Preparation and Characterization of Acrylic Primer for Concrete Substrate Application

This study dealt with the properties of acrylic primer for concrete substrate using acrylic syrup, made from a methyl methacrylate monomer solution of terpolymers. Terpolymer systems consisting of methyl methacrylate (MMA), 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA), and methacrylic acid (MAA) with different chemical composition ratios of MMA and 2-EHA were synthesized through bulk polymerization using azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. The terpolymer composition is characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, DSC, TGA, and SEM. The glass transition temperature and the thermal stability increased with increasing amounts of MMA in the terpolymer backbone. The effect of chemical composition of terpolymers on physicomechanical properties of primer films was investigated. However, increasing the amount of MMA in terpolymer backbone increased tensile and contact angle of primer films while elongation at break, water absorption, and bond strength are decreased. In particular, the primer syrup containing 65% 2-EHA has good bonding strength with concrete substrate around 1.1 MPa

Estimation of small-scale kinetic parameters of escherichia coli (E. coli) model by enhanced segment particle swarm optimization algorithm ese-pso

The ability to create “structured models” of biological simulations is becoming more and more commonplace. Although computer simulations can be used to estimate the model, they are restricted by the lack of experimentally available parameter values, which must be approximated. In this study, an Enhanced Segment Particle Swarm Optimization (ESe-PSO) algorithm that can estimate the values of small-scale kinetic parameters is described and applied to E. coli’s main metabolic network as a model system. The glycolysis, phosphotransferase system, pentose phosphate, the TCA cycle, gluconeogenesis, glyoxylate pathways, and acetate formation pathways of Escherichia coli are represented by the Differential Algebraic Equations (DAE) system for the metabolic network. However, this algorithm uses segments to organize particle movements and the dynamic inertia weight ((Formula presented.)) to increase the algorithm’s exploration and exploitation potential. As an alternative to the state-of-the-art algorithm, this adjustment improves estimation accuracy. The numerical findings indicate a good agreement between the observed and predicted data. In this regard, the result of the ESe-PSO algorithm achieved superior accuracy compared with the Segment Particle Swarm Optimization (Se-PSO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Differential Evolution (DE) algorithms. As a result of this innovative approach, it was concluded that small-scale and even entire cell kinetic model parameters can be developed

Effect of the horizontal aspect ratio on thermocapillary convection stability in annular pool with surface heat dissipation

[EN] A linear stability analysis of the thermoconvective problem of a thin liquid film contained in an annular domain has been conducted. The influence of the horizontal aspect ratio on the solution has been considered by keeping a fixed external wall while the internal radius of the annular domain was modified. The parameter used in the study, Gamma(h), has been defined as the ratio of the internal radius to the domain depth. The other control parameter of the study is the Prandtl number ranging from 0.7 to 50, i.e. characteristic of fluids as air to n-butanol. The study has been performed for different Bond (Bo) regimes ranging from 0.0 for surface tension dominated flows to 67 for buoyancy dominated ones. Three different kind of bifurcations are found in the Gamma(h) - Pr plane for large Bonds, while for low Bonds only two of them appear. In the case of pure buoyancy or surface tension flows, for every Gamma(h) there exists a Prandtl number such that oscillatory and stationary coexist in a co-dimension two bifurcation point. These transitions show a strong dependency with the Bond number. Indeed, the lower transition disappears for low Bo and the upper one disappears with intermediate Bo values. Furthermore, there is a non-linear dependency of the number of structures of the growing bifurcation with Gamma(h). These co-dimension two lines show a strong dependency with Bo. Firstly, looking at the frontier between HWI and LR regions, for large Bo numbers, Pr increases with Gamma(h), while for low Bo the trend is reversed. Additionally, this transition only appears in the extreme Bo cases, for the central values of the considered, no transition is found. Similarly, the second transition found only appears for Bo larger than 30.SH and MJPQ work have been supported by project RTI2018-102256-B-I00 of Mineco/FEDER. PF work has been partially supported by the Spain's National Research and Development Plan (Project ESP2016-75887) and by the CHEOPS project (Grant Agreement 730135). This work was supported by a generous grant of computer time from the supercomputing center of the UPV.López-Núñez, E.; Pérez Quiles, MJ.; Fajardo, P.; Hoyas, S. (2020). Effect of the horizontal aspect ratio on thermocapillary convection stability in annular pool with surface heat dissipation. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 148:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.119140S1814

Hybrid intelligent methods for parameter identification and load frequency control in power system

The accuracy of the parameter identification of power system model and efficiency of frequency control are part of the challenging work in power system operation and control area. Whereas, the complexity and high non-linearty of the power system model have led to the continuing research for improvement that still extensively active, especially for load frequency control (LFC). Generally, LFC is responsible to maintain the zero steady-state errors in the frequency changing and restoring the natural frequency to its normal position. Many methods have been proposed and implemented in identification of power system and LFC, however, they may not be appropriate. For example, the classical methods for parameter identification (LSE and MLE), the classical methods for LFC (PI, PD and PID) and the intelligent methods (fuzzy logic, neural network, genetic algorithm, and PSO). Thus, motivated from the topics, this Thesis is brought to present the improvement of the parameter identification of power system model and the response of the LFC in power system. The Thesis is divided into two parts in accordance to the topic. Where, in the first part, the coherent identification algorithm for single and multi-area power systems with disturbances is proposed. A new method from the improvement of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is developed in order to find the best global optimal value. Meanwhile, part two presents three developed control methods for FLC from the improvement of fuzzy control (named as scaled fuzzy using PSO, parallel conventional PI/PD with Scaled Fuzzy PI/PD and Mirror Fuzzy controller) by adapting the utilization of PSO to optimize the scaled gain of fuzzy controllers. These proposed control methods in LFC will be examined and verified in two and four areas power system. The outcomes of the proposed parameters identification and LFC control methods are presented the results through simulation using Matlab by making a comparison on the frequency transient response. Various analyses are shown and the discussions on the results are done appropriately. Lastly, the Thesis is given the concluding remarks and the contributions which can be specified into two, a modification of PSO for parameters identification named as PSO segmentation and a new fuzzy control named as a Mirror Fuzzy controller for LF

Îlots de chaleur et morphologie urbaine de l’agglomération parisienne.Conséquences sur la mortalité durant la canicule de 2003

The radiative conditions of periods of strong heat in urban areas, at a local scale and during the summer, contribute toconstitute the urban heat island effect. The latter is characterised, among other elements, by high night-time temperatures. Furthermore, these high temperatures have deadly consequences on the health during heat waves, particularly for the most vulnerable people. The heat wave of August 2003 is as such a good example. This doctoral research aims at examining in Paris agglomeration (that is to say in Paris and Paris’s inner suburbs) the relationships between the extreme heats of 2003, the urban morphology, and, the mortality and the excess-mortality.Bearing this in mind, a first aspect of this research deals about the relationship between the urban temperatures and the urban morphology. In order to determine the meteorological characteristics of August 2003, this heat wave is first placed on the global context of other periods of strong heat (like the days of urban heat island). The August 2003 land surface temperatures are then correlated to the morphometric indicators, the vegetation index and the built index. Our results show that day-time temperatures are generally weakly related to the indicators of urban morphology and high-related to the vegetation. Night-time temperatures have stronger relations with all the temperature’s variables. Indeed, the urban morphology and the presence of green areas have significant impacts on the variability of temperatures in urban areas.The second aspect of this research concerns the spatial distribution of mortality and excess mortality during the 2003 heat wave in the Paris agglomeration. The specific role of surface temperatures on these variables is assessed. We demonstrate that the strongest relationships are between mortality, excess mortality and night-time surface temperatures. However, the intensity of these relationships is globally quite average. So even if a linking between the land surface temperatures, mortality and excess-mortality rate is necessary, it is not sufficient to understand all of the spatial distribution of mortality. This is why a comparison with some demographic, social and economic indicators is led. Each variable brings a part of answers about the spatial distribution of mortality and excess-mortality, but none provides a decisive explicative part. Taking these results into account, a principal component analysis and a hierarchical clustering are considered for a better understanding of the complexity of the relation between all these indicators.We obtain four spatial clusters, but we distinguish particularly two of them. The first cluster includes Parisian districts and some of its western suburbs. They are characterised by socio-economically advantaged populations. For this cluster, the mortality is high. The second cluster contains districts of south and north suburbs. This cluster is characterised by more socio-economically disadvantaged populations and an abnormally high excess-mortality rate. The other two spatial clusters are intermediate. These results suggest the role of social disparities on mortality and excess mortality during periods of heat waves.En milieu urbain, à l’échelle locale et dans un contexte estival, les conditions radiatives des périodes de fortes chaleurs participent à la formation d’un îlot de chaleur urbain. Ce dernier se caractérise, entre autres, par des températures nocturnes élevées en ville. Or, en période de vague de chaleur, ces températures ont des répercussions meurtrières sur l’organisme, notamment pour les personnes les plus vulnérables. La canicule du mois d’août 2003 constitue à ce titre un exemple éloquent. Cette recherche doctorale a pour objectif d’étudier les relations qui existent entre les extrêmes chauds de 2003, la morphologie urbaine et, la mortalité et la surmortalité du mois d’août 2003 dans l’agglomération parisienne (Paris et sa petite couronne).Aussi, un premier aspect de cette thèse concerne l’étude des relations entre les températures de l’agglomération et samorphologie urbaine. La vague de chaleur de 2003 est d’abord contextualisée dans un ensemble plus vaste de périodes de forte chaleur (les journées radiatives d’îlot de chaleur) afin d’en déterminer ses spécificités météorologiques. Puis, les températures de surface du mois d’août 2003 sont mises en relation avec des variables morphométriques, des indices de végétation et de bâti. Les résultats révèlent que les températures diurnes ont dans l’ensemble des relations faibles avec les variables morphométriques et plutôt fortes avec la végétation. Les températures nocturnes ont, quant à elles, des relations assez importantes avec l’ensemble des variables. En effet, la morphologie urbaine, mais aussi la proximité d’espaces verts sont autant de facteurs qui jouent sur la variabilité des températures en ville.Le second aspect de cette recherche s’intéresse à la répartition spatiale de la mortalité et de la surmortalité durant la vague de chaleur de 2003. Le rôle spécifique des températures de surface sur ces variables est évalué. Nous démontrons que les relations les plus fortes sont celles entre la mortalité, la surmortalité et les températures nocturnes de surface. Cependant l’intensité de ces relations est globalement plutôt moyenne. Les seules températures ne peuvent suffire à expliquer la mortalité et la surmortalité, une comparaison avec des indicateurs démographiques, sociaux et économiques au niveau communal est par conséquent menée. Chaque variable apporte partiellement des éléments de réponse, mais aucune ne fournit une part explicative déterminante. Aussi, une analyse en composantes principales (ACP) ainsi qu’une classification ascendante hiérarchique (CAH) sont envisagées afin de mieux appréhender la complexité des relations.Quatre profils spatiaux sont mis en évidence, dont deux retiennent notre attention ici. Le premier profil comprend Paris et deux communes de la proche banlieue ouest. Ces espaces sont plutôt favorisés en termes socio-économiques. La mortalité y est importante. Le second profil comprend des communes situées principalement dans les banlieues nord et sud de l’agglomération aux conditions sociales plus modestes et dans lesquelles la surmortalité a été très élevée. Les deux autres profils spatiaux sont intermédiaires. Ces résultats suggèrent le rôle éventuel des inégalités sociales sur la mortalité et la surmortalité en période d’extrême chaud

Rayleigh-Bénard-Marangoni convection in a cylindrical container with bottom conductor subjected to localized heat flux

Le présent travail de recherche concerne l'étude de la convection de Rayleigh-Bénard-Marangoni dans un récipient cylindrique doté d'un fond en substrat solide. Le substrat solide est chauffé sur sa face inférieure par un flux de chaleur localisé. L'étude comporte deux parties : La première partie du travail consiste en une modélisation physique du problème associée à des simulations numériques. Les équations de Navier-Stokes et de l'énergie sont résolues en 3D par une méthode de volumes finis. Un transfert de chaleur conjugué solide-liquide est considéré. Des morphologies originales de cellules (type et nombre) sont observées, elles dépendent des conditions géométriques, des nombres adimensionnels qui régissent la physique de l'écoulement (nombre de Prandtl, de Rayleigh et de Marangoni ainsi que du rapport des conductivités thermiques du substrat solide et du fluide). Les transferts de chaleur sont aussi évalués pour chaque cas d'étude. Dans la deuxième partie, nous allons détaillons une étude expérimentale de la convection de Rayleigh-Bénard-Marangoni dans la même configuration que celle étudiée numériquement. Les structures convectives et leurs évolutions sont étudiées à partir d’images relevées par thermographie infra-rouge. Différents modes d'organisation des cellules convectives ont pu être mis en évidence pour ce type de chauffage à flux thermique imposé non uniforme.The present research work concerns the study of Rayleigh-Bénard-Marangoni convection in a cylindrical container with a solid substrate base. This solid substrate is heated by a localized heat flux on its underside. The study is divided into two parts : The first part of the work consists of a physical modelling of the problem associated with numerical simulations. The Navier-Stokes and energy equations are solved by using a 3D finite volume method. A conjugate solid-liquid heat transfer is considered. Original morphology of cells (type and number) are observed, they are linked to the geometrical conditions, the dimensionless numbers which govern the physical problem (Prandtl, Rayleigh and Marangoni numbers and the ratio of solid substrate to liquid thermal conductivities). The heat transfers are also evaluated in each case. In the second part of the work, we present an experimental study of Rayleigh-Bénard-Marangoni convection in the same configuration as that studied numerically. Convective structures and their evolutions are studied from images recorded by infrared thermography. Different modes of organization of convective cells have been highlighted for this type of heating with imposed non-uniform heat flux

Multi-scalar estimation of spatial and temporal extension of urban heat island during the heat wave of august 2003 in Paris : effects on excess mortality .

Poster : Vienne (Autriche), European Geosciences Unio

Surface heat island and urban environment during the August 2003 heat wave in Paris agglomeration

International audienc

Convection de Rayleigh-Bénard-Marangoni en récipient cylindrique à fond conducteur soumis à un flux de chaleur localisé

Le présent travail de recherche concerne l'étude de la convection de Rayleigh-Bénard-Marangoni dans un récipient cylindrique doté d'un fond en substrat solide. Le substrat solide est chauffé sur sa face inférieure par un flux de chaleur localisé. L'étude comporte deux parties : La première partie du travail consiste en une modélisation physique du problème associée à des simulations numériques. Les équations de Navier-Stokes et de l'énergie sont résolues en 3D par une méthode de volumes finis. Un transfert de chaleur conjugué solide-liquide est considéré. Des morphologies originales de cellules (type et nombre) sont observées, elles dépendent des conditions géométriques, des nombres adimensionnels qui régissent la physique de l'écoulement (nombre de Prandtl, de Rayleigh et de Marangoni ainsi que du rapport des conductivités thermiques du substrat solide et du fluide). Les transferts de chaleur sont aussi évalués pour chaque cas d'étude. Dans la deuxième partie, nous allons détaillons une étude expérimentale de la convection de Rayleigh-Bénard-Marangoni dans la même configuration que celle étudiée numériquement. Les structures convectives et leurs évolutions sont étudiées à partir d images relevées par thermographie infra-rouge. Différents modes d'organisation des cellules convectives ont pu être mis en évidence pour ce type de chauffage à flux thermique imposé non uniforme.The present research work concerns the study of Rayleigh-Bénard-Marangoni convection in a cylindrical container with a solid substrate base. This solid substrate is heated by a localized heat flux on its underside. The study is divided into two parts : The first part of the work consists of a physical modelling of the problem associated with numerical simulations. The Navier-Stokes and energy equations are solved by using a 3D finite volume method. A conjugate solid-liquid heat transfer is considered. Original morphology of cells (type and number) are observed, they are linked to the geometrical conditions, the dimensionless numbers which govern the physical problem (Prandtl, Rayleigh and Marangoni numbers and the ratio of solid substrate to liquid thermal conductivities). The heat transfers are also evaluated in each case. In the second part of the work, we present an experimental study of Rayleigh-Bénard-Marangoni convection in the same configuration as that studied numerically. Convective structures and their evolutions are studied from images recorded by infrared thermography. Different modes of organization of convective cells have been highlighted for this type of heating with imposed non-uniform heat flux.PAU-BU Sciences (644452103) / SudocSudocFranceF