Factors associated with incomplete childhood immunization in Arbegona district, southern Ethiopia: a case – control study

Abstract Background The prevention of child mortality through immunization is one of the most cost-effective and widely applied public health interventions. In Ethiopia, the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) schedule is rarely completed as planned and the full immunization rate is only 24 %. The objective of this study was to identify determinant factors of incomplete childhood immunization in Arbegona district, Sidama zone, southern Ethiopia. Methods A community based unmatched case-control study was undertaken among randomly selected children aged 12 to 23 months and with a total sample size of 548 (183 cases and 365 controls). A multi-stage sampling technique was used to get representative cases and controls. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 16 statistical software. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were done to identify independent factors for incomplete immunization status of children. Qualitative data were also generated and analyzed using thematic framework. Results The incomplete immunization status of children was significantly associated with young mothers (AOR = 9.54; 95 % CI = 5.03, 18.09), being born second to fourth (AOR = 3.64; 95 % CI = 1.63, 8.14) and being born fifth or later in the family (AOR = 5.27; 95 % CI = 2.20, 12.64) as compared to being born first, a mother’s lack of knowledge about immunization benefits (AOR = 5.51; 95 % CI = 1.52, 19.94) and a mother’s negative perception of vaccine side effects (AOR = 1.92; 95 % CI = 1.01, 3.70). The qualitative finding revealed that the migration of mothers and unavailability of vaccines on appointed immunization dates were the major reasons for partial immunization of children. Conclusion To reduce the number of children with incomplete immunization status, the Arbegona district needs to consider specific planning for mothers with these risk profiles. A focus on strengthening health communication activities to raise immunization awareness and address concerns of vaccine side effects at community level is also needed. This could be achieved through integrating the immunization service to other elements of primary health care.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/116791/1/12889_2015_Article_2678.pd

Determinants of postoperative abdominal wound dehiscence among patients operated in a tertiary hospital

BACKGROUND: Abdominal wound dehiscence is one of the dreadful complications for surgeons in their daily activities.The Objective of this study was to identify determinants of abdominal would dehiscence among patients operated at Saint Paul hospital millennium medical college.METHODS: A Matched case-control study to determine the predictors of abdominal wound dehiscence among operated patients at St. Paul’s Hospital conducted . Multivariable logistic regression analysis done to calculate odds ratio and identify independent risk factors for abdominal wound dehiscnece.RESULT: A total of 68 cases and 68 controls were studied. Bivariable analysis revealed Preoperative sepsis, condition at admission, an indication of surgery, post-operative wound infection, and post-operative days of hospitalization as independent risk factor for abdominal wound dehiscence. Multivariable analysis proved the presence of preoperative sepsis and an indication of surgery as an independent risk factor. In-patient mortality was 9 (13.2%) in the dehiscence group. More than 90% of patients with dehiscence stayed more than ten days in hospital, but close to half of the controls stayed less than ten days(P<0.05)CONCLUSION: The presence of postoperative wound infection and an emergency surgical conditions were significant risk factors for an occurrence of postoperative abdominal wound dehiscence.Focused follow-up of postoperative wound infection to identify signs of infection and meticulous implementation of perioperative infection prevention practices would save a lot more in a resource-limited setup

Risk Factors of Active Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV/AIDS in Southwest Ethiopia: A Case Control Study

BACKGROUND: Determinants of active tuberculosis among People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) are not well elucidated in countries with limited resources. The objective of this study was to assess distal and proximate determinants of active tuberculosis among people living with HIV/AIDS in southwest Ethiopia. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted from January to March, 2009 in South West Ethiopia. The study population consisted of 162 cases and 647 controls. Cases were adult people living with HIV/AIDS who developed active pulmonary tuberculosis and controls were people living with HIV/AIDS without active tuberculosis. An interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect information on potential risk factors. RESULTS: After adjustment for potential confounders, male gender (OR=1.7; 95%CI: 1.1, 2.7), a low level of education (OR=2.8; 95% CI: 1.1, 7.1), a body mass index less than 18.5 kg/m2 (OR=4.1; 95% CI: 2.3, 7.4), hemoglobin level less than 10.0 g/dl (OR=2.8; 95%CI: 1.5, 5.2), a CD4 lymphocyte count less than 200 cells/μL (OR=9.8‘95% CI: 5.5, 17.5), a WHO clinical stage IV (OR=4.3; 95% CI: 2.6, 6.8), not taking antiretroviral treatment (OR=3.1; 95%CI: 1.9,4.9), an infection with helminthes (OR=2.2; 95% CI: 1.4, 3.4), a history of contact with a tuberculosis patient in the family (OR=2.0; 95% CI: 1.2, 3.3), and living in a house made of mud wall (OR=3.7; 95% CI: 1.5, 7.5) were independently associated with the development of active tuberculosis in people living with HIV/AIDS. CONCLUSION: All people living with HIV/AIDS should be screened for tuberculosis but in the presence of the risk factors mentioned above, intensified screening is recommended. KEYWORDS: Active TB, HIV, risk factors, case control study, Southwest Ethiopi

Determinants of Maternal Satisfaction with Existing Delivery Care at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital, Ethiopia

Background. Assessing maternal satisfaction on delivery service has significant public health importance to measure the quality of maternal and child care services in a country. Therefore, the objective of this study was to further investigate the determinants of maternal satisfaction on delivery service provided at the Woliata Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods. An institutionally based cross-sectional study was employed at the Wolaita Sodo University Hospital, Ethiopia. All mothers who gave birth between March and May 2018 were included in the study. Data were collected through using a pretested and structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. A P value of <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Result. A total of 398 delivered mothers were included in the study. The rate of maternal satisfaction on existing delivery care was found to be 67.3%. Being less educated (AOR=5.06, [2.22-11.53]), primigravida (AOR=3.59, [1.17-11.04]), planned and wanted pregnancy (AOR=2.74, [1.21-6.18]), having antenatal care follow-up for current pregnancy (AOR=4.48, [2.04-9.83]), ever used family planning service (AOR=3.83, [1.95-67.52]), labor duration of less than 6 hours (AOR=5.96, [2.61-13.57]), and spontaneous vaginal delivery (AOR=2.82, [1.07-7.42]) were factors significantly associated with maternal satisfaction. Conclusion. In this study setting, maternal satisfaction was lower compared to other studies. Unreserved effort should be considered for future interventions

Martinez Lake planning area Citizen Advisory Group report

abstract: One of ten citizen reports to be prepared by Long Range Planning Staff in preparation for drafting the Yuma County 2020 Comprehensive Plan. CAG members reviewed the goals, objectives and polices, and the following elements of the Yuma County 2010 Comprehensive Plan: Land Use Element--Martinez Lake Planning Area: Open Spaces & Recreational Resources, Circulation, Environmental, Water Resources, and Safet