecting suitable materials that could satisfy cost and functional and environmental performance. Therefore, solving material selection in respect of satisfying product recyclability is an area worthy of investigation. This paper attempts to propose an approach that could facilitate designers to select recyclable materials as well as reducing the complexities in decision making. In this paper, the use of a genetic algorithm is proposed to optimize the multi-objective problem in the selection of recyclable materials. A case study on the automobile’s side mirror is used to demonstrate this approach

A framework of integrated recyclability tools for automobile design

Automobiles are major transportation choice for society around the world. Automotive industries in many countries mostly are one of the drivers of economic growth, job creation and technology advancement. Although automotive industry gives promising return, problem of managing disposal at the end of automotive’s life is quite challenging. Automobile is a very complex product that comprise of thousand components made from various materials that need to be separately treated. In addition, short supply of natural resources has provided opportunities to either reuse, remanufacture or recycle automotive’s components. End of Life Vehicle (ELV) Directive launched by European Union mandated that recyclability rate of automobile must reach 85% by 2015. The aim of this legislation is to minimize the impact of end of life vehicle, contributing to prevention, preservation and improvement of environment quality and energy conservation. Vehicle manufacturers and suppliers requested to include these aspects at earlier stages of the development of new vehicles, in order to facilitate the treatment of vehicles at the time when they reach the end of their life. Therefore, the automobile industry has to establish its voluntary action plan for ELVs, and has numerical target to improve ELV recycling rate, reduce automotive shredder residue (ASR) landfill volume, and reduce lead content. Many innovative approaches in improving recyclability have been implemented, but still called out for more intelligent solutions which integrate recyclability evaluation in product development stage. This paper attempts to review some of current innovative approach that used to improve recyclability and introduce a framework for integrated recyclability tool to improve product recyclability throughout its development phase