Adsorption Studies of Direct Red 28 Dye onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Low Cost Material

An experimental investigation on the removal of direct red 28 dye from wastewater by using rice-husk carbon as low cost adsorbent was carried out in a laboratory. Batch type experiments were conducted to study the influence of different parameters such as adsorbent dose, contact time, pH, initial concentration of dye and particle size of adsorbent. The removal data have been analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption process was in conformity demonstrated use of rice husk to obtain low cost adsorbent for dye removal from aqueous solution . Keywords: adsorption,  low cost adsorbent, isotherm, dye

Modes of transmission and genetic diversity of foamy viruses in a Macaca tonkeana colony

BACKGROUND: Foamy viruses are exogenous complex retroviruses that are highly endemic in several animal species, including monkeys and apes, where they cause persistent infection. Simian foamy viral (SFV) infection has been reported in few persons occupationally exposed to non-human primates (NHP) in zoos, primate centers and laboratories, and recently in few hunters from central Africa. Most of the epidemiological works performed among NHP populations concern cross-sectional studies without long-term follow-up. Therefore, the exact timing and the modes of transmission of SFVs remain not well known, although sexual and oral transmissions have been suspected. We have conducted a longitudinal study in a free-breeding colony of Macaca tonkeana in order (1) to determine the prevalence of the infection by foamy viruses, (2) to characterize molecularly the viruses infecting such animals, (3) to study their genetic variability overtime by long-term follow-up of several DNA samples in a series of specific animals, and (4) to get new insights concerning the timing and the modes of SFVs primary infection in these monkeys by combining serology and molecular means, as well as studies of familial structures and long-term behavioral observations. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: We first demonstrated that this colony was highly endemic for SFVs, with a clear increase of seroprevalence with age. Only 4.7% of immatures, and 43,7% of sub-adults were found seropositive, while 89.5% of adults exhibited antibodies directed against SFV. We further showed that 6 different strains of foamy viruses (exhibiting a very low intra-strain and overtime genetic variability in the integrase gene) are circulating within this group. This suggests a possible infection by different strains within an animal. Lastly, we provide strong evidence that foamy viruses are mostly acquired through severe bites, mainly in sub-adults or young adults. Most cases of seroconversion occur after 7 years of age; from this age individuals competed for access to sexual partners, thus increasing the likelihood of being wounded. Furthermore, all the serological and molecular data, obtained in this free-breeding colony, argue against a significant transmission of SFVs from mother or father to infants as well as between siblings

Endogenous Retroviruses: Thierry Heidmann wins the 2009 Retrovirology prize

Thierry Heidmann wins the 2009 Retrovirology prize

Suppression of HIV-1 replication by microRNA effectors

The rate of HIV-1 gene expression is a key step that determines the kinetics of virus spread and AIDS progression. Viral entry and gene expression were described to be the key determinants for cell permissiveness to HIV. Recent reports highlighted the involvement of miRNA in regulating HIV-1 replication post-transcriptionally. In this study we explored the role of cellular factors required for miRNA-mediated mRNA translational inhibition in regulating HIV-1 gene expression. Here we show that HIV-1 mRNAs associate and co-localize with components of the RNA Induced Silencing Complex (RISC), and we characterize some of the proteins required for miRNA-mediated silencing (miRNA effectors). RCK/p54, GW182, LSm-1 and XRN1 negatively regulate HIV-1 gene expression by preventing viral mRNA association with polysomes. Interestingly, knockdown of RCK/p54 or DGCR8 resulted in virus reactivation in PBMCs isolated from HIV infected patients treated with suppressive HAART

Simian Foamy Virus Transmission from Apes to Humans, Rural Cameroon

Bites from apes efficiently transmit the foamy virus to humans in natural settings in central Africa

Studi Pengaruh Corporate Governance terhadap Pengungkapan Pajak pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di BEI tahun 2015-2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari internal mekanisme corporate governance (dalam hal ini diproksikan sebagai kepemilikan manajerial dan kompensasi insentif) terhadap pengungkapan pajak di laporan keuangan perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI pada periode 2015 sampai dengan 2018. Populasi dari perusahaan manufaktur yang diteliti berjumlah 576 unit dengan sampel sebanyak 101 unit selama periode 2015 sampai dengan 2018. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa kepemilikan manajerial dan kompensasi insentif tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pengungkapan pajak. Di lain sisi, firm size secara positif memiliki pengaruh signifikan dan earning management secara negatif memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap pengungkapan pajak

Coğrafya-yı mufassal-ı memalik-i Devlet-i Osmaniye /

"Darülşafaka Kitabhanesi"--T.p.Turkish in Arabic script."Darülşafaka'nın beşinci senesinde tedris olunmak üzere (Meclis-i Tedrisiye-yi İslamiye) tarafından intihab ve kabul olunmuştur."--T.p.Mode of access: Internet

PML mediates the interferon-induced antiviral state against a complex retrovirus via its association with the viral transactivator

The promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) protein localizes in the nucleus both in the nucleoplasm and in matrix-associated multiprotein complexes known as nuclear bodies (NBs). The number and the intensity of PML NBs increase in response to interferon (IFN). Overexpression of PML affects the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus and influenza virus. However, PML has a less powerful antiviral activity against these viruses than the IFN mediator MxA. Here, we show that overexpression of PML, but not that of Mx1 or MxA, leads to a drastic decrease of a complex retrovirus, the human foamy virus (HFV), gene expression. PML represses HFV transcription by complexing the HFV transactivator, Tas, preventing its direct binding to viral DNA. This physical interaction requires the N-terminal region of Tas and the RING finger of PML, but does not necessitate PML localization in NBs. Finally, we show that IFN treatment inhibits HFV replication in wild-type but not in PML–/– cells. These findings point to a role for PML in transcriptional repression and suggest that PML could play a key role in mediating an IFN-induced antiviral state against a complex retrovirus