Thin Surface Layer of Plasma Treated Polyethylene

This paper reports on the effect of argon plasma on the high density polyethylene surface. The aim is to alter the surface in a manner and scale resulting in a stronger metal/polymer valence. The specimens are exposed to the direct current discharge, the irradiation time and power being variables. Electron paramagnetic resonance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (EPR and XPS, respectively) are employed to determine the plasma effect. The surface wettability is studied by goniometry. The plasma treatment leads to radical generation and activation of such agents as oxygen, thus the surface wettability is significantly increased. The evolution ofthe treated surface in different media is studied. The influence of an increased oxygen concentration and the storage medium on the concentration gradient within the surface monolayers is proved. The EPR data show a gradual and very slow decrease in the number of radicals present on the treated surface after 2000 h. Also evidence is given for partial dissolution of the treated surface in water.Представлены результаты изучения влияния плазмы аргона на поверхность полиэтилена высокой плотности. Целью исследования является изменение поверхности таким образом, чтобы увеличить валентность ме­талла/полимера. Образцы подвергали воз­действию разряда постоянного тока, при этом время воздействия и мощность являлись переменными величинами. Для опре­деления влияния плазмы использовали электронный парамагнитный резонанс (ЭПР) и фотоэлектронную рентгеновскую спектроскопию. Смачиваемость поверхнос­ти изучали с использованием гониометрии. Плазменная обработка ведет к образованию радикалов и активизации таких реагентов, как кислород и таким образом, значительно увеличивается смачиваемость поверхности. Исследована эволюция обработанной по­верхности в различных средах. Приведено подтверждение влияния повышенной кон­центрации кислорода и среды на градиент концентрации в поверхностных монослоях. Данные ЭПР свидетельствуют о постепен­ном и очень медленном уменьшении коли­чества радикалов на обработанной поверхности после 2000 ч. Приведены также дан­ные о частичном растворении обработанной поверхности в воде

Zr alloy protection against high-temperature oxidation: Coating by a double-layered structure with active and passive functional properties

In this work, a new concept of metal surface protection against degradation caused by high-temperature oxidation in water environment is presented. We were the first to create a double-layered coating consisting of an active and passive part to protect Zr alloy surface against high-temperature oxidation in a hot water environment. We investigated the hot steam corrosion of ZIRLO fuel cladding coated with a double layer consisting of 500 nm nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) as the bottom layer and 2 m chromium-aluminum-silicon nitride (CrAlSiN) as the upper layer. Coated and noncoated ZIRLO samples were exposed for 4 days at 400 °C in an autoclave (working water-cooled nuclear reactor temperature) and for 60 minutes at 1000 °C (nuclear reactor accident temperature) in a hot steam furnace. We have shown that the NCD coating protects the Zr alloy surface against oxidation in an active way: carbon from NCD layer enters the Zr alloy surface and, by changing the physical and chemical properties of the Zr cladding tube surface, limits the Zr oxidation process. In contrast, the passive CrAlSiN coating prevents the Zr cladding tube surface from coming into physical contact with the hot steam. The advantages of the double layer were demonstrated, particularly in terms of hot (accident-temperature) oxidation kinetics: in the initial stage, CrAlSiN layer with low number of defects acts as an impermeable barrier. But after a longer time (more than 20 minutes) the protection by more cracked CrAlSiN decreases. At the same time, the carbon from NCD strongly penetrates the Zr cladding surface and worsen conditions for Zr oxidation. For the double-layer coating, the underlying NCD layer mitigates thermal expansion, reducing cracks and defects in upper layer CrAlSiN

Chiral plasmonic response of 2D Ti3C2Tx flakes: realization and applications

The circularly polarized light sensitive materials response can be reached at plasmon wavelengths through the coupling of intrinsically non-chiral plasmonic nanostructure with chiral organic molecules. As a plasmonic background, the different types of metal nanoparticles of various shapes and sizes are successfully tested and an apparent circular dichroism (CD) signal is measured in both, nanoparticles suspensions and after nanoparticle immobilization in substrate. In this work, the creation of plasmon-active 2D flakes of MXenes (Ti3C2Tx) is proposed, with the apparent CD response at plasmon wavelength, through the coupling of intrinsically non-chiral flakes with helically shaped helicene enantiomers. This work provides the first demonstration of chiral and plasmon-active 2D material, which shows the absorption sensitive to light intrinsic circular polarization even in plasmon wavelengths range. The appearance of the induced CD signal is additionally confirmed by several theoretical calculations. After the experimental and theoretical confirmation of the optical chirality at plasmon wavelengths, the flakes are utilized for the polarization sensitive conversion of light to heat, as well as for polarization dependent triggering of plasmon-assisted chemical transformation

High temperature oxidation of spark plasma sintered and thermally sprayed FeAl-based iron aluminides

The presented work deals with the oxidation resistance of spark plasma sintered and thermally sprayed FeAl-based intermetallics. Gas-atomized binary single phase Fe-43(at.%)Al and dual phase Fe-55(at.%)Al powders were used for spark plasma sintering and/or thermal spraying. Coatings were deposited by two different plasma spray technologies - gas and water stabilized plasma guns. The prepared samples were exposed to oxidation in artificial air at 700°C. The mass gain was measured during oxidation at 700C up to 1000 h. Microstructures, phase and chemical compositions of the formed scales were characterized after the exposition by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy)