Difference between Traditional and Non-traditional Learning Methods in Virtual and Real-world Environment

The advancement of information and communication technology in 21st century is introducing new way of learning. The physical classroom learning method is very effective and a prevailing type learning. The main objective of the study was to explore the impact of non-traditional method of education in undergraduates. The main objective was to study the general impact of traditional learning method among students. The researcher had used the social survey method of research for data collection and researcher had used simple random sampling. The researcher had selected 60 respondents from Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan and 40 respondents from Virtual university Multan campus. Online learning saves time 88.3% real class students said that yes it saves time and 92.5% virtual learners agree that it saves time. The online learning reduced the dependency of place 70% traditional students were agreed this and 80% virtual students said that it reduced the dependency of place. Virtual learning is beneficial for both learning and job together 80% traditional students said yes, it is beneficial for both and 90% virtual students had also same views.Recently, use of information communication technology has been increased in our educational institutions. Due to this advancement in technology has made physical and virtual learning more effective for learners

Isoniazid induced hepatotoxicity and its amelioration with ethanolic extract of stem bark of Berberis lycium Royale in mice

Background: To study the hepatoprotective effect of Ethanolic extract of Stem Bark of Berberis lycium Royale in isoniazid (INH) induced hepatotoxicity in mice model.Methods: The study design was lab based randomized controlled in-vivo study in mice conducted from 9th April 2014 till 9th May 2014 at animal house of National Institute of Health, Islamabad. Group A was on normal diet and water and hepatotoxicity was produced by giving isoniazid (50mg/kg BW) in mice of Group B. Group C and D were given isoniazid (INH) plus low dose and high dose of Ethanolic extract of stem bark of Berberis Lycium Royle respectively.Results: INH induced hepatotoxicity was depicted by elevated serum LFT’s, hepatocytic ballooning, severe steatosis and inflammation. Mice getting concurrent treatment of INH, low and high dose of Ethanolic extract of Berberis Lycium Royle showed decreased serum levels of biomarkers and their liver sections manifested improved histological picture but more significant reduction in toxic effects were observed in animals receiving high dose.Conclusions: High dose of Ethanolic extract of stem bark of Berberis lycium Royale showed more marked hepatoprotective activity as compare to low doses. The hepatotoxicity of INH can be reduced by concurrent use of INH with ethanolic extracts of Berberis Lycium Royle

The Role of Job Satisfaction and Burnout on Work-Family Conflict and Turnover Intentions

Job satisfaction (JS), burnout (BO), and work-family conflict (WFCs) have numerous consequences on employees and organizations. Despite an abundance of research on the subject, previous studies have not examined the multi-mediating effects of JS and BO on WFCs and turnover intentions (TIs). Given this gap, we have contributed towards the body of knowledge by developing a new model based on the four theories (i.e., effort-reward imbalance model, conservation resource model, social exchange theory and identity theory). A sample of 387 respondents from the banking sector of Karachi was selected non-randomly. The Smart PLS software was used for statistical analysis. The results suggest that WFCs enhance TIs and JS. On the contrary, past studies indicate that increased WFCs decrease JS. The study also found that BO increases TIs, which is in line with the results of other studies. We also found that JS negatively affects BO and positively affects TIs. The results also suggest that JS has a mediating effect on BO and TIs, and BO has a mediating effect on TIs. The study also indicates that both JS and BO mediates WFCs and TIs.Keywords: Job satisfaction, work-family conflict, burnout, turnover intentions, banking, Karachi

Therapeutic Potential of Probiotics and Prebiotics

Advancement in technology is continued as the time is passed. The biological active ingredients technology is the challenging issues for both the researchers and manufacturers. In last decade, much research has been happened about the potential health benefits of pro and prebiotic ingredients. Probiotics are the live microorganisms when given in adequate amount confer health benefits but the prebiotics are indigestible ingredients that enhance the activity of one or more probiotics in the colon. The therapeutic potential of these two biological active ingredients is the outcome of emerging field of biotechnology. A number of studies indicating therapeutic potential of probiotics regarding gastrointestinal health, cancer, constipation, immunomodulation, Helicobacter pylori, liver disease and urogenital infection have been documented. Similarly, prebiotics also improved helpful for many communicable and non-communicable diseases. It can be seen that advancement in the biotechnology field offer great choice to deliver a marvelous health advantages. Although the market for probiotic and prebiotic food and supplements has been increased in this new era but still need to develop food and supplements containing these two active ingredients with the cooperation of legal bodies of the country

Prevalence of LBP in male factory workers of Nishat Mills limited, Sheikhupura, Pakistan

Low back pain is common problem in factory worker. However there is a lack of evidence related to work related to LBP in factory workers in Pakistan. This study is conducted to identify the prevalence of Low back pain in factory workers and identify the need for awareness in workers about the working postures and safety measures in Nishat mills limited, Sheikhupura. A survey was conducted with sample size of 170 subjects, collected through non probability sampling technique. Nordic questionnaire (part 1) was used with addition of some questions related to research topic. Self-reported questionnaire Performa was filled. Study population included only male workers aged between 20-45 years with career duration of one or more than one year and working duration of 8 hours. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS 17.00. According to results 75 out of 170 workers reported low back trouble. The intensity of the low back ache varied from mild to severe. 21 (28%) workers reported mild category of pain, 40 (53.3%) had moderate pain and 14 (18.7%) were having severe pain. Majority (77.3%) workers felt pain for 1-7days during last 12 months. The results showed that there is statistically significant (p<0.05) association between Low back pain and type of work. The workers who do job related to Weight lifting were suffering more frequently from backache comparatively to the workers of manufacturing department. No statistically significant (p>0.05) association between Low back pain and working Posture was found. It was concluded from the study that prevalence of LBP was higher in weight lifting workers. And low back pain was also prevalent in those workers who are engaged with static work like in prolong standing; LBP founds to affect their work activity and reduces the work efficiency

Chemical Composition, Nitrogen Fractions and Amino Acids Profile of Milk from Different Animal Species

Milk composition is an imperative aspect which influences the quality of dairy products. The objective of study was to compare the chemical composition, nitrogen fractions and amino acids profile of milk from buffalo, cow, sheep, goat, and camel. Sheep milk was found to be highest in fat (6.82%±0.04%), solid-not-fat (11.24%±0.02%), total solids (18.05%±0.05%), protein (5.15%±0.06%) and casein (3.87%±0.04%) contents followed by buffalo milk. Maximum whey proteins were observed in camel milk (0.80%±0.03%), buffalo (0.68%±0.02%) and sheep (0.66%±0.02%) milk. The non-protein-nitrogen contents varied from 0.33% to 0.62% among different milk species. The highest r-values were recorded for correlations between crude protein and casein in buffalo (r = 0.82), cow (r = 0.88), sheep (r = 0.86) and goat milk (r = 0.98). The caseins and whey proteins were also positively correlated with true proteins in all milk species. A favorable balance of branched-chain amino acids; leucine, isoleucine, and valine were found both in casein and whey proteins. Leucine content was highest in cow (108±2.3 mg/g), camel (96±2.2 mg/g) and buffalo (90±2.4 mg/g) milk caseins. Maximum concentrations of isoleucine, phenylalanine, and histidine were noticed in goat milk caseins. Glutamic acid and proline were dominant among non-essential amino acids. Conclusively, current exploration is important for milk processors to design nutritious and consistent quality end products

Novel VPS13B Mutations in Three Large Pakistani Cohen Syndrome Families Suggests a Baloch Variant with Autistic-Like Features.

BackgroundCohen Syndrome (COH1) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, principally identified by ocular, neural and muscular deficits. We identified three large consanguineous Pakistani families with intellectual disability and in some cases with autistic traits.MethodsClinical assessments were performed in order to allow comparison of clinical features with other VPS13B mutations. Homozygosity mapping followed by whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing strategies were used to identify disease-related mutations.ResultsWe identified two novel homozygous deletion mutations in VPS13B, firstly a 1 bp deletion, NM_017890.4:c.6879delT; p.Phe2293Leufs*24, and secondly a deletion of exons 37-40, which co-segregate with affected status. In addition to COH1-related traits, autistic features were reported in a number of family members, contrasting with the "friendly" demeanour often associated with COH1. The c.6879delT mutation is present in two families from different regions of the country, but both from the Baloch sub-ethnic group, and with a shared haplotype, indicating a founder effect among the Baloch population.ConclusionWe suspect that the c.6879delT mutation may be a common cause of COH1 and similar phenotypes among the Baloch population. Additionally, most of the individuals with the c.6879delT mutation in these two families also present with autistic like traits, and suggests that this variant may lead to a distinct autistic-like COH1 subgroup

On Family of Simultaneous Method for Finding Distinct as Well as Multiple Roots of Non-linear Equation

We construct a family of 2-step simultaneous methods for determining all the distinct roots of single variable non-linear equations. We further extend this family of simultaneous methods to the case of multiple roots. It is proved that both the family of methods are of convergence order eight and has better computation efficiency as compared to some other simultaneous methods in the literature. At the end, numerical test examples are given to demonstrate the efficiency and performance of the newly constructed simultaneous method

Radiative peristaltic flow of magneto nanofluid in a porous channel with thermal radiation

Peristaltic flow of MHD nano fluid in a porous channel with velocity and thermal slip conditions is examined. Nanomaterial is comprised with water and copper/silver. Thermal radiation is present. The relevant problems have been solved for the velocity, temperature, pressure rise, frictional force and heat transfer rate. Physical impact of parameters in this study is analyzed