Propuesta Metodológica para una Edición Crítica en Formato Digital de Shakespeare: Titus Andronicus como ejemplo

La aplicación de las Nuevas Tecnologías a la edición crítica de textos está permitiendo que la comunidad filológica pueda experimentar con diversas formas de editar, traducir, anotar, analizar, presentar y difundir este tipo de textos en múltiples formatos. La presente tesis propone éste tipo de experimentación técno-literaria en el campo de los estudios dramáticos. Experimentación en la que emplearemos los Complete Works de William Shakespeare y en la que se usará la obra Titus Andronicus para formalizar una nueva propuesta editorial. Propuesta que, obviamente, se enmarca en una tradición editorial previa y que intentará extraer, plantear y exponer diversos aspectos en los estudios shakespearianos. En esta propuesta modular e integradora se intenta hacer converger lo teatral, lo filológico, lo computacional y la retroalimentación que se produce entre estas en un único espacio. Espacio que, actualmente, se puede conceptualizar en forma de Ciberespacio y que en su vertiente teórica empleará el modelo de las Self-regulating Open Hierachic Order, o infraestructuras holónicas, que propone Arthur Koestler en The Act of Creation, The Ghost in the Machine y Janus: A Summing Up.. Concepto que puede resultar muy fructífero para estudiar el fenómeno teatral ya que supera la clásica dicotomía entre los enfoques reduccionista y holístico típico de las disciplinas científicas contemporáneas y que se peculiariza por la identificación de un elemento denominado holon (parte|todo). Por lo que respecta a la variante más filológica del estudio, y al ser Titus Andronicus una de las obras menos estudiadas en nuestro país, hemos analizado la transmisión documental de dicha obra en sus diversos formatos, versiones, lenguajes y/o medios. Recorrido hermenéutico que parte de las primeras ediciones impresas y que concluye con las propuestas multi-mediales, hiper-mediales y/o docuversales en red de principios del siglo XXI. Recorrido que nos sirve para mostrar la evolución multi-dimensional del texto shakespeariano en sus diversas artes y que permite completar una primera aproximación monográfica a ésta obra si se combina con los estudios realizados por Vicente Forés, Antonio Martín y Marta Cerezo. Por lo que respecta a la variante más computacional del mismo, y teniendo en cuenta diversos aspectos teóricos y filológicos, presentamos un prototipo que hemos denominado Holonic Variorum. Implementación práctica en forma de entorno-plataforma editorial, que hemos desarrollado mediante el uso de las actuales tecnologías LAMP, en el que proponemos una nueva forma de editar el texto dramático en estos nuevos entornos digitales. De hecho, en este nuevo Sistema Modular Editorial presentamos una primera aproximación multi-dimensional a dicha obra del siguiente modo: en formato multilingüe, en su variante formal; de manera lineal y tabulares e integrada en otros entornos y/o plataformas digitales del tipo Web 2.0. Por lo que respecta a la parte más formal de la tesis decir que también emplea una estructura de tipo modular para presentar los diversos datos e ítems que se han manejado para confeccionar este estudio. Estructura compuesta por diez módulos clave que nos permite hablar en unos casos de series fluidas (abiertas o infinitas) y de series exactas (cerradas o finitas) y que, en principio, se emplean para apreciar la aplicación práctica del concepto de holon y para ver cómo se retroalimentan dichos módulos.This is a breif summary of the author's PhD thesis supervised by Dr. Vicente Forés López and defended on 6 july 2010 at the Universitat de València (Spain). The thesis is written in Spanish and is available in its hypertextual version at http://shakespeare.uv.es This dissertation explores the editorial products and processes and their uses within the contexts of Shakespearean studies, digital environments and higher education. The opportunities arising from the application of new technologies to these fields and the rapid increase in their development and deployment have led to an in-depth study of their impact, effectiveness and implications. Drawing on modularity and on the holonic theory developed by Arthur Koestler, this research proposes a new approach to dramatic texts by implementing a new type of edition : a Holonic Variorum. New type of ideal edition where editors can show the N_Dimensionality of this type of literary texts. The thesis makes a practical contribution by using this framework to design a new Editorial Modular System (EMS). New environment-platform where we have developed a variety of editorial tools to allow the reader/user to analyse in depth the N_Dimesionality of the play Titus Andronicus in its several languages, formats, versions and arts

Jan Kott is Dead, Long Live to the ˂“Hybrid”˃ Critic

This article is a little tribute that a drama teacher, an editor and translator and a lecturer in English Literature would like to contribute to this Special Issue in Honour of Professor Dr Jan Kott, the most influential non-English speaking Shakespearean Critic in the second half of the 20th Century and early 21st Century. In the initial part of the essay we will overview Kott’s influence in the development of current Shakespearean tradition(s) in Spain from the early 1970s to the present day. In fact, his writings and critical views on William Shakespeare’s Works have been a decisive point in the development of new approaches to this playwright in some University Departments and Drama Schools in this country. The whole discussion will take the notion of hybrid and hybridization as the point of departure and we will draw some conclusions for discussing new critical thinking in Art (Science,) and Humanities

Sex difference and intra-operative tidal volume: Insights from the LAS VEGAS study

BACKGROUND: One key element of lung-protective ventilation is the use of a low tidal volume (VT). A sex difference in use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) has been described in critically ill ICU patients.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether a sex difference in use of LTVV also exists in operating room patients, and if present what factors drive this difference.DESIGN, PATIENTS AND SETTING: This is a posthoc analysis of LAS VEGAS, a 1-week worldwide observational study in adults requiring intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery in 146 hospitals in 29 countries.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Women and men were compared with respect to use of LTVV, defined as VT of 8 ml kg-1 or less predicted bodyweight (PBW). A VT was deemed 'default' if the set VT was a round number. A mediation analysis assessed which factors may explain the sex difference in use of LTVV during intra-operative ventilation.RESULTS: This analysis includes 9864 patients, of whom 5425 (55%) were women. A default VT was often set, both in women and men; mode VT was 500 ml. Median [IQR] VT was higher in women than in men (8.6 [7.7 to 9.6] vs. 7.6 [6.8 to 8.4] ml kg-1 PBW, P < 0.001). Compared with men, women were twice as likely not to receive LTVV [68.8 vs. 36.0%; relative risk ratio 2.1 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.1), P < 0.001]. In the mediation analysis, patients' height and actual body weight (ABW) explained 81 and 18% of the sex difference in use of LTVV, respectively; it was not explained by the use of a default VT.CONCLUSION: In this worldwide cohort of patients receiving intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery, women received a higher VT than men during intra-operative ventilation. The risk for a female not to receive LTVV during surgery was double that of males. Height and ABW were the two mediators of the sex difference in use of LTVV.TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01601223

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Çédille, revista de estudios franceses

Presentació

Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid, Marine ω‐3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study

Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α‐linolenic acid (ALA), a plant‐derived ω‐3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine ω‐3 fatty acids (long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to all‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day). Methods and Results: We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9‐y follow‐up, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios for meeting ALA recommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56–0.92) for all‐cause mortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58–1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios for meeting the recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67–1.05) for all‐cause mortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39–0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29–0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22–1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in all‐cause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45–0.87]). Conclusions: In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to all‐cause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fish‐derived long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.Controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639

Sistema de gestión del aprendizaje (LMS) como herramienta para la mejora del aprendizaje en Educación Superior

El objetivo de la red es evaluar el efecto sobre la adquisición de contenidos que tiene el uso y la implementación de la plataforma virtual educativa (Learning Management System-LMS) Schoology frente a la implementación de estilos de enseñanza tradicionales y participativos. La intervención fue realizada en diferentes grupos del Grado de Maestro en Educación Primaria y del Grado de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte de la Universidad de Alicante. Para el estudio en el Grado de Maestro en Educación Primaria se establecieron dos grupos, en uno se llevó a cabo la intervención con la plataforma educativa Schoology, y en otro se implementó un estilo de enseñanza tradicional. Para los alumnos del Grado de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, se establecieron tres grupos: Un grupo de intervención con Shoology, otro con estilo tradicional y otro con estilo participativo (microenseñanza). Para llevar a cabo la evaluación sobre la adquisición de contenidos, se realizó un pretest antes de la intervención y un postest después de la intervención. Los resultados determinaron que los grupos en los que se realizó una intervención con la plataforma Schoology, obtuvieron una mayor mejora en la adquisición de contenidos que en los grupos en los que se utilizaron metodologías tradicionales o participativas (microenseñanza)