Conductivity noise study of the insulator-metal transition and phase co-existence in epitaxial samarium nickelate thin films

Interaction between the lattice and the orbital degrees of freedom not only makes rare-earth nickelates unusually "bad metal", but also introduces a temperature driven insulator-metal phase transition. Here we investigate this insulator-metal phase transition in thin films of $\mathrm{SmNiO_3}$ using the slow time dependent fluctuations (noise) in resistivity. The normalized magnitude of noise is found to be extremely large, being nearly eight orders of magnitude higher than thin films of common disordered metallic systems, and indicates electrical conduction via classical percolation in a spatially inhomogeneous medium. The higher order statistics of the fluctuations indicate a strong non-Gaussian component of noise close to the transition, attributing the inhomogeneity to co-existence of the metallic and insulating phases. Our experiment offers a new insight on the impact of lattice-orbital coupling on the microscopic mechanism of electron transport in the rare-earth nickelates.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Memristor Logic versus TTL Logic: A Comparative Design Analysis and Validation

High speed, cost effective, low power, and high density non-volatile memory devices aids as driving force to carry out research in the field of solid state non-volatile memories. Memristor (Memory-Resistor) is a new category of non-CMOS non-volatile memory whose functional operation is manifested itself as the movement of ionic defects in the lattice of a crystalline material. As the name “Memory Resistor” implies that it is a non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM) i.e. it does not lose its data even when the power is switched-off. In this paper, a new model called Voltage Threshold Adaptive Memristor (VTEAM) model is presented in the context of analysing the logic gates made of Memristors .This paper focuses on the parametric variation of the VTEAM model and also on the implementation of the basic logic gates using Memristors as the basic component. On the basis of simulation results, it is observed that the device shows better accuracy and also faster read operation compared to TTL counterpart. As a case study, NAND and XOR gates are implemented and teste

Learning puzzles with Indian english tags

Second language learning (L2) is a unique and interesting domain of research. Most learners have an existing knowledge of one or more first languages (L1), which sometimes aids and sometimes hinders the acquisition of a new language. We present here, the case of Indian English question tags that seem to have been influenced by both ‘standard’ (American and British) English and Hindi-Urdu, and yet exhibit some unique features. Our primary contentions are, (a) Indian English has its own grammatical system, and (b) the learning of Indian English does not crucially rely on the learners’ first language competence1

Interface characterization of Co2MnGe/Rh2CuSn Heusler multilayers

All-Heusler multilayer structures have been investigated by means of high kinetic x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, aiming to address the amount of disorder and interface diffusion induced by annealing of the multilayer structure. The studied multilayers consist of ferromagnetic Co$_2$MnGe and non-magnetic Rh$_2$CuSn layers with varying thicknesses. We find that diffusion begins already at comparably low temperatures between 200 $^{\circ}$C and 250 $^{\circ}$C, where Mn appears to be most prone to diffusion. We also find evidence for a 4 {\AA} thick magnetically dead layer that, together with the identified interlayer diffusion, are likely reasons for the small magnetoresistance found for current-perpendicular-to-plane giant magneto-resistance devices based on this all-Heusler system

Out-of-plane interface dipoles and anti-hysteresis in graphene-strontium titanate hybrid transistor

The out-of-plane electric polarization at the surface of SrTiO3 (STO), an archetypal perovskite oxide, may stabilize new electronic states and/or host novel device functionality. This is particularly significant in proximity to atomically thin membranes, such as graphene, although a quantitative understanding of the polarization across graphene-STO interface remains experimentally elusive. Here, we report direct observation and measurement of a large intrinsic out-of-plane polarization at the interface of singlelayer graphene and TiO2-terminated STO (100) crystal. Using a unique temperature dependence of anti-hysteretic gate-transfer characteristics in dual-gated graphene-on-STO field-effect transistors, we estimate the polarization to be as large as approximate to 12 mu Ccm(-2), which is also supported by the density functional theory calculations and low-frequency noise measurements. The anti-hysteretic transfer characteristics is quantitatively shown to arise from an interplay of band bending at the STO surface and electrostatic potential due to interface polarization, which may be a generic feature in hybrid electronic devices from two-dimensional materials and perovskite oxides

Оценивание финансово-экономической безопасности предприятий молокоперерабатывающей отрасли

The essence of the concept “financial and economic security of the enterprise” is covered. Methodological approaches to the enterprise financial and economic security evaluation are considered, enabling the method of index numberrating score of the enterprise financial and economic security to be found. Dynamics of milk anddairy production in Ukraine has been studied. Ukrainian regions leading in liquid processed milk production have been identified. Dynamics of milk and dairy production per man has been analyzed which allowed to find out the annual increase in demand per man. Integrated index of the dairy enterprise financial and economic security has been evaluated. As a result, the ways to increase the managerial efficiency of financial and economic security of the following enterprises:PJSC "Dubnomoloko", PJSC "Kupyans'ki milk canning plant", PJSC the "Yagotyns'ki creamery", PJSC the "Pervomais'ki milk canning plant" are offered.У статті розкрито сутність поняття фінансово-економічної безпеки підприємства. Розглянуто методичні підходи щодо оцінювання фінансово-економічної безпеки підприємства, що дозволило виявити підхід рейтингової оцінки показника фінансово-економічної безпеки підприємства. Досліджено динаміку виробництва молока та молочних продуктів України. Виявити області України, які є лідерами з виробництва молока рідкого обробленого. Проаналізовано динаміку виробництва молока та молочних продуктів на одну особу, що дозволило встановити щорічне зростання попиту на одну особу. Визначено підприємства молокопереробної галузі. Проведено оцінку інтегрального показника фінансово-економічної безпеки підприємств молокопереробної галузі. За результатами оцінки запропоновано шляхи підвищення ефективності управління фінансово-економічної безпеки таких підприємств, як: ПАТ «Дубномолоко», ПАТ «Куп’янський молочноконсервний комбінат», ПАТ «Яготинський маслозавод», ПАТ «Первомайський молочноконсервний комбінат».В статье раскрыто сущность понятия финансово-экономическая безопасность предприятия. Рассмотрено методические подходы относительно оценивания финансово-экономической безопасности предприятия, что позволило выявить поход рейтинговой оценки показателя финансово-экономической безопасности предприятия. Исследовано динамику производства молока и молочных продуктов Украины. Выявлены области Украины, которые являются лидерами по производству молока жидкого обработанного. Проанализировано динамику производства молока и молочных продуктов на одного человека, что позволило установить ежегодный рост спроса на одного человека. Определены предприятия молокоперерабатывающей отрасли. Проведена оценка интегрального показателя финансово-экономической безопасности предприятий молокоперерабатывающей отрасли. По результатам оценки предложены пути повышения эффективности управления финансово-экономической безопасности таких предприятий, как: ПАО «Дубномолоко», ПАО «Купянский молочноконсервный комбинат», ПАО «Яготинский маслозавод», ПАО «Первомайский молочноконсервный комбинат»

Beyond the Dichotomy of Standard vs. Non-standard: A Sociolinguistic Study on the Features of Standard Language Formation in Malayalam

Standard language is a codified form of language that is accepted by a larger speech community which also serves as a model (Garvin 1959). The various criteria which are significant in the standardization of any language include the intrinsic properties of that language, the functions of that language within the culture of a speech community, and the attitude of the speech community towards the standard language. Therefore, as properties of language unification, social status and prestige are considered symbolic to the process of standardization. While a set of parameters have been proposed to identify one variety of any spoken language as “standard” and others as “non-standard”, most of the arguments boil down to the question of power held by the speakers of a particular variety in terms of cultural, financial, and political capitals (Trudgill 2000; Kachru 1976 & 1996). General observations within the discipline point to the fact that it is based on this high status that certain varieties of any spoken language is recognized as standard, and all public discourses, spoken and written, are carried out in that particular variety. The case of English, being a global language and the most widely used lingua franca of the world, is not unique in this regard. Despite many varieties of the language being used across the world and some of them even being used as the first language of larger populations, a strong tendency to standardise the language on the basis of how the language is used in the inner circle, is prevalent. Although this has been the case with most of the languages, a few deviants are found to be in existence against this observation in a language like Malayalam. Among the 13 identified varieties of the language, the standard variety, i.e, the variety used for administrative and official purposes, is not observed to have been used by the speakers of a particular geographic locality or a community as a spoken language. Therefore, through this research, by looking into the process of the formation of standard language in Malayalam which is the central point of study, we claim that the English type standard vs. non-standard dichotomy does not fit well in the spoken discourse of varieties of Malayalam

Learning puzzles with Indian english tags

Second language learning (L2) is a unique and interesting domain of research. Most learners have an existing knowledge of one or more first languages (L1), which sometimes aids and sometimes hinders the acquisition of a new language. We present here, the case of Indian English question tags that seem to have been influenced by both ‘standard’ (American and British) English and Hindi-Urdu, and yet exhibit some unique features. Our primary contentions are, (a) Indian English has its own grammatical system, and (b) the learning of Indian English does not crucially rely on the learners’ first language competence1