GF(q) LDPC encoder and decoder FPGA implementation using group shuffled belief propagation algorithm

This paper presents field programmable gate array (FPGA) exercises of the GF(q) low-density parity-check (LDPC) encoder and interpreter utilizing the group shuffled belief propagation (GSBP) algorithm are presented in this study. For small blocks, non-dual LDPC codes have been shown to have a greater error correction rate than dual codes. The reduction behavior of non-binary LDPC codes over GF (16) (also known as GF(q)-LDPC codes) over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel has been demonstrated to be close to the Shannon limit and employs a short block length (N=600 bits). At the same time, it also provides a non-binary LDPC (NB-LDPC) code set program. Furthermore, the simplified bubble check treasure event count is implemented through the use of first in first out (FIFO), which is based on an elegant design. The structure of the interpreter and the creation of the residential area he built were planned in very high speed integrated circuit (VHSIC) hardware description language (VHDL) and simulated in MODELSIM 6.5. The combined output of the Cyclone II FPGA is combined with the simulation output

An overview of role of retinoids in management of warts: Review article

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV)-inducing HPV-types can cause a wide range of cutaneous wart morphology and histological patterns that are distinct from one another. Certain forms of warts are more commonly related with various HPVs that cause cutaneous warts. It is essential that treatments for different forms of warts are both safe and painless. As warts can resolve up to two-thirds of the time without treatment, and treatments should not increase morbidity, this is particularly significant. In contrast, a large number of warts do not self-resolve fast and are associated with diminished quality of life, embarrassment, and pain in the skin. In terms of structure and function, retinoids resemble vitamin A in many ways. Both the differentiation and proliferation of keratinocytes and the immune system are hampered by their immunomodulatory effects. Objective: Assessment of role of retinoids in management of warts.Conclusion: Oral retinoids such as isotretinoin and acitretin are safe and reported to be effective therapy for different types of wart

Characterising the aetiology of severe acute gastroenteritis among patients visiting a hospital in Qatar using real-time polymerase chain reaction

Background: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) remains a common cause of clinic visits and hospitalizations, though its aetiology has not been determined in Qatar. Methods: We performed a prospective, emergency department–based study of 288 children and adults with AGE. Stool specimens were collected at presentation from June to November 2009. Faecal specimens were tested, using real-time PCR, for a panel of four viral (norovirus, adenovirus, astrovirus and rotavirus) and bacterial pathogens. Results: Viral and bacterial pathogens were detected in 131 (45.5%) and 34 (12.2%) of the 288 patients recruited. The most commonly detected pathogens were norovirus (28.5%), rotavirus (10.4%), followed by adenovirus (6.25%) and astrovirus (0.30%). Norovirus was the most commonly detected viral pathogen amongst all the age groups with an almost even distribution in all age groups. Rotavirus and adenovirus were more common in children under 5 yr of age. Astrovirus was found in only one person. Conclusions: Viruses, especially noroviruses, are associated with severe diarrhoea in children and adults in Qatar. Further studies to confirm the findings and to explore the causes of illness among patients from whom a pathogen cannot be determined are needed

Sécurité du flux d'information : de la vérification à l'implémentation

The security of information systems are paramount in today’s life, especially with the growth of complex and highly interconnected computer systems. For instance, bank systems have the obligation to guarantee the integrity and confidentiality of their costumers accounts. The electronic voting, auctions and commerce also needs confidentiality and integrity preservation.However, security verification and its distributed implementation are heavy processes in general, advanced security skills are required since both security configuration and coding distributed systems are complex and error-prone. With the diverse security attacks leaded by the Internet advent, how can we be sure that computer systems that we are building do satisfy the intended security property?The security property that we investigate in this thesis is the noninterference, which is a global property that tracks sensitive information in the entire system and ensures confidentiality and integrity. Non-interference is expressed by the requirement that no information about secret data is leaked through the observation of public data variation. Such definition is more subtle than a basic specification of legitimate access for sensitive information, allowing to exploit and detect malfunctioning and malicious programs intrusions for sensitive data (e.g, Trojan horse that sends confidential data to untrusted users). However as a global property, the noninterference is hard to verify and implement.To this end, we propose a model-based design flow that ensures the noninterference property in an application software from its high-level model leading to decentralized secure implementation. We present the secureBIP framework that is an extension for the component-based model with multyparty interactions for security. Non-interference is guaranteed using two practical manners: (1) we annotate the entire variables and ports of the model and then according to a defined set of sufficient syntactic constraints we check the satisfaction of the property, (2) we partially annotate the model way and then by extracting its compositional dependency graphswe apply a synthesis algorithm that computes the less restrictive secure configuration of the model if it exists.Once the information flow security is established and non-interference is established on an high-level model of the system, we follow a practical automated method to build a secure distributed implementation. A set of transformations are applied on the abstract model to progressively transform it into low-level distributed models and finally to distributed implementation, while preserving information flow security. Model transformations replace high-level coordination using multiparty interactions by protocols using asynchronous Send/Receive message-passing. The distributedimplementation is therefore proven ”secure-by-construction” that is, the final code conforms to the desired security policy. To show the usability of our method, we apply and experiment it on real case studies and examples from distinct application domains.La sécurité des systèmes d'information sont primordiales dans la vie d'aujourd'hui, en particulier avec la croissance des systèmes informatiques complexes et fortement interconnectés. Par exemple, les systèmes bancaires ont l'obligation de garantir l'intégrité et la confidentialité de leurs comptes clients. Le vote électronique, des ventes aux enchères et le commerce doit aussi assurer leurs la confidentialité et l'intégrité.Cependant, la vérification de la sécurité et sa mise en œuvre en distribuée sont des processus lourds en général, les compétences de sécurité avancées sont nécessaires puisque les deux configuration de sécurité et l'implementation de systèmes distribué sont complexes et sujette d'erreurs. Avec les attaques de sécurité divers menés par l'environnement Internet, comment pouvons-nous être sûrs que les systèmes informatiques que nous construisons ne satisfont la propriété de sécurité prévu?La propriété de la sécurité que nous étudions dans cette thèse est la non-ingérence, qui est une propriété globale qui permet de suivre les informations sensibles dans l'ensemble du système et de garantir la confidentialité et l'intégrité. La non-ingérence est exprimée par l'exigence selon laquelle aucune information sur des données secrètes est une fuite à travers l'observation de la variation des données publiques. Cette définition est plus subtile qu'une spécification de base de l'accès légitime pour les informations sensibles, ce qui permet d'exploiter et de détecter les dysfonctionnements et malveillants programmes intrusions pour les données sensibles (par exemple, un cheval de Troie qui envoie des données confidentielles aux utilisateurs non fiables). Cependant, comme une propriété globale, la non-interférence est difficile à vérifier et à mettre en œuvre.À cette fin, nous proposons un flux de conception basée sur un modèle qui assure la propriété non-interference dans un logiciel d'application de son modèle de haut niveau conduisant à la mise en œuvre sécurisée décentralisée. Nous présentons la plateforme secureBIP, qui est une extension pour le modèle à base de composants avec des interactions multi-partie pour la sécurité. La non-interference est garantie à l'aide de deux manières pratiques: (1) nous annotons les variables et les ports du modèle, puis selon un ensemble défini de contraintes syntaxiques suffisantes, nous vérifions la satisfaction de la propriété, (2), nous annotons partiellement le modèle, puis en extrayant ses graphes de dépendances de composition nous appliquons un algorithme de synthèse qui calcule la configuration sécurisée moins restrictive du modèle si elle existe.Une fois que la sécurité des flux d'information est établie et la non-interference est établie sur un modèle de haut niveau du système, nous suivons une méthode automatisée pratique pour construire une application distribuée sécurisée. Un ensemble de transformations sont appliquées sur le modèle abstrait de transformer progressivement en bas niveau des modèles distribués et enfin à la mise en œuvre distribuée, tout en préservant la sécurité des flux d'information. La transformations du modèles remplacent coordination de haut niveau en utilisant des interactions multi-partites par des protocoles en utilisant des envoies et reception de messages asynchrone. La distribution est donc prouvé "sécuriser par construction" qui est, le code final est conforme à la politique de sécurité souhaitée. Pour montrer la facilité d'utilisation de notre méthode, nous appliquons et d'expérimenter sur des études et des exemples de cas réels de domaines d'application distincts

A Model-Based Approach to Secure Multiparty Distributed Systems

International audienceWithin distributed systems with completely distributed interactions between parties with mutual distrust, it is hard to control the (illicit) flowing of private information to unintended parties. Unlike existing methods dealing with verification of low-level cryptographic protocols, we propose a novel model-based approach based on model transformations to build a secure-by-construction multiparty distributed system. First, starting from a component-based model of the system, the designer annotates different parts of it in order to define the security policy. Then, the security is checked and when valid, a secure distributed model, consistent with the desired security policy, is automatically generated. To illustrate the approach, we present a framework that implements our method and use it to secure an online social network application

A Robust Framework for Securing Composed Web Services

International audienceThis paper proposes a framework that automatically checks and configures data security in Web Services starting from high level business requirements. We consider BPEL-based composed Web Services. BPEL processes and initial security parameters are represented as component-based models labeled with security annotations. These models are formal and enable automated analysis and synthesis of security configurations, under the guidance of the service designer. The security property considered is the non-interference. The overall approach is practical since security is defined separately from functional processes and automatically verified. We illustrate its utility to solve intricate security problems using a smart grid application

A Model-based Approach to Secure Multi-party Distributed Systems

International audienceSecuring multi-party distributed systems is still a challenge. In such distributed systems with completely distributed interactions between parties with mutual distrust, it is hard to control the illicit flowing of private information to unin-tended parties. Unlike some existing solutions dealing with verification of low-level cryptographic protocol in multi-party interactions, we propose a novel approach based on model transformations to build secure-by-construction multi-party distributed systems. The user has to describe his system in a component-based model and annotate it to define the system security policy. Then, the system is checked and when valid, a secure code, consistent with the desired security policy , is automatically generated. To validate the approach, we present a framework that implements our method and we use it to secure an online social network application

A Model-Based Approach to Secure Multiparty Distributed Systems

International audienceWithin distributed systems with completely distributed interactions between parties with mutual distrust, it is hard to control the (illicit) flowing of private information to unintended parties. Unlike existing methods dealing with verification of low-level cryptographic protocols, we propose a novel model-based approach based on model transformations to build a secure-by-construction multiparty distributed system. First, starting from a component-based model of the system, the designer annotates different parts of it in order to define the security policy. Then, the security is checked and when valid, a secure distributed model, consistent with the desired security policy, is automatically generated. To illustrate the approach, we present a framework that implements our method and use it to secure an online social network application

A Robust Framework for Securing Composed Web Services

International audienceThis paper proposes a framework that automatically checks and configures data security in Web Services starting from high level business requirements. We consider BPEL-based composed Web Services. BPEL processes and initial security parameters are represented as component-based models labeled with security annotations. These models are formal and enable automated analysis and synthesis of security configurations, under the guidance of the service designer. The security property considered is the non-interference. The overall approach is practical since security is defined separately from functional processes and automatically verified. We illustrate its utility to solve intricate security problems using a smart grid application

Predictive modelling of MapReduce job performance in cloud environments using machine learning techniques

Abstract Within the Hadoop ecosystem, MapReduce stands as a cornerstone for managing, processing, and mining large-scale datasets. Yet, the absence of efficient solutions for precise estimation of job execution times poses a persistent challenge, impacting task allocation and distribution within Hadoop clusters. In this study, we present a comprehensive machine learning approach for predicting the execution time of MapReduce jobs, encompassing data collection, preprocessing, feature engineering, and model evaluation. Leveraging a rich dataset derived from comprehensive Hadoop MapReduce job traces, we explore the intricate relationship between cluster parameters and job performance. Through a comparative analysis of machine learning models, including linear regression, decision tree, random forest, and gradient-boosted regression trees, we identify the random forest model as the most effective, demonstrating superior predictive accuracy and robustness. Our findings underscore the critical role of features such as data size and resource allocation in determining job performance. With this work, we aim to enhance resource management efficiency and enable more effective utilisation of cloud-based Hadoop clusters for large-scale data processing tasks